湖南科技大學(xué)高級(jí)英語第二冊(cè)試題及答案

（試卷1）I.Vocabulary(30%)Fromthelistofwordsatthetop,selectthecorrectwordorphraseforeachblankspace.Useeachwordorphraseonlyonce(15%).lashedscuddeddesolatederelictundoingmakingsboomingcontemptuousacatalyticagentspreesswiveledsmolderedlucrativemacabreadjunctHurricaneCamillenorthwestwardacrosstheGulfofMexico.GraycloudsinfromtheGulfontherisingwind.MostofMoroccoissothatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanlieonit.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeabuildinglot.TheAmericansareunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowofthesehumanrightstowhichthisnationhasbeencommitted.Althoughshewasnotverysmartnow,shealreadyhadtheTheofAmericanindustrynolongerleftanyroomforthecodeoftheVictorianage.Journalismwasameretocommercialism.ThewaractedasinthisbreakingdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.Likemostescapist,thisonelasteduntilthemoneyranout.Nothostile,not,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.Backandforth,hishead,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillHerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,thecenterofitsmostandcharacteristicactivity.Itreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoaanddepressingjoke.Fromthelistofwordsatthetop,selectthecorrectsynonymfortheunderlinedwordsorphrasesineachsentence(15%)hit distress fellapart noticeablecrazygap aimlesslytoughenedcallforth ambitiousperceptive industriousputanendtomoralattitudescriticismHurricaneCamillewascertaintopummelGulfport,Miss.,wheretheKoshakslived.Thegroupheardgunlikereportsasotherupstairswindowsdisintegrated.Butthebluesdidoccasionallyafflictalltheadults.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.Theconversationmoveddesultorilyhereandthere.WhatalthistellsusisofadeepriftinthecultureofEnglandaftertheNormanConquest.Formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife.Thisnewgenerationhasbeentemperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace.Flamingdiatribespouredfromtheirpensdenouncingthematerialism.Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.Hewasanenterprisingfellow.Hecalledhimselfaperspicaciousman.14.1awardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.15.Thusinachangingworldyouthwasfacedwiththechallengeofbringourmoresuptodate.ILParaphrasethefollowingsentences.(20%)We'reelevated23feet.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Noonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe.Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.Boyandman,Ihadbeenthroughtheregionoftenbefore.Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedTheplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Translatethefollowingsentences(usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.(20%)Amomentlater,thehurricaneliftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.Inatropicallandscapeone'seyestakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.Fads,Isubmit,aretheverynegationofreason.Herewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofrallycats.6.暴風(fēng)雨使旅客們處于孤立無援的處境。(maroon)7?他們個(gè)個(gè)都把一杯啤酒看成是一件難得的奢侈品。(lookon).他有可能已經(jīng)聽說這個(gè)壞消息了。(chances).我問起他美國(guó)的生活，他馬上警覺起來。(situp).一絲智慧的光芒閃現(xiàn)在他的眼中。(glimmer)IV.Namethefiguresofspeechusedinthefollowingsentences,(oneineachsentence)(10%)Wecanbattendownandrideitout.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallaround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.Letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.OtherwiseyouhavecommittedaDictoSimpliciter.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.Oneblinkedbeforethemasoneblinksbeforeamanwithhisfaceshotaway.Heisnomeanopponentinthecomingdebate.Whenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleep一butforever.Hopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwarandBabbittry,cameingreatnumberstoliveinGreenwichVillage,thetraditionalartisticcenter.V.Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethecorrectanswertoeachquestionthatfollows(5%)UNCLELOTAndsoIamtowriteastory-butofwhat,andwhere?ShallitberadiantwiththeskyofItalyoreloquentwiththebeauidealofGreece?Shallitbreatheodorandlanguorfromtheorient,orchivalryfromtheOccidentorgaietyfromFrance?orvigorfromEngland?No,no;thesearealltooold—tooromance-like-tooobviouslypicturesqueforme.No;letmeturntomyownland—myown.NewEngland;thelandofbrightfiresandstronghearts;thelandofdeeds,andnotofwords;thelandoffruits,andnotofflowers;thelandoftenspokenagainst,yetalwaysrespected;"Thelatchesofwhoseshoesthenationsoftheeartharenotworthytounloose.9Nowfromthisveryheroicapostrophe,youmaysupposethatIhavesomethingveryheroictotell.Bynomeans,itismerelyalittleintroductorybreezeofpatriotism,suchasoccasionallybrushesovereverymind,bearingonitswingstheremembranceofallweeverlovedofcherishedinthelandofourearlyyears;andifitshouldseemtoberodomontadetoanypeopleinotherpartsoftheearth,letthemonlyimagineittobesaidabout'OldKentucky/oldEngland,oranyothercorneroftheworldinwhichtheyhappenedtobebornandtheywillfinditquiterational.But,astouchingourstory,itistimetobeing.DidyoueveryseethelittlevillageofNewbury,inNewEnglandIdaresayyouneverdid;foritwasjustoneofthoseout-of-the-wayplaceswherenobodyeverycameunlesstheycameonpurpose:agreenlittlehollow,wedgedlikeabird'snestbetweenhalfadozenhighhills,thatkeptoffthewindandkeptoutforeigners;sothatthelittleplacewasasstraightlysuigenerisasiftherewerenotanotherintheworld.Theinhabitantswereallofthatrespectableoldsteadfastfamilywhomakeitapointtobeborn,bred,married,todie,andbeburiedallintheselfsamespot.Therewerejustsomanyhouses,andjustsomanypeoplelivedinthem;andnobodyeverseemedtobesick,ortodieeither,atleastwhileIwasthere.Thenativesgrewoldtilltheycouldnotgrowanyolder,andthentheystoodstill,andlastedfromgenerationtogeneration.Therewas,too,anunchangeabilityaboutalltheexternalsofNewbury.Herewasaredhouse,andtherewasabrownhouse,andacrossthewaywasayellowhouse;andtherewasastragglingrailfenceoratribeofmulleinstalksbetween.Theministerlivedhere,andSquireMoseslivedthere,andDeaconHartlivedunderthehill,andMessrs.NadabandAbihuPeterslivedbythecrossword,andtheold'wider'Smithlivedbythemeeting-house,andEbenezerCampkeptashoemaker'sshopononeside,andPatienceMoselykeptamilliner9sshopinfront;andtherewasoldComfortScran,whokeptstoreforthewholetown,andsoldaxeheads,brassthimbles,licoriceballs,fancyhandkerchiefs,andeverythingelseyoucanthinkof.Here,too,wasthegeneralpost-office,whereyoumightseelettersmarvelouslyfolded,directedwrongsideupward,stampedwithathimble,andsuperscribedtosomeoftheDollys,orPollys,orPeters,orMosesesforenamedornotnamed.Fortherest,astomanners,morals,arts,andsciences,thepeopleinNewburyalwayswenttotheirpartiesatthreeo'clockintheafternoon,andcamehomebeforedark;alwaysstoppedallworktheminutethesunwasdownonSaturdaynight;alwayswenttomeetingonSunday;hadaschoolhousewithalltheordinaryinconveniences;wereinneighborlycharitywitheachother;readtheirBibles,fearedtheirGod,andwerecontentwithsuchthingsastheyhad—thebestphilosophy,afterallInthefirstparagraphtheauthorcontraststheEastandtheWestas[A]indolentandgallant. [B]charmingandrude.[C]foreignandfamiliar. [D]passiveandaggressive.Inthesecondparagraphwecanseethattheauthorassumesherreaders[A]preferrigorousarguments.[B]sharesimilarfeelings.[C]needalotofpersuading. [D]dislikefigurativelanguage.TheauthorchoosesNewEnglandashersubjectmatterbecausesheknowsitwellandbecauseitsinhabitantsare[A]talkativeratherthandiligent. [B]productiveratherthanself-indulgent.[C]romanticratherthanserious. [D]charmingratherthanadmired.ThefactsinthepassageindicatethatvillageofNewburyisfA]accustomedtoseeingvagabonds.fB]adenselypopulatedarea.[C]sociallyandpoliticallyprogressive.[D]locatedinaremotepartofthecountry.Theauthor9sviewofNewburyis[A]retrospective.[B]detached.[C]impartial.[D]skeptical.VI.Readthefollowingpassageandanswerquestionsbasedonthepassage:(15%)Naturally,thespiritofcarnivalandenthusiasmforhighmilitaryadventureweresoondissipatedoncetheeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtasteoftwentiethcenturywarfare.Totheirlastingglory,theyfoughtwithdistinction,butitwasamuchmorealteredgroupofsoldierswhoreturnedformthebattlefieldin1919.Especiallywasthistrueofthecollegecontingent,whoseidealismhadledthemtoenlistearlyandwhohadgenerallyseenaconsiderableamountofaction.Tothem,itwasbittertoreturntoahometownvirtuallyuntouchedbytheconflict,whosecitizensstilltalkedwiththenaiveFourth-of-Julybombasttheythemselveshadbeenguiltyoftwoorthreeyearsearlier.Itwasevenmorebittertofindthattheiroldjobshadbeentakenbythestay-at-homes,thatbusinesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedtheopeningupofnewjobs,andthatveteranswereconsideredproblemchildrenandlessdesirablethannon-veteransforwhateverbusinessopportunitiesthatdidexist.Theirhomeswereoftenuncomfortabletothem;theyhadoutgrowntownandfamiliesandhaddevelopedasuddenbewilderingworld-wearinesswhichneithertheynortheirrelativescouldunderstand.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaivetedestroyedbythewarandnow,insleepyGopherPrairiesalloverthecountry,theywerebeingaskedtocurbthoseenergiesandresumetheposeofself-deceivingVictorianinnocencethattheynowfelttobeasoutmodedasthenotionthattheirfightinghad“madetheworldsafefordemocracy.^^And,asifhometownconditionswerenotenough,thereturningveteranalsohadtofacethesodden,NapoleniccynicismofVersailles,thehypocriticaldo-goodismofProhibition,andthesmugpatriotismofthewarprofiteers.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofAmericahadto"give"and,afterashortperiodofbitterresentment,it“gave"intheformofacompleteoverthrowofgenteelstandardsofbehaviour.Questions:Accordingtothepassage,thenotionthattheirfightinghad“madetheworldsafefordemocracy^^wasoutmoded,why?Hadtheirfightingreallymadetheworldsafefordemocracy?Ifyes,stateyourreasons.Ifnot,stateyourreasons.(5%)Whywasitbitterforthereturningveterantoreturntotheirhometown?(3%)Howdoyouunderstandthephrase“agoodtaste”?(2%)Howdoyouunderstandthetwo"give”inthelastsentenceofthispassage?(5%)（卷1）參考答案LVocabulary(30%)(1分1題)Section11.lashed9.acatalyticagent2.scudded10.sprees3.desolate11.contemptuous4.derelict12.swiveled5.undoing13.smoldered6.makings14.lucrative7.booming15.macabre8.adjunctSection2hitfellapartdistresscrazynoticeableaimlesslygapputanendtotoughenedcriticismcallforthambitiousperceptiveindustriousmoralattitudesII.Paraphrase(20%) (2分1題)We're23feetabovesealevel.Thehousehasbeenatthisplacesince1915,andhasneverbeendamagedbyanyhurricanes.Nooneknowshowtheconversationwillgoasitmovesaimlesslyanddesultorilyorasitbecomesspiritedandexciting.OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttoday,thisissuehasnotyetbeendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.AsaboyandlaterwhenIwasagrown-upman,Ihadoftentraveledthroughtheregion.Attheverymentionofthispost-warperiod,middle-agedpeoplebegintothinkaboutitlongingly.Thehousehasbeenatthisplacesince1915,andhasneverbeendamagedbyanyhurricanes.Alltheempiresbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonialslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecolonialsashumanbeings).Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreatnumberofjointundertakings.Translation(20%) (2分1題)不一會(huì)兒，一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)掠過，將整個(gè)屋頂卷入空中，拋向40英尺以外。在熱帶的景色中，萬物皆一目了然，唯獨(dú)看不見人。一個(gè)自由社會(huì)如若不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就無法保全少數(shù)的富人。趕時(shí)髦就是最缺乏理智的表現(xiàn)。人們的居住條件如此糟糕，連那些流浪街頭的野貓也為之害羞。Thetravelersweremaroonedbythestorm.Everyoneofthemlooksonaglassofbeerasanimpossibleluxury.Chancesarethathehasalreadyheardaboutthisbadnews.IaskedhimaboutlifeinAmericaandthatmadehimsitup.Aglimmerofintelligencecameintohereyes)Figureofspeech(10%)(1分1題)metaphortransferredepithetantithesisparallelismmetonymysynecdochesimilelitoteseuphemismmetonymyReadthefollowingpassagesandchoosethecorrectanswertoeachquestionthatfollows(5%)1-5ABBDA閱讀理解選擇題一個(gè)題1分，共5分；Readingthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Usebriefwordsandcorrectgrammar.Bothyourideasandlanguagewillbegraded.(15%)1(5%), 2(3%),3(2%),4(5%)問題解答按以下原則評(píng)分：學(xué)生須在歸納時(shí)總結(jié)出文章的主要內(nèi)容、作者的基本目的、文章的主旨，閱卷時(shí)考慮學(xué)生的語言運(yùn)用是否正確、有無語法錯(cuò)誤、單詞拼寫、語言是否地道等。后面兩題依照參考答案，學(xué)生的答案和參考答案相似或接近，用詞須準(zhǔn)確、地道，回答簡(jiǎn)明扼要，視情況給分。（試卷2）Vocabulary(30%)Fromthelistofwordsatthetop,selectthecorrectwordorphraseforeachblankspace.Useeachwordorphraseonlyonce(15%).twopencehostroomflatteredbelligerentwhippedcoweredmummifiedwarpedsquashedcontingentdistinctionrecollectionsadjunctatoddsWindandrainnowthehouse.Thedogwitheyesclosed.Theman'sleftlegisoutofshape.Theoldwomenarewithageandheat.Inthisconnectionitdoesn'tmatterifhecallshimselfasocialist.Theblacksoldiers?feetintobootsthatlookedlikeblocksofwood.Forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeandsplitasunder.Especiallywasthistrueofthecollege,whoseidealismhadledthemtoenlistearly.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinaofco-operativeventures.Theyfoughtwith.Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgictothemiddle-aged.Journalismwasameretocommercialism.TheboomingofAmericanindustrynolongerleftforthecodeoftheVictorianage..Meanwhile,thetrueintellectualswerefarfrom.Ourofficialreluctancetodeclareourstatusasawasintolerabletomanyofourcitizens.Fromthelistofwordsatthetop,selectthecorrectsynonymfortheunderlinedwordsorphrasesineachsentence(15%)raisedrottinginsecurely pleasant-looking tendencysheltered scorn traitunpleasantnarrow-mindedsetfree exhaustinglookeddownupon fights coveredTheSaxonpeasantswhotilledthelandandrearedtheanimalscouldnotaffordthemeat.TheNormanlordsofcourtsturneduptheirnosesattherabbitmeat.Redbrickageswithdignity.Letitbecomedownrightblack,itisstillsightly.Thepullisalwaystowardugliness.Theyleanthiswayandthat,hangingontotheirbasesprecariously.Youwill,infact,findnothingofthesortinEurope-saveperhapsinthemoreputridpartsofEngland.GreenwichVillagehadalsoharboredenoughmajorwriters.Theyweretryingtofloutthemoralityoftheirgrandfathers.Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees.Wehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmorality.Ittookfivegruelingnights,butitwasworthit.CharlesLambunfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorablework.TheonehundreddaysfracaswithSpainhaddissolvedintoaone-sidedvictory.The'lostgeneration?attitudeneverthelessactedasacommondenominatorofthewritingofthetimes.Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely,despitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.(20%)Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveintoeachothefslivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.Thismuchwepledge-andmore.Theygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.ButsomehowIhadneverquitesenseditsappallingdesolation.Itreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely,despitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.Theyhadoutgrowntownsandfamilies.III.Translatethefollowingsentences(usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.(20%)Itoreoffapieceofbreadandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags.TheconversationhadswungfromAustralianconvictsofthe19thcenturytotheEnglishpeasantsofthe12lhcentury.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedaremeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.Itreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.對(duì)生活在這片貧瘠的土地上的人來說，他們祖祖輩輩的生活就是從是從貧瘠的土壤中費(fèi)力地弄出點(diǎn)吃的來。(wring)Tim的婚姻亮起了紅燈。(ontherocks)法律規(guī)定對(duì)受賄該處以什么刑法？(prescribe)他試圖超過他的對(duì)手但最終還是失敗了。(outpace)他從小就有藝術(shù)家的素質(zhì)。(makings)Namethefiguresofspeechusedinthefollowingsentences.(Oneineachsentence)(10%)HurricaneCamilleseizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit372milesaway.Theglowoftheconversationburstintoflames....fourorfivethousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.Peteylaysnoringinhisbed,theraccooncoathuddledlikeagreathairybeastathisfeet.Theeffectoftheuglystadiumwithanimpossibleyellowpenthouseisthatofafatwomanwithablackeye.Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely.Whenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleep—butforever.Andso,myfellowAmericansasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.Wefeltstrong,smug,secure.Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethecorrectanswertoeachquestionthatfollows(5%)GRAPESOFWRATHWeliveinsouthernCaliforniagrowinggrapes,afirstgenerationofvintners,ourhomeadjacenttothevineyardsandthewinery.It'saveryprettyplace,andinordertoearnthemoneytorealizeourdreamofmakingwine,weworkedformanyyearsinabusinessthatdemandedseveralhouseholdmoves,anincredibleamountofrisk-takingandlongabsencesfrommyhusband.Whenitwastime,wetradedinouroldlife,cinchedupourbeltsandbeganthecreationofthewinery.Wemakesmallamountsofpremiumwine,andourlivesaredictatedbytherhythmofnatureandthedemandsofthelivingvines.ThevinesstartsproutingtinygreentendrilsinMarchandApril,andthebabygrapesbegintoforminminiature,soperfectthattheycanbedippedingoldtoformjewelry.Thegrapesswellandripeninearlyfall,andwhentheirsugarcontentisattherightlevel,theyareharvestedcarefullybyhandandcrushedinsmalllots.Thewineisfermentedandtendeduntilitisreadytobebottled.Thevineyardsshedtheirleaves,thevinesareprunedandmadereadyforthedormantmonths-andthenextvintage.Itsoundsnice,doesn?tit?Livinginthecountry,ourdaysspentintheancientroutineofthevineyard,knowingthatthecourseofourlivesasvintnerswaschoreographedlongageandthatifwepracticeddiligently,ourwinewouldbegoodandwe'dbesuccessful.Fromthestartweknewtherewasapricefortheprivilegeofbecomingawine-makingfamily,connectedtothelandandthecapricesofnature.Weworkhardatsomethingwelove,weareslowtopanicoverthedailyemergencies,wearenimbleatsolvingproblemsastheyarise.Somehazardstocompletingasuccessfulvintageareexpected:rainjustbeforeharvestingcancausemold;electricityunexpectedlyinterruptedduringthecoldfermentationofwhitewinecandamageit;adelayedpaymentfromamajorclientwhenthemoneyisneeded.Thereareoutsideinfluencesthatdisruptproductionandtakepatience,goodwillandperseverance.(Forexample)theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearmsregulateseveryfacetofthewinebusiness.Awinery'srecordsareauditedasoftenastwoorthreetimesayearandeverylabel—newlywrittenforeachyear'svintage—mustbeapproved....(But)Thegreatestthreattothewinery,andonethatalmostmadeusloseheart,cameoutofalawyer'simagination.Ourlittlewinerywasservednoticethatwewerenamedinalawsuitaccusingusofendangeringthepublichealthbyusingleadfoilsonourbottles(itwastheonlymaterialuseduntilrecently)“withoutwarningconsumersofapossiblerisk.,,Thereitwas,ourwinery'snamelistedwiththeindustry'sgiants.......Imusthaveaskedahundredtimes:"Whogetsthemoneyifthelawsuitissuccessful?^^Theanswerwas,andIneverwasablertoassimilateit,theplaintiffsandtheirlawyerswhofiledthesuit!Sincethelawsuitwasbroughtinbehalfofconsumers,itseemedtomethatconsumersmustgetsomethingifitwasprovedthataleadfoilwasdangeroustothem.Weweretoldoneofthetwoconsumerclaimantswasanemployeeofthefirmfilingthesuit!Thereareattorneyswhofocustheircareersonlawsuitslikethis.Itisanimmensedangertothesmallbusinessman.Cashreservescanbeusedupintheblinkofaneyewheninthecompanyoflawyers.Aslongasifspossibleforanyonetosueanybodyforanything,weareallindanger.Aslongasthelegalprofessionallowsmemberstopracticelawdishonorablyandlawyersarecongratulatedforwinningbigmoneyinthisway,we'Hallbeplaguedwithacorruptiblejusticesystem.Thephrase"cinchedupourbelts/Thewritercomplainsthatwhenshequestionedthelawyersshe[A]nevergotananswer.[B]nevergotasimpleanswer.[C]couldmakenosenseoftheanswershegot.[D]couldnotunderstandtheanswershegot.Thewritercomplainsthatwhenshequestionedthelawyersshe[A]nevergotananswer.[B]nevergotasimpleanswer.[C]couldmakenosenseoftheanswershegot.[D]couldnotunderstandtheanswershegot.thoughtcreatingawinerywouldbeeasy.woreclothingthatwastoobig.strappedtheirbelongingstogetherandmoved.preparedforthedifficultworkahead.Thegrapesareharvestedonadatethatmayvary.istraditionallyset.dependsontheapprovaloftheregulatorybureau.isdeterminedbyavailabilityofpickers.Accordingtotheauthor,thelifeofvintnersismostcontrolledby[AltheBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearms.unexpectedchangesintemperature.thesugarcontentofthegrapes.thetempooftheseasons.Thewriterthinksthatthelegalprofessionstrivestoprotectconsumers.includesrapaciousattorneys.doesagoodjobofpolicingitsmembers.ispartofanincorruptiblesystem.VI.Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(15%)HowtoPoisontheEarthPoisoningtheearthcanbedifficultbecausetheearthisalwaystryingtocleanseandrenewitself.Keepingthisinmind,weshouldgenerateasmuchwasteaspossiblefromsubstancessuchasuranium-238,whichhasahalf-life(thetimeittakesforhalfofthesubstancetodecay)ofonemillionyears,orplutonium,whichhasahalf-lifeofonly0.5millionyearsbutissotoxicthatifdistributedevenly,tenpoundsofitcouldkilleverypersonontheearth.BecausetheUnitedStatesgenerateabouteighteentonsofplutoniumperyear,itisaboutthebestsubstanceforlong-termpoisoningoftheearth.Itwouldhelpifwewouldbuildmorenuclearpowerplantsbecauseeachonegeneratesonly500poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Ofcourse,wemustincludepersistenttoxicchemicalssuchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyl(PCR)anddichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)tomakesurewehaveenoughtoxinstopoisontheearthfromthecoretotheouteratmosphere.First,wemustdevelopmanydifferentwaysofputtingthewastefromthesenuclearandchemicalsubstancesin,on,andaroundtheearth.Puttingthesesubstancesintheearthisamostimportantstepinthepoisoningprocess.Withdeep-wellinjectionwecanensurethattheearthispoisonedallthewaytothecore.Deep-wellinjectioninvolvesdrillingaholethatisafewthousandfeetdeepandinjectingtoxicsubstancesatextremelyhighpressuressotheywillpenetratedeepintotheearth.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),thereareabout360suchdeepinjectionwellsintheUnitedStates.Wecannotforgetthegroundwateraquifersthatareclosertothesurface.Thesemustalsobecontaminated.Thisiseasilydonebyshallow-wellinjection,whichoperatesonthesameprincipleasdeep-wellinjection,onlyclosertothesurface.Thegroundwaterthathasbeeninjectedwithtoxinswillspreadthecontaminationbeneaththeearth.TheEPAestimatesthatthereareapproximately500,000shallowinjectionwellsintheUnitedStates.Buryingthetoxinsintheearthisthenextbestmethod.Thetoxinsfromlandfills,dumps,andlagoonsslowlyseepintotheearth,guaranteeingthatcontaminationwilllastalongtime.BecausetheEPAestimatesthereareonlyabout50,000ofthesedumpsintheUnitedStates,theyshouldbelocatedinareaswheretheywillleaktothesurroundinggroundandsurfacewater.Surfacewaterisveryimportanttocontaminatebecauseitwilltransportthepoisonstoplacesthatcannotbecontaminateddirectly.Lakesaregoodforlong-termstorageofpollutantswhiletheyreleasesomeoftheircontaminationtorivers.Theonlytroublewithriversisthattheyactasanaturalcleansingsystemfortheearth.Nomatterhowmuchpoisonisdumpedinto