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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西省財政稅務(wù)??茖W(xué)??荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper()itclosely.

問題1選項

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。一般情況下,分詞作狀語時,應(yīng)與句子的主語存在一定的邏輯關(guān)系(主謂或動賓關(guān)系),否則分詞就必須有自己的主語或邏輯賓語,來構(gòu)成“名詞或代詞+分詞”的獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu),用來表示原因、時間、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。copper與follow之間為主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。由此可見,本題的正確答案是B選項。copperfollowingitclosely是以現(xiàn)在分詞following為中心的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是某一個非謂語動詞短語,或名詞性短語,或形容詞性短語,或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,而是自己另帶的一個邏輯主語。比如本句的主語是silver,但following的邏輯主語是copper。又如:Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介詞短語inhand的邏輯主語是book而不是句子的主語he,所以bookinhand為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。)。句意:銀是最好的導(dǎo)體,銅與之非常接近。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

2.單選題

Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpointswewon’tget(

)nearasolution.

問題1選項

A.somewhere

B.nowhere

C.anywhere

D.everywhere

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。somewhere“某個地方”;getsomewhere“有進展,有結(jié)果”;nowhere“無處;任何地方”;getnowhere“無進展;無結(jié)果”;anywhere“任何地方”;everywhere“每個地方”。句意:如果我們繼續(xù)為小事爭吵的話,我們找不到任何解決問題的方法。由前半句的假設(shè)的內(nèi)容可推知不好的結(jié)果。答案C

3.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan()moreinlesstime.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補足”;B:implement“實施”;C:;compliment“恭維”;D:accomplish“完成”。句意:通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài),你能在更短的時間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意,故D為正確答案。

4.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso£groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat().

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton().

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause().

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey().

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為,卻認為這是有益的。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因為沒有情感的世界里根本不存在獎懲,所以人們無法學(xué)習(xí)。反之,如果因為做了正確的事情而得到了獎勵,那么人們就可能會學(xué)習(xí)。所以選項A符合原文內(nèi)容。

3.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀:因為沒有任何形式的激勵。所以,社會經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵的能力。選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構(gòu)造了世界。作為個體,我們會根據(jù)自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界,選項D符合原文。

5.單選題

Itisrather(

)thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

問題1選項

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”;B選項boring“無聊的,無趣的”;C選項embarrassing“使人尷尬的,令人為難的”;D選項demanding“要求高的,要求極嚴的”。句中的it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday(我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種)”可知C選項符合語境。句意:我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種,這是相當令人尷尬的。

6.單選題

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.

3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery

問題2選項

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies

C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression

問題3選項

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.

問題4選項

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要關(guān)注________。

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主張回歸舊方法

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解釋一種新理論的重要性

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段指出最近的一項理論(recenttheory),并且點出這一理論具有相當大的實際意義(hasconsiderablepracticalimportance);第二段點出這一理論幫助尋找地下礦物(takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors),從理論中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型;第三段具體講勘探人員如何使用這些模型,和第二段是遞進的關(guān)系。綜上所述,這一文章講的是這個新理論對于實際開采礦物的重要性,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“主張回歸舊方法”:文章花了大量篇幅在講新理論和新方法,主張采用新方法,而不是舊方法,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異”:這兩種方法是以前廣泛使用和現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的差別,而且主要不是在比較這兩種方法的差異,屬于曲解原文;

D選項“描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)”:文章沒有提到新理論是如何得出的,屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章認為,人們認為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)________。

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由變質(zhì)流體形成

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花崗巖狀體

C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由沖積物形成

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表現(xiàn)

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞widelyheld定位到第一段第二句,該處講到“人們普遍持有的觀點就是這些太古代金石英脈是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的(depositedfrommetamorphicfluids)?!?,結(jié)合選項,A選項符合文章內(nèi)容,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“起源于熔融花崗巖狀體”:對應(yīng)第一段第一句“根據(jù)最近的一項理論(recenttheory),太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)是在20億年前由巖漿流體形成的(formedover...frommagmaticfluids)?!?,可知這不是人們普遍認為的,而是最新理論認為的,屬于偷換概念;

C選項“由沖積物形成”:對應(yīng)第一段第二句“這些系統(tǒng)是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的,即由濕的沉積巖脫水過程(duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks)中形成的流體沉積(fluidsthatformed)的?!?,可知不是沖積物,而是沉積巖脫水形成的,屬于偷換概念;

D選項“一般有地表表現(xiàn)”:對應(yīng)第一段最后一句“但大多數(shù)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦床都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn),因為它們被埋在地下,沒有地表表現(xiàn)(havenosurfaceexpression)?!?,可知人們認為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)沒有地表表現(xiàn),屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?這篇文章暗示,想要最大限度地提高發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的機會,勘探人員首先會采取下列哪一步?

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址。

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點。

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合適的概念模型選擇場地進行進一步勘探。

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒數(shù)一、二句,該處講到“為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機會(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層(selectingthegroundformations)。這種地面選擇在不同程度上依賴于概念模型(reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels),這些模型考慮了相關(guān)因素的理論研究?!?,可知勘探人員需要依賴于概念模型,選擇合適的場地進行勘探,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址”:文中沒有提到形成于200萬年前的遺址,屬于無中生有;

B選項“將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點”和D選項“使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石”:對應(yīng)第二段第二、三句“目前廣泛使用的方法包括分析航空圖像以獲得廣泛的地質(zhì)概況(geologicaloverview),使用地球物理技術(shù)(geophysicaltechniques)得出所調(diào)查巖石的磁性、電性和礦物學(xué)性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)……但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價值(noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue)。”,可知這兩種方法適用于已經(jīng)礦化的地方,不適用于未經(jīng)礦化的地方,不能最大程度地發(fā)現(xiàn)金子,屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的陳述,下列哪項文中有信息支持?

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達到最初淘金熱時期的水平。

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧。

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦。

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦很可能是定位埋藏礦物的勘探技術(shù)的結(jié)果。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第二段,該處講到“勘探的挑戰(zhàn)是了解某地區(qū)的地下地質(zhì)狀況,并且查明埋藏礦物的位置(pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals)?!?,緊接著提到各項勘探技術(shù),可知找到金礦需要定位埋藏礦物的地方,并且需要勘探技術(shù),因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達到最初淘金熱時期的水平”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項“在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上,現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧”:對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“但是,如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化,這些方法就沒有任何價值,因此,為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機會(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層?!?,這里的兩種方法不是相互對立,可以同時使用,屬于偷換概念;

C選項“基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦”:文章沒有提到這個模型讓人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦,屬于無中生有。

7.單選題

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.

Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.

Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.

Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.

ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.

Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.

Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.

3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.

4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreason

B.naturalknowledgeofareligion

C.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion

D.someoneelse’sreligion

問題2選項

A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeing

B.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise

C.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefully

D.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations

問題3選項

A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge

B.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones

C.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife

D.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition

問題4選項

A.TheGreatReligionsonEarth

B.IngredientsofSuperstition

C.ReligionandSuperstition

D.AchieveUnitywithGod

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章,人們把迷信定義為……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.(歸根結(jié)底,人們認為在別人的宗教中他們認為不合理的東西是迷信的)可知,C項“在另一個人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正確;A項“一些不是基于理性的宗教知識”是字典上對于迷信的定義,并不是人們的定義;B項“宗教的自然知識”這屬于宗教信仰建立的基礎(chǔ);D項“其他人的宗教”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者,世界上所有偉大的宗教……”。根據(jù)第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.(世界上所有偉大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中國佛教和伊斯蘭教—都向人們展示了通往這種勇氣的道路,以及由此產(chǎn)生的心靈和平與所有人的和平)可知,A項“帶來內(nèi)心的平和,以及與他人之間的平和”正確;B項“提出更好的生活,并承諾在西天永生”和D項“敦促他們的追隨者達到更高的化身”該段沒有提到;由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife(它們預(yù)示著一種更好的生活,大多是另一個地方的生活,或者至少,結(jié)束了今生的煩惱)可知,C項“給他們的信徒勇氣,讓他們平靜地活著和死去”與原文不符。因此,該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“從文章中我們得知,無神論者……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.(不可知論者和無神論者都能擺脫迷信嗎?幾乎不能。每個有思想的人都有一種天生的宗教傾向,一種超越世俗的理想傾向)可知,D項“事實上并不能擺脫迷信”正確;A項“很少或沒有宗教知識”沒有提到;B項“有超越世俗的理想”不夠全面;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.(如果他打破了自己的自然傾向,那就是上帝啟發(fā)的理想,他很可能會用一系列自我啟發(fā)的理想或某種流行的占星術(shù)來代替,這將成為他的宗教)可知,C項“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主義的理想的占星家”中的唯物主義理想并沒有提到。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“在以下建議的標題中,最準確地總結(jié)了這篇文章的是……”。文章開篇先闡述了迷信的定義,這個概念和宗教有關(guān),然后又講述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想,并在文章的最后總結(jié)了迷信和宗教的區(qū)別:Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.(宗教和迷信之間有一條界線,每個人都必須學(xué)會辨別這條界線,否則就會失去人生的真正方向);綜合推斷,C項“宗教和迷信”最適合做文章的標題;A項“地球上最偉大的宗教”、B項“迷信的成分”和D項“與神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

8.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shecan’twaitfortheman.

B.Sheisveryeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwiththeman.

D.Sheexpectsthemantostay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HoneyI’mleavingtonightandgettotheUnitedStatesat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.

W:Woo,woo,Ican’twaittoseeyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】固定搭配。Can’twaittoseesb.的意思是:迫不及待想見某人。

9.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere(

).

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問題1選項

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問題2選項

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問題3選項

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問題4選項

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問題5選項

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語,提出了本文主要討論的問題是“18世紀殖民地房屋設(shè)計的改進”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀發(fā)生變化,根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財富的增加,越來越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”,由此可知,因為殖民者的財富增加,他們可以花更多的錢在建筑房屋上面,所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項專門的職業(yè),房屋設(shè)計或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計師來做,或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國進口的建筑手冊的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來做?!庇纱丝芍?,18世紀的房屋設(shè)計主要由木匠來負責(zé)。選項D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同,以及這些書中的規(guī)則在運用上的自由?!边@里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手冊”,由此可知,這些建筑手冊上的記載的規(guī)則并沒有被嚴格遵守,而是自由地運用。故正確答案選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后,殖民地報紙上開始出現(xiàn)風(fēng)景畫形式的壁紙風(fēng)格廣告”,由此推斷,在此之前,風(fēng)景畫式的壁紙還沒有廣泛使用。故正確答案選C。

10.單選題

Itwassoscorchinglyhotthatthewaterdropletsfallingonitdidn’tstayatall.Theyjust().

問題1選項

A.evacuated

B.evaporated

C.eliminated

D.escaped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項evacuated“疏散;撤出”;B選項evaporated“蒸發(fā);消失”;C選項eliminated“消除;排除”;D選項escaped“逃離;逃脫”。句意:天這么熱,掉下來的水滴一點兒都沒留下,都……了。水滴在陽光的炙熱下會蒸發(fā)掉。因此B選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto()anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.

問題1選項

A.invade

B.install

C.insert

D.inject

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。invade侵入;install安裝;insert插入,鑲?cè)?;inject注射。句意:Mr.Smith要求他的秘書在她正在打的年度報告中插入一段。選項C符合句意。

12.翻譯題

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostotherco

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