考研考博-英語-廣西科技師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西科技師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Icouldn’tbepresentmyself,butIsentmy（）tothemeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delegate

B.specimen

C.representative

D.representation

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我本人不能親自出席，可我派了代表出席會(huì)議。

考查名詞辨析。Delegate代表，代表團(tuán)成員，指委派到別處代某一機(jī)構(gòu)或某（些）人行事的人；specimen樣本，抽樣；representative代表，代銷人，詞義較廣，可指選舉或委派的代表，還可表示某一種人的代表人物；representation表現(xiàn)，陳述。根據(jù)前半句句意可知C符合句意。

2.寫作題

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

3.單選題

Maryfinallydecided（）allthejunkshehadkeptinthegarage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getrid

B.gottenridof

C.gettingridof

D.togetridof

【答案】D

【解析】固定介詞搭配。decidetodosth.決定做某事。所以，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。electrical有關(guān)電的；artificial人造的；electronic電子的；genuine真實(shí)的，誠(chéng)懇的。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)文件是電子數(shù)據(jù)的集合，用來組織計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和處理。這里指電子數(shù)據(jù)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

Thesewerestubbornmen,noteasily（

）tochangetheirmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tilted

B.converted

C.persuaded

D.suppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞和動(dòng)詞的過去分詞辨析。Tiltled“傾斜的”；converted“修改的，改變的”；persuaded“說服，勸說”；suppressed“抑制的”。句意：他們很固執(zhí)，不容易被說服改變注意。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toll

B.figure

C.span

D.yield

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。toll“傷亡人數(shù)，代價(jià)”；figure“數(shù)字，圖形”；span“跨度，范圍”；yield“產(chǎn)量，收益”。句意：一輛豪華特快列車在印度東部一座橋上脫軌，造成至少50人當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡。據(jù)北方鐵路發(fā)言人表示，死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人數(shù)”，符合句意。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘受流行趨勢(shì)的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘在作者看來，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項(xiàng)“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘人類歷史上人們對(duì)體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財(cái)富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財(cái)富和幸福的象征。”確定A選項(xiàng)“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對(duì)那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)息息相關(guān)。不過除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更主要是飲食而非體重問題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實(shí)際上會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)?！笨芍髡咛岢龇逝?、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者從什么方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrangefor“安排、安頓”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說明、解釋”；C選項(xiàng)allowfor“考慮到、估計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求”，句意為：這趟旅行通常需要五個(gè)星期，但你應(yīng)該把惡劣天氣造成的延誤考慮在內(nèi)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。inform“通知，告訴”；appease“安撫，緩和，對(duì)...讓步”；provoke“激怒，使惱怒，煽動(dòng)”；deceive“欺騙”；根據(jù)句意‘有關(guān)傾倒在小區(qū)的有毒廢物的駭人真相（

）了很多社區(qū)成員。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測(cè)出電流的微弱變化。

【答案】

Thisissuchasensitiveammeterthatitcanmeasureaslightchangeinthecurrent.

11.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。atthecostof以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.填空題

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Menareveryclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofclothesreflectbasicqualitiesof

A

B

C

D

stabilityandreliability?

【答案】Cveryclever改為tooclever

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定句型。

【解題思路】too...to是固定句型，意思為“太……而不能”，指的是男性非常聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被服裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙，因此C部分應(yīng)為tooclever。

【句意】如果對(duì)比男性和女性對(duì)于時(shí)尚的看法，得出的結(jié)論顯而易見。男性很聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙。他們不變的服裝款式是否反映了穩(wěn)定可靠的基本品質(zhì)呢？

13.單選題

Therewasnowaytoindependently______theidentityofthemenkilledandarrestedonSaturdaynight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verify

B.acknowledge

C.express

D.confess

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí)，查證”，B項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”，C項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)”，D項(xiàng)confess“坦白”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞theidentityofthemenkilledandarrested（被逮捕和殺害人員的身份）可知，空格部分表示“查驗(yàn)身份”，A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：目前還無法獨(dú)立核實(shí)周六晚上被殺和被捕人員的身份。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?

Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.

Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.

Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.

Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.

ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.

Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.

1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.

2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.

3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.

4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.

5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itiscolor-blind

B.itisraciallydiscriminative

C.itawardswrongresearchworkers

D.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurvey

B.shockedgovernmentscientificpanels

C.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSociety

D.alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabs

B.settingupascientificcareerladder

C.hidingtheracialdiscrimination

D.belittlingracialbackgrounds

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEurope

B.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillance

C.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblack

D.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thenatureofscience

B.credibilityofscience

C.anembarrassingtokenism

D.mutualtrustbetweengenerations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科學(xué)上取得進(jìn)步的人是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ?，而不是他們的膚色?？茖W(xué)是任人唯賢的，是客觀的。因此，它必須嚴(yán)格無視膚色，避免種族歧視和平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知種族歧視是科學(xué)不那么任人唯賢的原因，所以B選項(xiàng)“它是種族歧視的”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它是色盲的”；C選項(xiàng)“它獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)錯(cuò)誤的研究人員”；D選項(xiàng)“是白色人種獨(dú)有的”均不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（當(dāng)《新聞周刊》最近對(duì)歐洲最大的100家公司進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，令人震驚的是，只有6名非歐洲種族血統(tǒng)的董事會(huì)成員。一想到對(duì)歐洲科學(xué)界高層進(jìn)行的類似調(diào)查將揭示出什么，人們就會(huì)不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了文章中提到的尷尬的問題，即種族歧視確實(shí)存在，所以A選項(xiàng)“《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“震驚政府科學(xué)小組”；C選項(xiàng)“由皇家學(xué)會(huì)披露”；D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”都不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科學(xué)事業(yè)的階梯上也有積極的變化。目前，歐洲幾乎沒有科學(xué)組織、資助機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室費(fèi)心去追蹤他們雇傭或資助的人的種族背景。）”，由此可知對(duì)種族背景關(guān)心的淡化是發(fā)生的積極變化之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“輕視種族背景”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“資助研究機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)“建立科學(xué)的職業(yè)階梯”；C選項(xiàng)“隱藏種族歧視”都與題干無關(guān)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，僅靠種族監(jiān)控并不能創(chuàng)造出歐洲科學(xué)迫切需要的黑人榜樣。還需要一些別的東西。資助機(jī)構(gòu)和像英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)這樣有影響力的組織必須忍受平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知平權(quán)行動(dòng)是為了建立黑人榜樣，所以A選項(xiàng)“在歐洲建立黑人榜樣”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“保持種族問題在監(jiān)視之下”；C選項(xiàng)“限制黑人的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和補(bǔ)助金”；D選項(xiàng)“平衡研究金和補(bǔ)助金在白人和黑人之間的分配”都不符合原文，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科學(xué)家不能反映出他們所生活的多種族社會(huì)，他們將發(fā)現(xiàn)很難贏得他們渴望的公眾信任。膚色有關(guān)系嗎?當(dāng)然了。）”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為膚色對(duì)科學(xué)的可信度有很大關(guān)系，科學(xué)家只有尊重不同膚色的社會(huì)，才會(huì)取得公眾信任，所以B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的可信度”正確。A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)“尷尬的表面文章”；D選項(xiàng)“世代之間的相互信任”說法都不正確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

16.單選題

Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.

Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.

Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.

InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.

TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.

Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.

WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.

Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.

Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.

Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.

TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.

ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.

Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.

IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.

Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.

Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.

1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries（

）.

2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare

（

）.

3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis

（

）.

4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020

（

）.

5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020

B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld

C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS

D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rareindevelopedcountries

B.mostprevalentinIndonesia

C.commoninRwanda

D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.higherthanthatinIndia

B.lowerthanthatinMexico

C.higherthanthatinIndonesia

D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased

B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople

C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize

D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries

B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem

C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren

D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“撒哈拉以南非洲國(guó)家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá)，那里一位母親至少有八個(gè)或九個(gè)小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“有世界上最強(qiáng)的繁殖能力”符合題意，

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章稱青少年當(dāng)母親……”。提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá)，那里一位母親至少有八個(gè)或九個(gè)小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知在盧旺達(dá)生孩子的年齡偏小是中普遍現(xiàn)象，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“美國(guó)人口增長(zhǎng)率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美國(guó)高的青少年為人母比率高，它的出生率現(xiàn)在跟上了印度尼西亞和非洲的部分地區(qū)，比墨西哥，印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”（Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan），由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中的實(shí)際數(shù)字，我們知道到2020年的時(shí)候……”。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“隨著世界人口老齡化，到2020年，60歲以上的人口將超過10億，而5歲以下的人口總數(shù)將達(dá)到7.71億”（Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million），選項(xiàng)B“將出現(xiàn)比例失調(diào)的老年人數(shù)量”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同國(guó)家的人口出生率，以及最后提到世界人口老齡化程度加劇，都說明世界人口分布將發(fā)生變化，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“涉及”；B選項(xiàng)tackle“應(yīng)付，處理”；C選項(xiàng)file“提出”；D選項(xiàng)attach“附加”。句意：盡管許多專家同意越來越多的兒童超重，但對(duì)于解決這個(gè)問題的最佳方法仍存在爭(zhēng)論。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

18.單選題

Thejetairlinerhas（）fromtheWrightbrothers,smallairplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involved

B.evolved

C.devolved

D.revolved

【答案】B

【解析】本題是同形詞辨析題。involved“包含”；evolved“進(jìn)化”；devolved“移交”；revolved“旋轉(zhuǎn)”，由“噴氣客機(jī)”與“萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)”之間的關(guān)系我們可以知道萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)是噴氣客機(jī)的前身，此處應(yīng)該使用evolved這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，“evolvefrom”是“從……演變過來”的意思，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：噴氣客機(jī)是由萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)演變過來的。

19.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢(shì)力之間的一種外部沖突。’可知是將生活看作是一種外部沖突。A選項(xiàng)external“外部的，外部”;B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的”；C選項(xiàng)maternal“母性的”；D選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.

Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.

Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.

Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.

Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.

1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.

2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed

（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe

（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developstudents’personalitybycreativity

B.don’thavefre