考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津?yàn)I海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津?yàn)I海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時(shí)刻才被允許提前離開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Ioftenspeakofourdistrict’sperformancedatawithsadness.Thesituationforourcity’schildrenisterrible.YetwhileIacknowledgetheseriousnessoftheworkweface,Iwanttobeclearaboutsomething:Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels.

Ihavetalkedwithtoomanyteacherstobelievethisistheirfault.Ihavewatchedthempourtheirenergyintoengagingeverystudent.Iknowtheyareworkingfuriouslyinasystemthatformanyyearshasnotappreciatedthem—sometimesnotevenpayingthemontimeorprovidingtextbooks.Thosewhocategoricallyblameteachersforthefailuresofoursystemaresimplywrong.

Rather,teachersarethesolutiontothevexingproblemsfacingurbaneducation.

Inthecomingweeks,wewillsubmitafinalproposalforanewteachercontract.Throughitandotherreforms,wecancreate,together,themosteffectiveeducatorforceinthecountry.Ourkeygoals:

Agrowthmodelofachievement.Manyteachersinheritclassesofstudentswhoarefarbehindacademically.Yetsometeachers,evenwithminimalsupport,movetheirstudentstwotothreegradelevelsaheadinayear.Teacherswillnotbeevaluatedonanabsolutemeasurebutonhowfartheytaketheirstudents.

Protectionfromarbitraryfirings.Someteachersareconcernedaprincipalmaywanttofirethemforreasonsunrelatedtoperformance.Whileprincipalswhodothisrisktheirownjobs(firingeffectiveteachersisasurewaytolowerschoolachievement),wewillensureprotectionsforteachers.Weneedafairandtransparentprocess,freefrombiasandhaste,designedwithteachers’input.

Professionaldevelopmentandsupport.Teachershavetoldmethatmanyoftheirhesitationsaboutthecontractcenteronthepressuresthatteachersface:“Whatifmyschooldoesnotsupportme?WhatifIamworkingmytailoffandIstillhaveweekswhenmypatienceisthinandthingsbeyondmycontrolarecausingproblems?”

Ourproposalwillprovideaframeworktonavigatethesequestionswithstrongprogramstosupportanddevelopteachersasprofessionals.Neitherwillweforgetthesmallthingsthatcanweighdowngreatteachers.Forexample,wewanttoreimbursethosewhobuysuppliesfortheirclassroomsorusetheircellphonestocallstudentsandfamilies.Wewanttocompensateteacherswhentheycoverclassesforothers.Iwasateacher.Iknowhowthesethingsaddup.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.appreciative

B.indifferent

C.ironic

D.critical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsideration

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasure

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progress

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.teachers

B.students

C.payments

D.supports

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?21.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.A.學(xué)生成績(jī)不好，老師有責(zé)任。

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.B.這個(gè)城市的教育系統(tǒng)有改進(jìn)的空間。

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.C.現(xiàn)在的孩子越來(lái)越調(diào)皮了。

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.D.市政當(dāng)局以錯(cuò)誤的方式指責(zé)教師。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“那些把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師的人是完全錯(cuò)誤的”，以及第三段“相反，教師是城市教育面臨的棘手問(wèn)題的解決方案”，從中可知，城市教育急需要解決現(xiàn)有問(wèn)題，故推測(cè)城市教育系統(tǒng)還需要改進(jìn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文第一段第三句“……但我想澄清一點(diǎn)：我并不因?yàn)槌煽?jī)低而責(zé)怪教師（Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels）”以及第二段第一句“我和太多的老師談過(guò)，都不相信這是他們的錯(cuò)”可知A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到有人錯(cuò)誤地把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這就是市政當(dāng)局，屬于曲解原文。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.22.作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度的態(tài)度是______。

A.appreciativeA.贊賞的

B.indifferentB.冷漠的

C.ironicC.諷刺的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)一段第二句“我們城市的孩子們的情況很糟糕（terrible）”，以及第二段倒數(shù)第二句“我知道，他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)多年來(lái)不欣賞他們的體系中拼命工作，有時(shí)甚至不按時(shí)支付薪水或提供教科書(shū)”，從terrible和作者對(duì)教育體系的描述可知，作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度是批判的態(tài)度。因此，選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.23.作者所說(shuō)的“成就增長(zhǎng)模式”可能是指______。

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsiderationA.應(yīng)考慮校長(zhǎng)的支持

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasureB.學(xué)生的成績(jī)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progressC.教師應(yīng)該以學(xué)生的進(jìn)步來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportantD.教師知識(shí)的廣博是重要的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的信息agrowthmodelofachievement定位至第五段：“許多老師所教的班級(jí)里的學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。然而，一些老師，即使是最基本的幫助，也能在一年內(nèi)讓他們的學(xué)生進(jìn)步兩到三個(gè)年級(jí)水平。教師的評(píng)價(jià)將不會(huì)以絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量，而是看他們對(duì)學(xué)生做了多少（howfartheytaketheirstudents）。”，從中可知，該段講述的“成就增長(zhǎng)模式”是指在衡量一個(gè)教師的成就時(shí)不應(yīng)該片面地通過(guò)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)，而是要以教師為使學(xué)生進(jìn)步所做的事情為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?24.校長(zhǎng)在什么情況下會(huì)解雇一名教師？

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.A.如果他/她表現(xiàn)不好。

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.B.如果他/她的學(xué)生成績(jī)不好。

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.C.如果有充足的教師供應(yīng)。

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.D.如果他/她拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息fire定位至文章第六段，根據(jù)第二句“一些教師擔(dān)心，校長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)以與他們的表現(xiàn)無(wú)關(guān)的理由解雇他們”，以及第三句“雖然校長(zhǎng)們這樣做是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)，解雇有效率的老師肯定會(huì)降低學(xué)校的成就，但我們會(huì)確保教師的保護(hù)”，從中可知，校長(zhǎng)會(huì)以與教師表現(xiàn)無(wú)關(guān)的理由解雇他們，這是一種冒險(xiǎn)；所以我們推斷校長(zhǎng)解雇教師，是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)的情況下發(fā)生的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B、C選項(xiàng)都是校長(zhǎng)解雇教師的理由，但是不夠全面，屬于以偏概全。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.25.作者和他的同事提交的提議將集中在______上。

A.teachersA.老師

B.studentsB.學(xué)生

C.paymentsC.支付方面

D.supportsD.支持方面

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞proposal可以定位至文章最后一段，第一句提到“我們的建議將提供一個(gè)框架，通過(guò)強(qiáng)有力的項(xiàng)目來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題，以支持和發(fā)展教師成為專(zhuān)業(yè)人員”，可知，提議的目的就是支持和發(fā)展教師成為專(zhuān)業(yè)人員，所以將集中在老師方面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.翻譯題

當(dāng)中國(guó)成為世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體時(shí)，我們會(huì)有什么感受？答案不用多久就會(huì)揭曉。幾周前國(guó)際貨幣基金組織發(fā)布一項(xiàng)報(bào)告指出，中國(guó)將會(huì)在五年內(nèi)成為世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

隨著中國(guó)日益崛起成為超級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，一國(guó)的財(cái)富與個(gè)人財(cái)富的聯(lián)系正在被打破。中國(guó)既比西方國(guó)家富有，也比西方國(guó)家貧窮，它坐擁3萬(wàn)億美元的外匯儲(chǔ)備，然而如果按當(dāng)前匯率來(lái)計(jì)算，美國(guó)的人均財(cái)力是中國(guó)的十倍。

美國(guó)社會(huì)的相對(duì)富裕正是中國(guó)成為世界最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體之時(shí)卻不能成為世界最強(qiáng)國(guó)的原因之一。人們習(xí)慣性地把美國(guó)當(dāng)成是世界唯一超級(jí)大國(guó)，這也讓美國(guó)的世界政治主導(dǎo)地位比其經(jīng)濟(jì)地位更加長(zhǎng)久。美國(guó)在世界各大機(jī)構(gòu)中都有根深蒂固的地位。有一個(gè)很重要的事實(shí)是，聯(lián)合國(guó)，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織以及世界銀行均坐落于美國(guó)。中國(guó)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的崛起而引發(fā)的政治問(wèn)題，其鄰國(guó)的感受最為強(qiáng)烈。日本、南韓和澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和戰(zhàn)略利益正在日益分歧，這三個(gè)國(guó)家都與中國(guó)有非常重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系，同時(shí)它們與美國(guó)也有相當(dāng)重要的軍事聯(lián)系。但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，中國(guó)的不斷增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越舉足輕重。

【答案】HowwillitfeelwhenChinabecomestheworld’slargesteconomy?Theanswermaybefoundoutquitesoon.Afewweeksago,theInternationalMonetaryFundissuedareportthatChinawouldbenumberonewithinfiveyears.andmoreheavily.

AsChinaemergesasaneconomicsuperpower,theconnectionbetweennationalandpersonalaffluenceisbeingbroken.Chinaisbothricherandpoorerthanthewesternworld.Itissittingonforeignreservesworth$3trillion.Andyet,measuredatcurrentexchangerates,theaverageAmericanisabout10timesaswealthyastheaverageChinese.

TherelativeaffluenceofUSsocietyisonereasonwhyChinawillnotbecometheworld’smostpowerfulcountryonthedaythatitbecomesthelargesteconomy.Theworld’shabitoflookingtotheUSasthe“solesuperpower”alsomakesitlikelythatAmerica’spoliticaldominancewilloutlastitseconomicsupremacy.Americahasanentrenchedpositioninglobalinstitutions.ItmattersthattheUnitedNations,theIMFandtheWorldBankareallsituatedintheUS.

ThepoliticalquestionsraisedbyitseconomicpowerwillbefeltmostacutelyinChina’simmediateneighbourhood.Japan,SouthKoreaandAustralianowfindthattheireconomicandstrategicinterestsarepointingindifferentdirections.AllthreecountrieshavetheirmostimportanteconomicrelationshipwithChina,andtheirmostimportantmilitaryrelationshipwiththeUS.But,overtime,thegrowingeconomicpowerofChinawillweighmoreandmoreheavily.

4.單選題

Thereareplanstogiveeveryone（）insurance,allowleavefromworkforanyonewithasickchildorelderlyrelativetolookafter,andenforceaseven-daywaitforanyonewantingtobuyahandgun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affordedhealthy

B.affordablehealth

C.affordedhealth

D.affordablehealthy

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的give可知空格中應(yīng)該填入形容詞。afforded是動(dòng)詞afford的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，所以排除A和C項(xiàng)。affordable“買(mǎi)得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有計(jì)劃給予每個(gè)人買(mǎi)得起的健康保險(xiǎn)。healthinsurance“健康保險(xiǎn)”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Overthepasttenyears,naturalgasproductionhasremainedsteady,but（）hasrisensteadily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consumption

B.dissipation

C.disposal

D.expenditure

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。consumption“消費(fèi)”；dissipation“浪費(fèi)，消散”；disposal“處理，支配”；expenditure“支出，花費(fèi)”。句意：在過(guò)去十年里，天然氣產(chǎn)量保持穩(wěn)定，但是銷(xiāo)量卻穩(wěn)步上升。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid,“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.woulddo

B.wouldhavedone

C.did

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。under引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：在他的所作所為受到表?yè)P(yáng)后，他說(shuō)，“在更艱苦的條件下，我會(huì)做得更好。”因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet(棘皮動(dòng)物的管足)，underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.

Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-colorandearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.

Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfwhenitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theshapeofseacucumbersisimportantbecause（）.

3.Thefourthparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscuses（）.

4.Ofallthefeaturesoftheseacucumber,whichofthefollowingseemstofascinatetheauthormost?

5.Comparedwithotherseacreaturestheseacucumberisvery（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonfortheseacucumber’sname

B.whatmakestheseacucumberunusual

C.howtoidentifytheseacucumber

D.placeswheretheseacucumbercanbe

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itshelpsthemtodigesttheirfood

B.ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger

C.itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud

D.itmakesthemattractivetofish

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whatitdoeswhenthreatened

B.Whereitlives

C.Howithidesfrompredators

D.Whatiteats

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.intelligent

C.fat

D.strange

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句說(shuō)到Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒(méi)有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），而文章的其余部分都是圍繞這句話(huà)展開(kāi)，介紹了海參的種種奇特之處。所以B選項(xiàng)“什么讓海參與眾不同”符合文章的中心主旨。A選項(xiàng)“海參得名的原因”，C選項(xiàng)“如何識(shí)別海參”和D選項(xiàng)“海參可能在的地方”文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D不正確。

2.客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“shape”可以定位到文章第三段最后一句thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents（這種形狀，再加上柔韌性，使它們能夠擠進(jìn)裂縫中，在那里它們可以免受捕食者和洋流的傷害。），說(shuō)明海參的形狀能使它們躲避捕食者和洋流的傷害，所以B選項(xiàng)“幫助它們保護(hù)自己免受危險(xiǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助它們消化食物”，C選項(xiàng)“使它們更容易在泥中移動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“使它們對(duì)魚(yú)有吸引力”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到第四段，第四段第一句說(shuō)到Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods（雖然海參食欲旺盛，晝夜不停地進(jìn)食，但它們有能力靜止不動(dòng)，以低代謝率的方式生活——很少進(jìn)食或長(zhǎng)期不進(jìn)食。），可以得知第四段說(shuō)的是海參的進(jìn)食習(xí)慣，所以C選項(xiàng)“海參的進(jìn)食習(xí)慣”符合第四段的中心主旨。A選項(xiàng)“海參的繁殖”，B選項(xiàng)“海參的食物來(lái)源”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)海參生存的威脅”在第四段中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“fascinatetheauthormost”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.（但海參最引人注目的是它的自衛(wèi)方式。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為海參最吸引人的地方在于它遇到威脅時(shí)的自衛(wèi)方式，所以A選項(xiàng)“它受到威脅時(shí)的做法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它住在哪里”，C選項(xiàng)“它是如何躲避捕食者的”和D選項(xiàng)“它吃什么”雖然文章中有介紹，但都不是吸引作者的地方，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“seacreatures”可以定位到第一段第一句Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒(méi)有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），說(shuō)明比起其他海洋生物，海參非常奇怪，所以D選項(xiàng)“奇怪”正確。A選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“聰明”和C選項(xiàng)“肥胖”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

8.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(10%)

Mostofushaveinheritedmoralityfromreligion,family,education,orsocietyingeneral,andusuallyfromallthesesources,becausetheysharecommontaboosagainstkilling,stealing,adultery,lying,andsoonandacommonbeliefinwhatconstitutespraiseworthybehavior.Insomerespects,however,thesesourcescanbeatoddswitheachother.Yournationalassessmentofasituationmayleadyouinonedirection,religion,inanother;andfamilytradition,instillanother.Lifepushusintosomanyquandariesthatdoingtherightthingineveryinstancebecomesexceedinglydifficult.

【答案】我們大多數(shù)人從宗教、家庭、教育或一般社會(huì)中繼承了道德，而且通常是從所有這些來(lái)源繼承的，因?yàn)樗麄兌加蟹磳?duì)殺戮、偷盜、通奸、撒謊等的共同禁忌，也都相信什么是值得稱(chēng)贊的行為。然而，在某些方面，這些來(lái)源可能相互矛盾。你對(duì)國(guó)家形勢(shì)的評(píng)估可能會(huì)把你引向一個(gè)方向，宗教或另一個(gè)方向;還有家庭傳統(tǒng)。生活把我們推入如此多的困境，以至于在每個(gè)情況下做正確的事情變得極其困難。

9.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列舉了除了______以外的女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者可能遇到的困難。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問(wèn)題

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在獲得政府援助方面的問(wèn)題

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“……消費(fèi)者歧視個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的女性。此外，自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視?！?，從中可知，女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者會(huì)碰到困難包括消費(fèi)者、供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視，以及更難找到好員工，只有D項(xiàng)“在獲得政府援助方面的問(wèn)題”沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視”、B項(xiàng)“來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”和C項(xiàng)“獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問(wèn)題”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.關(guān)于私人雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視，下列哪個(gè)結(jié)論作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)婦女的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的第三和第四句“歧視程度的不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致與雇主類(lèi)型有關(guān)的收入差異。根據(jù)政府和私人雇主的性質(zhì)來(lái)看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視?！笨芍退饺斯椭鞫加衅缫?，但是私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大，所以作者更有可能同意B項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”的結(jié)論。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響”根據(jù)第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧視，與女性在私營(yíng)企業(yè)就業(yè)所得相比，政府就業(yè)將對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生積極的影響”可知，政府雇主和私營(yíng)雇主對(duì)女性的收入有不同的影響，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都會(huì)歧視，該項(xiàng)中的possible與原文不符合，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一項(xiàng)對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)踐的研究表明，對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒(méi)有歧視，這往往與______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.?？怂沟囊恍┏醪窖芯拷Y(jié)果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建議

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.?？怂沟募僭O(shè)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“從布朗的研究結(jié)果可以推斷出……自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”可知，布朗的研究結(jié)果表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)歧視女性自營(yíng)者，這與金融機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)于對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒(méi)有歧視的實(shí)踐的研究相矛盾。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“福克斯的一些初步研究結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“?？怂沟募僭O(shè)”沒(méi)有提到金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)女性的歧視，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“作者提出的建議”文中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根據(jù)布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的順序排列，分別是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇傭，私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“對(duì)于男性來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)是收入最高的行業(yè)，其次是私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭最低。對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)順序是相反的。”，從中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的順序與男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇傭，私人雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭”、C項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭”和D項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

10.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas(萬(wàn)靈藥).Therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

41.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotknownbecause（）.

42.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）.

43.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

44.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）.

45.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficultto