考研考博-英語-廣東省外語藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東省外語藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意：教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎(chǔ)上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.翻譯題

各學(xué)科的發(fā)展日新月異，令人稱奇，但衡量知識、能力的方法卻依然如故，非常原始。迄今為止，教育工作還沒有找到比考試更有效、更可靠的方法，著實(shí)有點(diǎn)離奇。盡管有不少人認(rèn)定，考試能衡量出一個人的知識水平，但實(shí)際情況恰恰相反，這是有目共睹的。要想考察一個人死記硬背的本事和在極大壓力下快速答題的技巧，考試或許是個不錯的辦法。然而，特別是對藝術(shù)學(xué)科來說，要想了解一個人的藝術(shù)稟賦資質(zhì)和藝術(shù)實(shí)際能力如何，考試是考不出名堂來的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

3.單選題

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absolute意為“絕對的，完全的”；unparalleled意為“無比的，空前的”；elaborate意為“復(fù)雜的，詳盡的”；obsessive意為“著迷的”。

句意：工程學(xué)為男性和女性提供一個前所未有的機(jī)會，通過開發(fā)解決社會問題的工程解決方案來讓他們體驗(yàn)改善人類生活質(zhì)量的樂趣。

4.單選題

Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.

Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.

Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.

Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.

Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.

Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.

Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.

Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.

Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.

Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.

1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein（）.

4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?

5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter（）years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf

B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor

C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney

D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.

B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.

C.Theriskofcancersteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

D.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gastrointestinalcancers

B.esophagealcancers

C.lungcancers

D.pancreaticcancers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fourtoeightyears

B.threetosevenyears

C.sixtoeightyears

D.fivetoeightyears

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.15

B.5

C.10

D.20

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中提到的over-the-counter(OTC)即我們常說的非處方藥，是指為方便公眾用藥，在保證用藥安全的前提下，經(jīng)國家衛(wèi)生行政部門規(guī)定或?qū)彾ê螅恍枰t(yī)師或其他醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員開寫處方即可購買的藥品，一般公眾憑自我判斷，按照藥品標(biāo)簽及使用說明就可自行使用。A選項(xiàng)“在貨架上的顧客接觸范圍內(nèi)”說法太寬泛；B選項(xiàng)“不需要醫(yī)生的處方”說法正確；C選項(xiàng)“不用付太多錢”說法錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“在醫(yī)療保險范圍內(nèi)”說法錯誤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.（每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上）”；第九段“Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.（這可能對乳腺癌和卵巢癌有影響，但沒有足夠的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)來證明這一點(diǎn)。）”；第十段“Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.（羅思韋爾認(rèn)為，如果人們從45歲或50歲左右開始服用阿司匹林20-30年，他們可能會大幅降低患癌癥的風(fēng)險，而癌癥風(fēng)險會隨著人們年齡的增長而穩(wěn)步增加。）”以及第二段“Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.（每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上?！保籆選項(xiàng)“隨著人們年齡的增長，患癌癥的風(fēng)險穩(wěn)步增加?！币约癉選項(xiàng)“每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險?！闭f法都正確，只有B選項(xiàng)“阿司匹林對乳腺癌和卵巢癌有療效?！闭f法錯誤，因此該題B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.（這種效果在胃腸道癌癥中最為明顯，死亡率下降了54%。）”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)“胃腸道癌癥”正確；B選項(xiàng)“食管癌”；C選項(xiàng)“肺癌”；D選項(xiàng)“胰腺癌”均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirin...afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在患者服用阿司匹林5年或更長時間后，阿司匹林的效果似乎對……更有效）”，由此可知年限的最低值需大于或等于5年的基礎(chǔ)之上，A選項(xiàng)“4到8年”；B選項(xiàng)“3到7年”；C選項(xiàng)“6到8年”都不符合該基礎(chǔ)，D選項(xiàng)“5到8年”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.（對于胃癌和結(jié)腸直腸癌，效果是在10年后看到的，而對于前列腺癌則是在15年后看到的。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweunderstandtheprinciplesonwhichoursocietywasfounded.Toooftentheseprinciplesaredisregardedbytheverypeoplewhoaremostvociferousindefendingthecountryagainstcriticism.Basictoourdemocracyisabeliefthattruthcanonlybearrivedatthroughafreeinterchangeofideas.Freedomofspeechisoneofourmostcherishedvalues.Nevertheless,withatotaldisregardoftheprinciplesofdemocraticfairplay,theaveragecitizenisapttohurlrashaccusationsinanattempttosilenceanyonewhomaynotagreewithhim.Toomanycitizensunderstanddemocracyonlyasasloganandhavenorealconceptthatdemocracyinpracticemeanswemusttoleratetheexpressionofunpopularideas.

Ourlistofdeadlysinsshouldberevisedtoincludethemisrepresentationofprinciplestogratifyone’spersonalspiteorvanity,thebetrayalofgreatcausesbymakingthemthecloakforpersonaladvancement,andthedebasementofhighidealsbyusingthemasapretextforthecalumniationofhonorablemen.

Thecommongoodshouldnotbemadeapoliticalfootball,fortheonlythingthatbindsmenisacommontrust,thethingthatunitesthemisacausetheyshare.Thatcausemustbesomethinggreaterthanmerepersonalpromotion.Thecauseforwhichmenliveandfightcannotappealtotheirpocketbookalone,butmustalsoappealtotheirhearts.

Letustakealessonfromthoserevolutionarieswhopromiseimpoverishedpeoplenotonlylandbutalsoavision.Itistruethattheirpoliciesoftencontradictthepromisestheymade,buttheyfirstwintheirwaybyproclaimingavisionwhichinspirespeople.Leninhimself,thesupremetechnicianofpolicy,knewhecouldnotachievehisendssimplybyplayingupdiscontents,masterashewasatthatgame.Heknewhecouldnotwinthepeopleovermerelybystirringuphatredsorappealingtoself-interest.Thepeoplemustfeelthethrobofagreatercause,glimpseavisionofabetterworld.

Thisvisionisparticularlynecessarytowintheloyaltiesoftheyoung.Wecertainlywillnotinspirethemifwemakeourcaseonthegroundthatcapitalisticplanningismoreefficientthansocialisticplanning.Efficientforwhat?Andforwhom?Theplannersaresometimesefficientenoughinseekingtheirowngainattheexpenseofthecommongood.No,wemustseekstrongerandhighergroundsifwearetoconvinceevenourselvesthatoursisthebestway.

Thatiswhyitisdeplorablethatinthiscountrywearesocomplacentaboutourheritage.Wedonotappreciatethestrengthandvitalityofthethingthatunitedus.Sowecarrylittleconvictionwhenwearechallengedtodefendourwayoflife.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof（）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectiveinterest

B.hostileantagonism

C.hesitantacceptance

D.enthusiasticapproval

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.falseandtreacherous

B.credibleandinspiring

C.ambiguousandconfusing

D.superficialandirrelevant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Self-interest.

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernations

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlands

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracy

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountry

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof______.1.作者對民主基本原則的態(tài)度顯然是一種______。

A.objectiveinterestA.客觀利益

B.hostileantagonismB.敵對態(tài)度

C.hesitantacceptanceC.猶豫的接受

D.enthusiasticapprovalD.熱情贊同

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的第一句“當(dāng)我們的政府形式受到許多不同信仰的人的批評時，我們必須理解（itisimportantthatweunderstand）我們社會賴以建立的原則”，從important（重要的）和understand（理解）可推測出，作者對民主基本原則的態(tài)度是熱情的贊成，所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“客觀利益”沒有提到，無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“敵對態(tài)度”和C項(xiàng)“猶豫的接受”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe______.2.作者暗示說，貧困的人們通常認(rèn)為革命者的承諾是______。

A.falseandtreacherousA.錯誤和危險的

B.credibleandinspiringB.可靠和鼓舞人心的

C.ambiguousandconfusingC.模糊和混淆的

D.superficialandirrelevantD.膚淺和無關(guān)緊要的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段第二句“他們的政策常常與他們所作的承諾相矛盾，但他們首先是通過宣布一個鼓舞人心的愿景（avisionwhichinspirespeople）來贏得勝利的”，從中可知，作者暗示窮人往往認(rèn)為革命者做出的承諾是鼓舞人心的。B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“錯誤和危險的”、C項(xiàng)“模糊和混淆的”和D項(xiàng)“膚淺和無關(guān)緊要的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?3.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，以下哪項(xiàng)最能將人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來？

A.Self-interest.A.利己主義。

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.B.經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的壓力。

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.C.對普通壓迫者的不滿。

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.D.創(chuàng)造更美好世界的共同理想。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“把人們凝聚在一起的唯一東西是共同的信任，把人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的東西是他們共同的事業(yè)”，可知將人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的是共同的信任和事業(yè)，這與D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造更美好世界的共同理想”表述相符合，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“利己主義”、B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的壓力”和C項(xiàng)“對普通壓迫者的不滿”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都不能將人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來，與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto______.4.作者在文章中的主要目的是為了______。

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernationsA.贊揚(yáng)其他國家的宣傳方法

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlandsB.鼓勵在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)推廣民主

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracyC.敦促人們更加獻(xiàn)身于民主的理想

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountryD.批評那些把個人利益置于國家利益之上的人

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“太多的公民只把民主理解為一種口號，而沒有真正的概念，即民主在實(shí)踐中意味著我們必須容忍不受歡迎的思想的表達(dá)”，綜合理解全文可知，整個文章都在講民主原則以及對它的正確理解，鼓勵人們?yōu)閯?chuàng)立一個更加美好的世界而努力，所以作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是敦促大家更多地獻(xiàn)身于民主的理想。該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“贊揚(yáng)其他國家的宣傳方法”和B項(xiàng)“鼓勵在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)推廣民主”在文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“批評那些把個人利益置于國家利益之上的人”在文中雖然提到了，但并不是文章主旨，屬于以偏概全。

6.單選題

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推斷“culprits”是對“反疫苗者”的介紹。因此D項(xiàng)“做壞事（不道德行為）的某人”正確。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(與非洲貧困地區(qū)相比，部分西方國家的疫苗接種率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A項(xiàng)“那些拒絕為孩子接種所有疫苗的人”。

3.判斷推理題。A:在疾病預(yù)防上，富裕國家沒有貧窮國家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但對于一些需要接種疫苗而疫苗存在安全隱患的疾病來說，上述模式正好相反。許多落后國家實(shí)施高效疫苗接種方案)。因此A正確。B:富國正在努力根除，而貧窮國家卻不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消滅疾病是發(fā)達(dá)國家提出的目標(biāo)，落后的國家則要很努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))。C:他們在富國找不到出路，只有在窮國。文章并未體現(xiàn)此項(xiàng)。D:僅僅在貧窮國家卷土重來。根據(jù)第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D項(xiàng)錯誤。因此，本題選A。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消滅)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。A:如果人們接種疫苗，那么所有疾病將根除。此選項(xiàng)在文中找不到依據(jù)。B：反疫苗者可能成為爆發(fā)的源頭，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槿壕印５箶?shù)第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因?yàn)樗麄兇蠖酁槿壕由?，這可能使得他們成為疾病爆發(fā)的源頭)，因此B項(xiàng)符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。C:自閉癥和MMR疫苗之間有聯(lián)系。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella(許多人曾被一個說法所動搖，該說法聲稱麻疹、腮腺炎、風(fēng)疹三聯(lián)疫苗（MMR疫苗）會導(dǎo)致自閉癥一一這一說法后遭拆穿)，因此C項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。D:太多疫苗會使得孩子的免疫系統(tǒng)超負(fù)荷。很多家長推遲或選擇性接種疫苗的原因，不是作者的態(tài)度。因此選B。

7.單選題

FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性銫）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.

Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded.

"Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."

Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.

ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservationsin.eachJapaneseareaandcomputer-simulatedparticledispersion,modelsbasedonweatherpatterns.

JapanhasbeenonalertfortheimpactofradiationsinceanearthquakeandresultingtsunamistruckthenortheastofthecountryonMarch11,damagingtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.

ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect?

2.Fukushimaatomicdisaster’sdirectcauseis（

）.

3.Theradiationdidn’tgointo

（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichattitudedoestheJapanesehave?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Japanesefarmlandisnolongersafebecauseoftheneighboringfarmlandishighlypolluted.

B.Theconcentrationsinsoilofthesumofcaesium.-134andcaesium-137cannotexceed5,000becquerelsperkilogram.

C.Miyagi,TochigiandIbarakiareasexceedthelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoil.

D.Japaneseconsumersfromaffectedregionsdon’tworryaboutthepotentialhealtheffectsofthefoodatall.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefallingoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant

B.thehurricane

C.thefoodproductionis“severelyimpaired’

D.notmentioned

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theocean

B.theair

C.thecoolingsystem

D.thefoodchain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Angry.

B.Worried.

C.Scared.

D.Unconcerned.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.A選項(xiàng)表達(dá)太絕對，排除，C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段‘someneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"確定是’接近于‘不是’超過‘所以排除，D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)最后一段’ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.來自受影響地區(qū)的一些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品已被停止發(fā)貨，即便是那些不受官方控制的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，也沒有得到日本消費(fèi)者的青睞，他們擔(dān)心這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能對健康造成影響。確定與原文不符，排除，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.文章第一段提到Fukushimaatomicdisaster，但是全文并沒有提及原因，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句‘Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.破壞的福島核電站反應(yīng)堆冷卻系統(tǒng)是把線下和被派往崩潰,導(dǎo)致輻射泄漏,進(jìn)入空氣,海洋和食物鏈。可知ABD選項(xiàng)正確，C選項(xiàng)沒有提及，選擇C。

4.通過閱讀全文以及最后一段，可以知道日本人對這個問題是擔(dān)心的，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:男性說到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”，說明韓國人的預(yù)期壽命會在2030年領(lǐng)先。

第2題:最后一句說到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”，說明在英國，喝酒的現(xiàn)象很多，因此D選項(xiàng)“大量飲酒”正確。

第3題:對話以一個問句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy（你認(rèn)為哪個國家的預(yù)期壽命最高）”開頭，再講到了日本、韓國、英國及法國的一些情況，說明本段對話講的主題就是各個國家的預(yù)期壽命情況，C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。compliment恭維，稱贊；ailment疾病，多指小??；implement工具，器具；commitment承諾，保證。句意：據(jù)說這種藥可以治療各種各樣的疾病，從感冒到背痛都可以。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周圍”，B項(xiàng)clatter“發(fā)出嘩啦聲，喧鬧的談笑”，C項(xiàng)clutch“緊握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D項(xiàng)clutter“使凌亂，胡亂地填滿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起圍著火堆唱歌”可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合句子語境。句意：許多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周圍唱歌。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔(dān)這份工作是因?yàn)樗麚碛械墓ぷ鹘?jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項(xiàng)“隨意地”符合句意。

12.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insincere“不誠懇的”，形容詞；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；premature“過早發(fā)生的事物；早產(chǎn)兒”;presumption“假定，推定”。根據(jù)conclusion“結(jié)論”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前”可知“稱為推定”符合語境，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economics“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”；B選項(xiàng)economic“adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約；理財”；D選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的；合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義，一般用作定語；economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)