考研考博-英語-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.不定項選擇題

Sometimearound621BC,alegislatornamedDracoappearedontheAtheniansceneandmadethelawsthatsubstitutedpublicjusticeforpersonalrevenge.Hislawsweresoseverethatthelegislatorhasbeenimmortalizedbytheword“draconian”.TheselawsheldforonlyaquarterofacenturyuntilSolon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy,abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder.Solonalsocarriedoutconstitutionalreformsthatsetupfreeelectionandbroughtallclasses,exceptslaves,intotheprocessofgovernment.Andsodemocracybegan.

AhundredyearslaterdemocracyandeverythingelseGreecehadbuiltupwerethreatenedbyPersia.ThefirstofPersia’sexpeditionstookplacein490BCwhenitsarmyarrivedatMarathon,nearAthens.ThiswastheeventwhereaGreeksoldierranthe27milesbacktoAthens,managedtocryout,“Wehavewon”,thencollapsedanddied.

IntheirsecondexpeditionthePersianswerematchedbythegeniusofThemistocles,anAthenianleaderwhomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy.However,heturnedouttoberight.ThePersianswereblastedofftheseaatthebattleofSalamis,offthecoastnearAthens.

Athens,nowanavalpower,washeadedforitsgoldenage.Itsruleratthistime,aroundthemiddleofthefifthcenturyBC,wasPericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.Oneofhisnot-so-smartdecisionswastorestrictAtheniancitizenshiptopeoplewhosemotherandfatherwerebothAthenians.

ItwasPericleswhobuilttheParthenon.ThiswasquiteatimeforAthens.WhilePericleswasbuildinghisParthenon,Aeschylus,SophoclesandEuripideswerewritingtheirplaysandSocratesandPlatowereteaching.

AthenswastheninvolvedinthePeloponnesianWarwithSpartaand27yearsoffightingledtoAthens’defeatin404BC.ButvictoriousSparta’sinfluencelastedonly30yearsafter,itwasthenruledbyMacedonia,akingdominthenorthofGreece.

PhilipofMacedon’sambitionwastounifyallofGreece,restoreGreekculturetoMacedon,andeliminatePersiaasalingeringthreat.Nextinlineinthethronewashisfirstwife’sson,AlexandertheGreats,whohadstudiedunderAristotle.Alexander’sdeathmarkedtheendofthegreatclassicalperiodofGreece,inliterature,philosophyandart.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“draconian”(L.3,Para.1)?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weleanthat（）

4.SolonandPericlesshareonesimilarity,whichisthattheyboth（）

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe（）

問題1選項

A.Democratic.

B.Revenge.

C.Harsh.

D.Dramatic.

問題2選項

A.UnlikeDraco,Solonfirstestablisheddeathpenaltyforthecrimeofmurder.

B.AthensmarchedtoitsgoldenageafterPersia’sfirstexpedition.

C.Periclesisfamousforhisabilityofwritingplaysandteaching.

D.PeoplemisunderstoodThemistocleswhenhebuiltnavy.

問題3選項

A.MacedoniaisthenameofamanwhocontrolledAthensafterwar.

B.PeloponnesianWaristhetransitionalpointforAthensfromprosperitytodecline.

C.GreecewassplitundertheruleofMacedonia.

D.AlexandergaveAristotleAthenscitizenshipbecauseAristotlewashisteacher.

問題4選項

A.carriedoutconstitutionalreforms.

B.excelledatgivingspeech.

C.implementedstrictlaws.

D.valueddemocracy.

問題5選項

A.TheHistoryofAthens.

B.TheWarthatSplitsAthens.

C.TheunificationofGreek.

D.Alexander,theGreatRulerofAthens.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:詞義推斷題。draconian的原意是“嚴酷”，而題干前的“Hislawsweresoseverethat”提示了我們答案，文章說他的法律太過于嚴厲以至于……，因此答案為C項harsh“嚴酷的，嚴厲的”。

第2題:文章大意題。我們需要根據(jù)每一個選項定位到相應的部分。A項在第一段有提示，“abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder”，可以得出Solon并不是首創(chuàng)，而是沿用了之前的Draco的這一法例；B項錯誤，是第二次，不是第一次；C項也錯誤，Preicles是一個演講家，以演說出名；D項正確，“whomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy”以及“However,heturnedouttoberight.”這兩句可以看出一開始民眾確實是誤解他的。

第3題:段落細節(jié)題。定位到最后兩段，A項不對，Macedonia是一個希臘北部的國家，并不是人；B項并沒有提及，錯誤；C項正確，正因為是在馬其頓的統(tǒng)治下分裂，因此菲利普的心愿就是統(tǒng)一希臘；D項錯誤，并未提及。

第4題:細節(jié)推斷題。解題關鍵在第一段“Solon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy”以及“Pericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.”可以看出他們兩位都對民主很重視，答案選D。

第5題:文章標題題。從全文多處我們可以看到，文章講述的主要就是雅典的歷史，法律也好，戰(zhàn)爭也好，都是圍繞雅典在敘述，因此A正確。

2.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

問題2選項

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

問題3選項

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

問題4選項

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問美國的年輕人被指責什么？錄音開頭提到，美國的年輕人被指責沒有像過去一樣照顧他們的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C選項“沒有按照以往的傳統(tǒng)來照顧父母”是錄音原文的同義表述，因此正確。A選項“沉溺于追求休閑和物質上的舒適”在錄音中并未提及；B選項“過分注重獨立”，利用錄音中的independence設置干擾，錄音中說的是美國的老年人深受獨立自主的理想的影響，并沒有提及年輕人過分注重獨立，因此可排除；D選項“讓他們的父母食不果腹”，利用錄音中的onthevergeofstarvation設置干擾，錄音說的是老年人因深受獨立思想的影響，選擇自己獨自生活，以致可能挨餓，生病時身邊沒有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年輕人造成的，因此D選項不正確。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是說話人對美國的老年人的看法。錄音中提到，美國的老年人確實深受獨立自主的理想的影響（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D選項“他們有獨立和自主的意識”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“他們獨自生活有很大的困難”，錄音中只是提及他們（老年人）可能會挨餓，生病時身邊沒有朋友，但并沒有說這是很大的困難，因此可排除；B選項“他們幾乎沒有希望得到任何家人的照顧”和C選項“他們對過去的日子有著美好的回憶”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此不選。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話人采訪的年輕媽媽們對什么感到驚訝？錄音中提到，她們驚訝的是，世界上大多數(shù)地方的人們，在歷史上多數(shù)時期里都是三、四代人生活在同一個屋檐下，B選項“世界上大多數(shù)地方都有大家庭”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“世界上許多地方的人都更喜歡小家庭”很明顯與錄音原文表述相反，所以不正確；C選項“許多老人不愿意照顧他們的子孫”和D選項“美國太多的年輕人拒絕和他們的父母生活在一起”在錄音中沒有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問老年人盡力做什么？錄音中提到，老年人相信他們能為孩子做的唯一的事情就是當孩子來看望他們時，盡量表現(xiàn)得快樂，把所有的精力都用來避免成為一個負擔（notbeingaburden），因此B選項“避免成為子女的負擔”符合錄音原文表述，因此正確。A選項“不打擾他們的年輕一代”；C選項“參與快樂的活動以維持身體健康”和D項“站在孩子們的角度看待事情”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

3.單選題

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

問題1選項

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:與英國和西印度群島的貿易使諸如波士頓這樣的殖民海港得以繁榮發(fā)展。故選D。

4.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.

B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.

C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.

D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.

問題2選項

A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.

B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.

C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.

D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.

問題3選項

A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.

C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.

D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.

問題4選項

A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.

B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.

C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.

D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者剛開始工作的時候，我們可以了解到什么？錄音開頭提到，當說話者剛開始工作的時候，偶爾會在電梯里瞥一眼自己，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己看起來一團糟（Ilookedatotalmess）。后面指出，之所以一團糟是因為服裝的原因，因此B選項“她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的服裝很不合適”正確。A選項“對廣告不感興趣”利用錄音開頭的“advertising”設置干擾，錄音說的是說話人從事的是廣告業(yè)，并未提及她對廣告業(yè)不感興趣，因此排除；C選項“她對時尚潮流不滿意”，錄音開頭說的是，說話者喜歡跟隨當下的潮流，因此C選項不正確；D選項“她經(jīng)常照鏡子檢查自己”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話者談及的制服被發(fā)明的原因。錄音中提到，沒有人可以每天穿著獨一無二的衣服，這就是制服被發(fā)明的原因。A選項“為了省去每天選不同衣服的煩惱”與原文意思表述相符，因此正確。B選項“滿足有時尚意識的客戶的期望”和D選項“節(jié)省服裝開支”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除；C選項“跟上當前的潮流”，利用錄音開頭的keepupwithcurrenttrends設置干擾，但這并不是發(fā)明制服的原因，因此不正確。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是說話者關于“看起來更時尚”的看法。在錄音后半部分，說話者提出一個問題，即看起來更時尚是否會提升我們的工作能力，接下來隨即對此進行了回答，如果你的工作需要與其他人進行面對面交談，則答案是肯定的，C選項“這在需要與他人接洽的工作中很重要”與原文意思表述一致，因此正確。A選項“這能提高人們獨立工作的能力”和D選項“這能增強求職者的信心”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項“這幫助人們在他們所做的任何事情上取得成功”說法過于絕對，不符合題意。

15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在這個看重外貌形象的世界里，說話者建議人們怎么做？錄音結尾提到，說話者認為人們應該竭盡所能去做能實現(xiàn)工作目標的事情，包括謹慎塑造自己的形象，這都是值得的。D選項“做任何能（使我們的形象）看起來時尚的事情”與原文意思符合，因此正確。A選項“設計他們自己的制服，使其看起來獨一無二”；B選項“穿經(jīng)典的衣服給客戶留下深刻印象”和C選項“對抗不斷變化的時尚潮流”均不正確，在原文找不到相關依據(jù)，因此排除。

5.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問題1選項

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導的真實條件句，主句應該用現(xiàn)在時。情態(tài)動詞結構“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問語）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項，本題正確答案為B項。

6.單選題

UndertherulesoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,JimThorpeforfeitedhisamateurstatuswhenheplayedsemiprofessionalbaseballin1911.

問題1選項

A.testedt

B.exploitedt

C.announcedt

D.lost

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。forfeit表示“喪失權利、名譽、生命等”；A項test“測試”，B項exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”，C項announce“宣布”，D項lost“丟失，喪失”。句意：根據(jù)國際奧委會的規(guī)定，當吉姆索普在1911年參加半職業(yè)棒球比賽時，他就喪失了業(yè)余棒球運動員的身份。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項正確。

7.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問題2選項

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問題3選項

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問題4選項

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問題5選項

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因為尚未制定出針對外科手術進步的立法）可知A選項“大多數(shù)國家沒有關于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進行，可能無法及時聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵人們在其遺囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項“應該鼓勵人們在死后捐獻器官”和C選項“器官移植應該提倡，因為它有利于人類社會”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”。“impair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會……潛在供者的正常復蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項最符合邏輯關系。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復蘇的標準方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為除此之外，努力復蘇是無用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。

8.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問題1選項

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯(lián)合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項B與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

問題1選項

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement實施,執(zhí)行；complement補充；supplement增補；compliment恭維,稱贊。句意：政府承諾實施新的制度來控制金融貸款機構。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已經(jīng)投入,為了使這個大教堂恢復到其以前的華麗。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。refresh更新，使精力恢復，使得到補充；restore恢復，修復；restoreto使恢復到…；renovate更新，修復，革新，刷新；renew使更新，續(xù)借，復興。由題干中關鍵詞“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的華麗”可知B項正確。

11.單選題

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

問題1選項

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾結;displace轉移,取代。句意：自由意志使我們能盡情釋放自己的激情;自由引領我們走向更高的道路，去開啟生命的奧秘。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.

問題1選項

A.exportation

B.expulsion

C.explication

D.expiation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項exportation“出口；輸出；出口貨”；B選項expulsion“逐出；開除；除籍”；C選項explication“說明；闡明；展開”；D選項expiation“補償；贖罪；抵罪”。句意：這場爭論同時是一場政策辯論，也是對1986年一項管理招聘程序的聯(lián)邦法律中一個關鍵短語的延伸注釋。exegesis“注釋，解釋”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandaction,thatweneverrecognizetheassumptionsonwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject;iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofpeopleaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

1.Theexamplesofbirdsandfishareusedto（）

2.Theterm"parochialism"(Line3,Para.3)mostpossiblymeans（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thepassagemightbeentitled“（）''

問題1選項

A.showthatthey,too,havetheirrespectivecultures

B.explainhumansoccupyasymbolicuniverseasbirdsandfishoccupytheskyandthesea

C.illustratethathumanbeingsareunawareoftheculturalcodesgoverningthem

D.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenman,birds,andfishintheirwaysofthinking

問題2選項

A.open-mindedness

B.provincialism

C.superiority

D.discrimination

問題3選項

A.everyonewouldliketowidentheirculturalscopeiftheycan

B.theobstaclestoovercomingculturalparochialismliemainlyinpeople'shabitofthinking

C.providedone'sbroughtupinaculture,hemaybewithbiasinmakingculturalevaluations

D.childhoodisanimportantstageincomprehendingculture

問題4選項

A.Individualandcollectiveneurosismightpreventcommunicationswithothers.

B.Peopleindifferentculturesmaybegovernedbythesameculturalnorms.

C.People'svisionswillbeenlargedifonlytheyknewthatculturaldifferencesexist.

D.Ifculturalnormsaresomethingtangible,theywon'tbesoconfining.

問題5選項

A.HowtoOvercomeCulturalMyopia

B.BehavioralPatternsandCulturalBackground

C.HarmsofCulturalMyopia

D.CulturalMyopia-ADeep-rootedCollectiveNeurosis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.”，選項C符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的一、二句，似乎在任何地方，人們都渴望打破自己的經(jīng)驗世界的界限。他們對更廣泛的事件和人民作出敏感反應的能力需要克服這種文化狹隘主義。“culturalparochialism”是指文化的狹隘主義，選項B更符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)最后兩段的內容以及關鍵詞“culturalparochialism”、“culturalmyopia”可以推測，如果一個人長期生活在一種文化環(huán)境中，在做文化評論的時候會有偏見。選項C符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Whetheritis...fromothers.”，它限制了我們所能體驗到的，也限制了我們從他人身上學到的東西，也就是阻礙了與他人的溝通交流，選項A正確。

第5題:根據(jù)全文內容，主要是講文化局限的定義和背景，所以選項D更貼切。

14.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

問題1選項

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。initiate“開始，創(chuàng)造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共謀，協(xié)力”；negotiate“談判，交涉”。句意：政府決定對毒品致死人數(shù)的增加進行調查。選項A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdo