考研考博-英語-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

問題2選項

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

問題3選項

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

問題4選項

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

問題5選項

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知選項A錯誤；而divine與noble同義,所以選項B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知選項D也錯誤。所以本題選B。

2.語義題。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的損傷；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,濕度。根據(jù)原文可知,這里指可以幫助我們減少器官的磨損。選項A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的傷痛,只會給予傷害你的人力量。所以選項B并不是治療的好方法。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”寬恕并不一定意味著與讓你心煩的人和解,也不意味著寬恕他或她的行為。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。forgiveness為本文的關(guān)鍵詞,再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講如何寬恕以及寬恕的益處。選項C更符合原文。其他選項都太片面。

2.單選題

Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare（）.

問題1選項

A.outofwork

B.outofstock

C.outofreach

D.outofpractice

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。outofwork“失業(yè)的”；outofstock“無現(xiàn)貨的，無庫存的”；outofreach“夠不著”；outofpractice“久不練習(xí)，荒廢”。句意：很遺憾的告訴你，你預(yù)定的材料沒有現(xiàn)貨了。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.

IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.

Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.

Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby（

）.

2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?

3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?

問題1選項

A.drawingananalogy

B.makingacomparison

C.listingspecificexamples

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項

A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.

B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.

C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.

D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.

問題3選項

A.determiningone’ssocialstatus

B.showingone’sattitude

C.exchangingpersonalfeelings

D.signalingtheendofafight

問題4選項

A.Hidingtheirfaces.

B.Puffingouttheirchests.

C.Raisingtheirarms.

D.Removingtheirclothing.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。類比（drawingananalogy）指將兩個本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點進行比較，由文章第一段可知作者是將動物與人兩個不同的對象，其對勝利的表現(xiàn)都是相同的進行比較，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些在勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)中，來自不同文化的人們展示出一成不變的勝利姿態(tài)和由若干固定成分組成的羞愧表情。這其中包括盲人運動員，甚至還是先天失明的）可知C選項“來證明其驕傲和羞恥的本能反應(yīng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.（人們要夸耀他們的成就，確保他們的地位和社會群體的認(rèn)同。同樣地，羞愧表現(xiàn)出對失利的接受和對繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗的不情愿，也很可能是一種順從的表現(xiàn)）可知這些都是對態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.（研究表明來自于這些地方的職業(yè)運動員抑制了反應(yīng)，而這種反應(yīng)與控制恥辱表現(xiàn)的社會行為規(guī)范相一致）可知A“把他們的臉藏起來”屬于抑制自己反應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)，因此選A。

4.翻譯題

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.

Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.

【答案】對我來說，獨自生活最有趣的事情是生活變得越來越有價值，我已經(jīng)這樣獨自生活了二十年。正如我大多數(shù)日子做的那樣，當(dāng)我醒來，看著太陽從海平面升起，我已經(jīng)提前知道了這一整天（的計劃），不會被打攪，寫幾頁文字，和我的狗散步，讀讀書，聽聽音樂，我充滿了幸福。

當(dāng)我過度勞累、長時間不間斷地工作或者一時感到空虛需要充實時，我就會感到孤獨。有時，當(dāng)我結(jié)束了演講之旅回到家中，我會感到孤獨，因為我見了很多人，說了很多話，心里充滿了需要整理的經(jīng)歷。

之后有那么一段時間，我覺得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得給植物澆澆水，或許再像看人一樣，看看它們的千姿百態(tài)，慢慢地找回自我。

有那么一小會兒，我看著那噴泉里飛濺的浪花，但當(dāng)世界逐漸消失時，那一刻就來臨了，自我又從潛意識的深處再次浮現(xiàn)，帶著這幾天的經(jīng)歷去探究，然后慢慢領(lǐng)悟。

5.單選題

Partiestoajointventureshallapplyforarbitration______therelevantwrittenagreement.

問題1選項

A.incaseof

B.inharmonywith

C.inaccordancewith

D.initself

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項incaseof“萬一；如果發(fā)生；假設(shè)”；B選項inharmonywith“和諧；協(xié)調(diào)一致；協(xié)調(diào)；與……相配”；C選項inaccordancewith“根據(jù)；按照；依照”；D選項initself“以其本身而言，本質(zhì)上”。句意：合營各方應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)書面協(xié)議申請仲裁。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（）whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文語義。句意：一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價值的價格進入另一國家的貿(mào)易時，被認(rèn)為是。根據(jù)語境可知，這里應(yīng)填入與進出口貨物相關(guān)的詞匯。dump指傾銷，符合語境，選項D正確。

7.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to13spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents,"saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif（）.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.ratherconfusing

D.totallygroundless

問題3選項

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:SandraHofferth所說的“thesametimecrunch”是什么意思？根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句:Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch（危機）thataffectstheirparents(時間危機影響孩子，同樣也影響父母)。該句上段主題是：孩子們的休閑時間從40%降到了25%。該句的后文主題是：更多母親在外工作，即與孩子相處的休閑時間也減少了。因此，兩者都面臨的時間危機就是C項“父母和孩子都缺乏休閑時間”。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來，關(guān)于時間危機，SandraHofferth所給的原因…。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞SandraHofferth定位至第二段:moremothersareworkingoutsidethehome(更多的母親在外工作)。后面括號內(nèi)應(yīng)該是作者的看法:Nevertheless，childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers(然而，孩子與父母相處的時間分別是：雙親同時工作的為19小時，父親一人工作的為22小時，而單身母親家庭只有9小時)。因此可知，作者不完全支持SandraHofferth的說法。一方面，單身母親和雙親工作的家庭，與孩子相處的時間少于父親一人工作的家庭，即，作者大體同意SandraHofferth的說法。另一方面，作者認(rèn)為需要根據(jù)不同家庭結(jié)構(gòu)來分析此問題。因此，作者認(rèn)為SandraHofferth所給的原因是“部分正確”

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來，一個孩子在什么情況下會更好地成長？第三段指出了作者認(rèn)為的玩耍對孩子成長的好處:Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers...(自由玩耍能鼓勵獨立思考，讓孩子們與他們的同伴協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系……)。因此B項“如果讓他和同伴們自由玩?！闭_。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者所關(guān)心的事實是美國孩子…。A:參加有組織的活動越來越多。第三段最后一句指出:butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit(但是，3—12歲的孩子一周只花了12小時自由玩耍)。由此可見作者認(rèn)為孩子自由玩耍的時間越來越少。所以A項所述作者會比較關(guān)心。B:上班母親越來越忽視孩子。第二段談及母親上班有影響到孩子的休閑時間，但并不能推測出B項所述，因此排除B項。C:用來看電視的時間越來越多。第四段的確指出:Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision(調(diào)查的孩子的休閑時間迅速減少，但是他們花其中四分之一的時間來看電視)，但并不能推測出C項所述，因此排除C項。D:做的家務(wù)勞動越來越少。第一段指出:Theyalsodidmorehouseholdwork(做的家務(wù)勞動越來越少)，由此可知，D項所述錯誤。因此本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:從文章中，我們能推斷出什么?A:課外活動促進兒童智力發(fā)展。文章并未有所體現(xiàn)。B:如果關(guān)掉電視機，多數(shù)孩子會去讀書。最后一段指出:Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading(然而，如果他們花更少的時間看電視，孩子們不會以閱讀來取代看電視)。因此B項錯誤。C:培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經(jīng)頗有成效。文章最后指出:Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading(盡管人們付出努力來培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣，但孩子們一周僅有一個多小時用來讀書)。因此C項錯誤。本題用排除法，可得出答案為D選項“大多數(shù)父母認(rèn)為閱讀對孩子有益”。

8.單選題

Onthefatefulnightin1930whenthefirstGermanbombsfellonPoland,youngNinaNovak,oneofPoland'smostpromisingdancers,wasperformingintheOperaHouseinWarsaw.TwodayslatertheOperaHousewasdestroyedbybombs.Nina'swholelifehadbeendevotedtoballet:Nowherworldcollapsedaroundher.Inthedarkyearsthatfollowed,itseemedthatshewouldneverdanceagain,muchlessbecomeoneoftheworld'sleadingballerinas.ButNinahadcourageandadreamthatbeganwhenshewasveryyoung.

NinawasborninWarsawandspenttheearlyyearsofherchildhoodthere;HerfirstschoolteachernoticedlittleNina’sgraceandtoldhersheshouldstudydancing,Ninadelightedlyreportedtheteacher'swordsathome,buthermotherfoughttheidea,sayingthatnodaughterofherswasgoingtobeadancer.Nina,however,wasadeterminedchild.Shehadmadeuphermindtobeareallygreatballerinanomatterwhatthecost,andsheworkedtowardthisgoalwithherwholebeing.ShecoaxedandrageduntilhermotherfinallygaveinandletherenrollatthePolishOperaBalletSchool.

Herfirstappearanceonstagecamethreeyearslater,whenshewasallowedtodancethepartofaslavegirlintheoperaAida.Shortlyafterthis,Ninabecamearealprofessional,dancingfortwoyearsasprimaballerinaoftheChildren'sofWarsaw.

Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.ShespenttwoexcitingyearsdancinginthecapitalsofEurope,andsherosefromherhumbleplaceinthecorpsdeballetallthewaytosoloist.

ShehadjustreturnedtoWarsawafterthistourwhenthePolishStateBalletwasinvitedtodanceattheWorld’sFarinNewYorkearlyin1929.ButwhileshewasdancinggailyinNewYork,warcloudsweredarkeningoverhernativecountry.NinahadbeenhomeforonlyamonthwhenHitlermarchedintoPoland.

TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-over.InsteadshejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.

ThedarkyearsofWorldWarIIworeon.Onebyone,themembersofNina'slargeandwealthyfamilywerearrestedandsenttoconcentration:camps.Heradoredolderbrotherwastakenfirst,thenherfather,thenNinaandherotherbrothersandsisters.Theywereseparatedandsenttodifferentcamps.Ninafranticallyaskedfornewsofherfamilyfromeachprisonerwhocametohercamp.Drearymonthdraggedbybeforethetragicnewsreachedherthatherbelovedbrotherhadbeenkilledfromanti-Naziactivities.Herfather,too,wasdead—ofstarvation.

Dazedwithgrief,shenolongercaredwhethershelivedordied.Sixmonthslater,whenliberatingtroopsarrivedandthrewopentheprisongates,shewassothinthatshecouldhardlywalk.

Barelyawarethatthewarwasover;Ninalistlesslybegantopickupthethreadsofherlife.Shewasreunitedwithwhatwasleftofherfamily,andtheytriedtomakesomesortoflifeforthemselvesinwar-tomPoland.Shebegantofeelvaguestirringsoftheold,familiardesiretodance,butshewasstilltoodepressedandweaktopractice.Heryoungerbrothertriedtoencourageher.Hebegantopracticewithher,andsoontheyhadbuiltupacharminglittledanceroutineoftheirown.TogethertheyfounddancingengagementsinmanyWarsawnightspots.ThefamilydecidedthatthebestfutureforNinaasadancerwasintheUnitedSates,andtheystartedsavingmoneyforhertomakethetrip.

NinaarrivedinNewYorkin1947—aslightgirlwhosetragicdarkeyesheldtheonlyhintoftheheartbreakshehadbeenthrough.ShesentaboutlearningtospeakEnglishandtookintensiveballetlessonstoretrainherstill-frailbody.SheappliedforapositioninthecorpsdeballetoftheBalletRussedeMonteCarloin1948,andwasaccepted.Sheworkedhard,determinedtorisetothetop.Fouryearslater,shehadmadethegrade-shewasthetop-rankingballerinawiththeBalletRussedeMonteCarlo.

ThebitterwarhadbroughtNinaheartbreakandhaddrivenhertothevergeofphysicalcollapse.Butinspiteofthis;shesaystoday,"Alwaysinlife,Ihaveluck—reallyhaveluck!"Sheinsiststhatitwasluckthatbroughthertwoofhergreatestroles.ThefirstwasSwan-HildainCoppelia.Ninadancedthatroleonthreedays’noticewhentheBalletRussedeMonteCarlowasinChicago.ReplacingDanilova,whowasill,shedancedsowellthatshegotravenoticesfromtheChicagocritics.

Itwasluckagain,accordingtoNinathatbroughthertheroleinMutewifeforwhichsheisbestknown.Theleadingballerinahadanargumentwiththechoreographerandwalkedout.Ninasteppedin.

ShehaswonaleadingroleinalmosteveryballetoftheBalletRusse.Stilldrivenbyambition,sheissodedicatedtoherprofessionthatnothingelsematterstoher.NinaNovakhastakenforhercreedthewordsofherteacheroflongago:"Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeither,foryoumustalwaysimprove."

1.WhenNinawastakenintothePolishOperaCompany,shewas（）.

2.Ofthefollowingevents,thefirsttooccurwas（）.

3.WhydidNinarefusetodanceatthetheatertakenoverbytheGermans?

4.Itismostaccuratetosaythatthewar（）.

5.Ninathinksthatshe（）.

問題1選項

A.thestarorprimaballerina

B.theyoungestdancer

C.stillabeginner

D.theleadingprofessionaldancer

問題2選項

A.theGermaninvasionofPoland

B.Nina'sEuropeantour

C.TheWorld'sFairinNewYork

D.Nina'sbecominga'realprofessionaldancer

問題3選項

A.Becauseshewantedtodanceinalargetheatre.

B.Becauseshewasnolongerinterestedindancing.

C.BecauseshedidnotwanttodancefortheGermans.

D.Becauseshewasillandtooweaktodance.

問題4選項

A.didnotaffectNina'sdevotiontodancing

B.almostruinedNina'swholelife

C.changedNina'smostimportantgoals

D.hadagreatinfluenceonNina'scharacters

問題5選項

A.stillmustprovetoothersthatshecandance

B.stillmustworkatlearningtodance

C.hasatlastreachedhergoal

D.hadmadegreatachievementsindancing.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題，根據(jù)原文第四段Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.可知，Nina在十三歲時進入波蘭戲劇公司，是最年輕的舞蹈演員。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由原文第四段Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.可知，在進入PolishOperaCompany之后，Nina參與了一個長期的歐洲巡演。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

3.C推理判斷題。由原文第六段TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-overInsteadhejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.可知，入侵的德國人下令，任何沒有工作的人都將被送到勞改營。冒著極大的危險，Nina拒絕在德國人占領(lǐng)的大劇院里跳舞，而是加入了一群波蘭舞者，在一個設(shè)備簡陋的小劇院里，只為自己的同胞表演。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，戰(zhàn)爭給Nina的人生和舞蹈生涯都帶來了很大的打擊。她的家人在戰(zhàn)爭中相繼被迫害，她自己也被送到了集中營，但是她始終都保持著對舞蹈的熱愛和追求。A選項didnotaffectNina’sdevotiontodancing“沒有影響Nina對舞蹈的熱愛”符合題意，故正確答案為A項。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一段Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeitherforyoumustalwaysimprove.可知，Nina的信條是不要相信別人對自己的否定，也不要滿足于別人對自己的贊揚，人需要不斷提升自我。所以B項“她認(rèn)為自己仍然需要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，提高技藝”符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B項。

9.單選題

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.Whenourskincomesintocontactwithobjectshavinghightemperaturesorwithliquidair,theimmediateexperiencesmaybesimilar.Wecannot,however,concludewithouterrorthatthetemperaturesofthesubstancestouchedarethesame.Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.

Everyinquiryarisesfromsomefeltproblem,sothatnoinquirycanevengetunderwayunlesssomeselectionorsiftingofthesubjectmatterhastakenplace.Suchselectionrequires,wehavebeenurgingallalong,somehypothesis,preconception,prejudice,whichguidestheresearchaswellasdelimitsthesubjectmatterofinquiry.Everyinquiryisspecificinthesensethatithasadefiniteproblemtosolve,andsuchsolutionterminatestheinquiry.Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.

Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.Theproblemswhichmeetusindailylifecanbesolved,iftheycanbesolvedatall,bytheapplicationofscientificmethod.Butsuchproblemsdonot,asarule,raisefar-reachingissues.Themoststrikingapplicationsofscientificmethodaretobefoundinthevariousnaturalandsocialsciences.

The“facts”forwhicheveryinquiryreachesoutarepropositionsforwhosetruththereisconsiderableevidence.Consequentlywhatthe“facts”aremustbedeterminedbyinquiry,andcannotbedeterminedantecedentlytoinquiry.Moreover,whatwebelievetobethefactsclearlydependsuponthestageofourinquiry.Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.Duringanyinquirythestatusofapropositionmaychangefromthatofhypothesistothatoffact,orfromthatoffacttothatofhypothesis.Everyso-calledfact,therefore,maybechallengedfortheevidenceuponwhichitisassertedtobeafact,eventhoughnosuchchallengeisactuallymade.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Thephrase“irrespectiveof”inthepassageisclosestinmeani