考研考博-英語-新疆交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Tomatoes,whentheywerefirstintroduced,wereconsideredeithermagicalorharmful,dependingonwhichschoolofthoughtyoulistened.Evenwithinlivingmemory,therewasatimewhenvegetableswereconsideredharmfulunless

A

B

C

D

cookedforlong.

【答案】Blistened改為listenedto

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】listenedto意思為“聽從”，為固定搭配，這里指的是認(rèn)為西紅柿是怎樣的，就看聽從對(duì)西紅柿的哪一種描述。

【句意】西紅柿剛被引進(jìn)時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為它很神奇或者有害，這取決于你聽的是哪個(gè)學(xué)派的觀點(diǎn)。即使在現(xiàn)在，人們也有一段時(shí)間認(rèn)為蔬菜沒有經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的烹飪就是有害的。

2.單選題

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。deteriorate惡化，變壞；distress悲痛，苦惱，不幸；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)，底線；dilute稀釋，沖淡。句意：高血壓使許多器官受到壓力，包括腎臟、眼睛和心臟，久而久之會(huì)使它們感到痛苦。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Novelsandshortstoriesfromalibrary'sfictioncollectionareagood（）ofenjoyablereadingpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exit

B.resource

C.entry

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：圖書館的小說和短篇小說是令人愉快的閱讀練習(xí)的好來源。選項(xiàng)中只有source有"來源"的意思。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Bythe1980’s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedinconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutseven(1)tenadultsintheworldwereconsidered(2).Theincreaseinliteracyfromancient(3)tothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.Theabilityofpeoplewithinagiven(4)toreadandwrite(5)influencedbyanumberof(6),including(7)well-being,the(8)ofmaterial(9),theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.

(10)thosefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemost(11).Inancientsocieties,aspeople(12)intostablepatternsofagricultureandtrade,itbecameusefulforsomeofthemtoreadandwriteinordertokeep(13),to(14)business,andto(15)amountsofland,animals,goods,materials,andproducts.Sincealleconomicaspectsofasocietywereclosely(16)totheoperationofthegovernment,literacybecameusefulandeven(17)forthekeepingofrecordsbyofficials.TheresponsibilitiesofcitizenshipledtoafairlyhighlevelofliteracyinancientGreeceandRome,butinadditiontothat,therealsogrewanappreciationofgoodliterature,poetry,drama,history,andphilosophy.

DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneral(18)ofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literacybecamelargelyconfined(19)thechurch.Butinthe(20)MiddleAges,intheperiodofRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outof

B.out

C.of

D.in

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.literate

B.literacy

C.literature

D.literary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.time

B.times

C.day

D.days

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.society

B.societies

C.group

D.groups

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.tobe

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.factors

B.factor

C.reason

D.reasons

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.economical

C.economics

D.economy

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.reaching

B.acquisition

C.availability

D.getting

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.reading

B.read

C.toread

D.readings

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.On

B.Of

C.In

D.During

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.decide

B.decision

C.deciding

D.decisive

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.set

B.seated

C.settled

D.said

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.record

B.records

C.diary

D.diaries

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.make

C.involve

D.transact

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.decide

B.measure

C.see

D.feel

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.tied

B.tried

C.tired

D.ties

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.necessarily

B.necessity

C.necessary

D.need

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.breakthrough

B.breakoff

C.breakout

D.breakdown

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.within

D.with

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.late

C.later

D.former

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.outof由于，在……外B.out出現(xiàn)，向外

C.of……的D.in在……里面

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】空格前后為基數(shù)詞，可知“數(shù)字+outof+數(shù)字”表示“幾分之幾/幾個(gè)中的幾個(gè)”，所以這里填A(yù)項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不能與其搭配。

【句意】大約十分之七的成年人。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.literate受過教育的B.literacy讀寫能力

C.literature文學(xué)D.literary文學(xué)的

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)鍵詞同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句中的關(guān)鍵詞literacy可知，此處要填入關(guān)鍵詞literacy的形容詞形式，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義和語法。

【句意】到20世紀(jì)80年代，根據(jù)國際上對(duì)讀寫能力的定義，但公認(rèn)的是不一致的，世界上大約十分之七的成年人被認(rèn)為是受過教育的。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.time時(shí)間B.times倍數(shù)，時(shí)代

C.day一天D.days每天（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由from…to…以及to后面的present可知，這里是表示時(shí)間，ancient通常和times搭配，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合搭配。

【句意】從古至今，文化水平的提高并不是一個(gè)持續(xù)不斷的進(jìn)步。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.society社會(huì)B.societies社會(huì)（復(fù)數(shù)）

C.group群體，組D.groups群體，組（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由不定冠詞a可知，空格處要填入一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，而根據(jù)Theabilityofpeople…toreadandwrite…influenced（人們讀寫能力被影響）可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)合適。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語法用法；

C選項(xiàng)不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】在一個(gè)特定的社會(huì)中。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.is一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)B.hasbeen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

C.was一般過去時(shí)D.tobe不定式

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文。

【解題思路】根據(jù)上文的時(shí)間標(biāo)志fromancienttimestothepresent（從古至今）可知，此空格要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合時(shí)態(tài)語法。

【句意】在一個(gè)特定的社會(huì)中，人們的讀寫能力受到了影響。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.factors因素（復(fù)數(shù)）B.factor因素

C.reason理由D.reasons理由（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】由including可知，后面的內(nèi)容是包括在該空格內(nèi)的，那么由后面的內(nèi)容“福利、材料、教育等”可知，這里表示的是“影響讀寫能力的因素”，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)為單數(shù)形式，不符合語法；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句間邏輯。

【句意】在一個(gè)特定的社會(huì)中，人們閱讀和寫作的能力受到一些因素的影響。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的B.economical節(jié)約的

C.economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)D.economy經(jīng)濟(jì)制度

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由被修飾詞well-being（福利）可知，修飾詞用economic符合，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】經(jīng)濟(jì)福利。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reaching達(dá)到B.acquisition獲得

C.availability可用性，可效性D.getting得到

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由被修飾詞ofmaterial（材料的）可知，修飾詞用availability符合，theavailabilityof表示“……的可用性”，故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】可用的材料。

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reading讀B.read讀

C.toread去讀D.readings讀物

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，material和read之間是表示目的，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】可供閱讀的材料。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.On在……上B.Of……的

C.In在……里面D.During在……期間

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文。

【解題思路】空格部分修飾的是usefulness，上一段最后一句中usefulness是包括在factors里面的，所以應(yīng)該用表示所屬關(guān)系的介詞of，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合所屬關(guān)系。

【句意】在這些因素中。

11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.decide決定（動(dòng)詞）B.decision決定（名詞）

C.deciding決定（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.decisive決定性的（形容詞）

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由空格處前面的themost可知，空格處只能填入形容詞，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合語法。

【句意】在這些因素中，有用性可能是最具決定性的。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.set設(shè)置B.seated就座

C.settled安排，定居D.said據(jù)說

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由從句中的賓語stablepatternsofagricultureandtrade（穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)業(yè)和貿(mào)易模式）可知，settleinto（習(xí)慣于）符合句子語義，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】在古代社會(huì)，當(dāng)人們開始穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)業(yè)和貿(mào)易模式時(shí)。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.record記錄B.records記錄（復(fù)數(shù)）

C.diary日記D.diaries日記（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文。

【解題思路】上半句提到了trade，這是和商業(yè)相關(guān)的，并且空格部分的并列成分中也提到了business，所以推測(cè)keep后面應(yīng)該是跟records，表示“交易中的記錄”，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)單數(shù)形式不符合語法；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語義。

【句意】對(duì)他們中的一些人來說，為了記錄，讀寫變得很有用。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.do做B.make使，制作

C.involve涉及D.transact交易，談判

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由空格后的business可知，這里填入transact最恰當(dāng)，表示“商業(yè)交易往來”，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】對(duì)他們中的一些人來說，為了記錄和交易，讀寫變得很有用。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.decide決定B.measure測(cè)量

C.see看見D.feel感覺

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由后面的amountsofland,animals,goods,materials,andproducts（土地、動(dòng)物、貨物、材料和生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量）可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】在古代社會(huì)，當(dāng)人們開始穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)業(yè)和貿(mào)易模式時(shí)，對(duì)于他們中的一些人來說，為了記錄、交易和測(cè)量土地、動(dòng)物、貨物、材料和生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量，閱讀和書寫變得很有用。

16.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tied系，聯(lián)合B.tried嘗試

C.tired（使）疲勞，疲倦

D.ties系，聯(lián)合

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由since可知，這是原因狀語從句，而alleconomicaspectsofasociety（社會(huì)的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)方面）和theoperationofthegovernment（政府的運(yùn)作）之間是密切相關(guān)的，所以betiedto（捆綁于）符合，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義。

【句意】由于社會(huì)的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)方面都與政府的運(yùn)作密切相關(guān)。

17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.necessarily必要地，必然地B.necessity必需品，必然性

C.necessary必要的D.need需要

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】空格處成分和useful并列，所以要填入一個(gè)形容詞；并且由even可知，此處表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】由于社會(huì)的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)方面都與政府的運(yùn)作密切相關(guān)，對(duì)于需要記錄的官員來說，讀寫能力是有用的甚至是有必要的。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breakthrough突破B.breakoff折斷，突然停止

C.breakout爆發(fā)D.breakdown崩潰，分解

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】空格處和后面的decrease屬于并列關(guān)系，而修飾詞是society，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】在中世紀(jì)早期，隨著歐洲社會(huì)的全面崩潰和商業(yè)的衰落。

19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.to對(duì)于B.in在……里面

C.within在……之內(nèi)D.with和

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由前面的confined可知，beconfinedto固定用法，表示“局限于，限制在”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合該固定用法。

【句意】在中世紀(jì)早期，隨著歐洲社會(huì)的全面崩潰和商業(yè)的衰落，讀寫能力在很大程度上局限于教會(huì)。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.from從……來，來自B.late晚的，遲的

C.later后來，稍后D.former前任的，前者的

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)聯(lián)上下文。

【解題思路】從but可知，此處是對(duì)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折，而根據(jù)該段第一句中的DuringtheearlyMiddleAges（在中世紀(jì)早期）可知，此處應(yīng)該表示的是“中世紀(jì)晚期”，故B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合上下文和句子語義邏輯。

【句意】但在中世紀(jì)晚期。

5.翻譯題

1.Peoplemistakenlyassumethatafallingpennywillacceleratefortheentiretyofitsfall,achievingbreakneckspeedsbythetimeitreachestheground.ThiswouldindeedhappenifalltheairwereremovedandthepennywastossedofftheEmpireStateBuildingintoavacuum——butasthingsare,collisionswithairmoleculesslowfallingpenniesdown.Airresistanceopposesthepenny'sdownwardmotion,counteractingtheforceofgravity.Thefasterthepennyfalls,thegreatertheairresistance,andsoatacertainmaximumvelocity,thedragforcebecomesequalandoppositetothedownwardgravitationalforce.Withthetwoforcesbalanced,thepennynolongeraccelerates.Insteaditfallsataconstantspeed,calledtheterminalvelocity,allthewaytotheground.

2.Overeatingcanalsobetriggeredbyouremotions.Somepeopleturntofoodoralcoholinstressfulsituations,suchasafterafamilyargumentoraparticularlydifficultdayatwork.Othervulnerabletimesmaybewhenyou'refeelingtired,boredorsad.Identifyingtriggersandcuesthatcauseyoutoovereatcanhelpyoutochangeyourbehaviorinthesesituationsandavoidunwantedcalories.Writedownthetimeswhenyouremotionsleadtoeating.Thiswillhelpyoutoidentifysituationswhenyou'reparticularlyvulnerabletoexcesssnacking.Askyourselfifyoumusthavethefood——thinkingaboutwhatyou'redoingcanhelpyouavoidextrasnacks.Replaceimagesoffoodwithotherpositivethoughts.Distractyourselffromeatingbydoingsomethingelseyouenjoy.

3.Issuesmanagementhastwomajorcomponentsforamanager.Thefirstishavingaprocesstouncoverissues,determinetheirimpactontheproject,examinealternatives,andbringinpeopletomakethebestdecisionunderthecircumstances.Theseproceduresensurethatissuesarerecognizedandresolvedasquicklyaspossible.Thesecondcomponentofissuesmanagementisapplyingspecificproblem—solvingtechniques.ThisincludessomeunderstandingoftechniquessuchasFishbonediagrams,Paretocharts,androotcauseanalysis.Havinganunderstandingofoneormoreofthesetechniquesallowsyouandyourteamtounderstandthenatureandcauseoftheproblem,whatoptionsareavailable,andwhatalternativewouldbethebestcourseofaction.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.人們錯(cuò)誤的以為下落的硬幣因?yàn)橹亓Φ脑?會(huì)在下落的過程中一直加速,到達(dá)地面時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到非常危險(xiǎn)的速度。這確實(shí)可能發(fā)生一一如果空氣真被抽空了,硬幣就是從帝國大廈拋向了真空——而事實(shí)上,與空氣分子的碰撞減緩了硬幣的下落?？諝庾柚沽擞矌诺南蛳逻\(yùn)動(dòng),抵消了重力作用。硬幣下落的越快,受到的阻力也會(huì)越大,因此當(dāng)硬幣達(dá)到那個(gè)確定的最大速度,阻力會(huì)和向下的重力作用相等。兩個(gè)力相互平衡,硬幣就不會(huì)再加速。相反它會(huì)以一個(gè)固定速度,也叫極限速度,一直落到地面。

2.暴食暴飲也常常由我們的情緒所引發(fā)。有些人會(huì)在受到強(qiáng)大壓力下（如在一場(chǎng)家庭爭(zhēng)執(zhí)或工作上出現(xiàn)難關(guān)時(shí)）攝入大量的食物或酒。其他脆弱的時(shí)刻或在我們感到累,無聊或傷心時(shí)。弄明白引發(fā)過度進(jìn)食的觸發(fā)事件和原因有助于幫助你改善在同等情況下的不良行為,并避免攝入不需要的卡路里。寫下那些令你想進(jìn)食的情緒的次數(shù),這將有助于你鑒別哪些情況會(huì)使你特別想攝入大量的零食。試試以下的技巧吧！吃東西之前要想想這些食物真的是我一定要吃的嗎？一一思考做什么事情可以幫助你避免攝入那些額外的零食。用其它有益的想法來替代對(duì)事物的想象。通過做一些自己喜歡的事情轉(zhuǎn)移你對(duì)食物的注意力。

3.問題管理對(duì)于管理者來說有兩個(gè)主要組成部分。首先得有一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的過程,確定他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響,檢查替代品,并使人在這種情況下做出最好的決定。這些程序確保認(rèn)識(shí)問題,并盡快解決。問題管理的第二個(gè)組成部分是應(yīng)用特定的解決問題的技巧。這包括一些技術(shù)理解,如魚骨圖,帕累托圖,和根本原因分析法。了解這些技術(shù)中的一個(gè)或多個(gè),可以讓你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)理解問題的本質(zhì)和原因,理解什么樣的選擇可用,什么樣的替代品將是最好的行動(dòng)方案。

6.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.prominent

C.conspicuous

D.excellent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)noticeable表示“顯而易見的，顯著的”；B選項(xiàng)prominent表示“突出的，顯著的，杰出的”；C選項(xiàng)conspicuous表示“顯著的，顯而易見的”；D選項(xiàng)excellent表示“卓越的，杰出的”。根據(jù)句意“來參加這場(chǎng)邀請(qǐng)會(huì)的都是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕艹鋈宋铩保膳懦鼳、C選項(xiàng)，prominent是指名譽(yù)和地位很突出，相比excellent語義更重，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Mysisterisquite______andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.enthusiastic

C.considerate

D.ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.aggressive好斗的，挑釁的B.enthusiastic熱情的，熱心的

C.considerate考慮周到的，為（他人）著想的D.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“計(jì)劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學(xué)位”可知，Mysisterisquite______表示的意思是“我妹妹雄心勃勃”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我妹妹雄心勃勃，計(jì)劃在一年內(nèi)拿到碩士學(xué)位。

8.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（

）forawholeweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。constrained“被強(qiáng)迫的”；dominated“占主導(dǎo)地位的”；restricted“受限制的’；occupied“使用中的；無空閑的”。句意：她熱衷于給這個(gè)大房子重新裝修，為此她會(huì)忙碌整個(gè)星期。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicagingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK’scurrentnumbersof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbomintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.

（1）

Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.

Decreasingmortalityratesincreasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsrequiredforEuropeanpopulationstobeabletoreplacethemselveswithoutsubstantiveimmigration.Butagain,ratherthanseeingthisasadoomandgloomscenario,weneedtoexplorethepositiveaspectsofthesedemographics.Thenext50yearsshouldprovideuswithallopportunitytoenjoythemanyadvantagesofasocietywithamaturepopulationstructure.

（2）

ThefirstoftheseisthecurrentpoliticalrhetoricwhichclaimsthathealthservicesacrosstheWesternWorldarecollapsingunderthestrainofdemographicageing.

（3）

Thesecondmythistheviewthattheratioofworkerstonon-workerswillbecomesoacutethatWesterneconomieswillcollapse,compoundedbyamassivegrowthinpensiondebt,Whilethereareundoubtedconcernsovercurrentpensionshortfalls,itisalsoclearthatworkingliveswillthemselveschangeoverthenextfewdecades,withapredictedincreaseinflexibleandpart.Timeworkandtheprobableextensionofworkinglifeuntiltheageof70.Indeed,wehavetorecognizethatwecannotexpecttoretireattheageof50andthenbeabletosupportourselvesforanother40orsoyear.Neitherasolidpensionschemenorsavingscancarrypeoplethatlong.

（4）

Afurthermythisthatwewillallliveinloose,multigenerationalfamilies,experiencingincreasedemotionaldistancingfromourkin.Evidencefromavarietyofstudiesacrossthedevelopedworldsuggeststhat,ifanything,themodernfamilyisactuallybecomingmoreclose-knit.WorkcarriedoutbytheOxfordInstituteinScandinaviaandinaPan-EuropeanFamilyCareStudy,forexample,showsthatdespitetheinfluenceofthewelfarestate,overthepast10years,peoplehavecometovaluefamilyrelationshipsmorethanpreviously.

（5）

Inthedevelopedworldtherefore,wecanseeactualbenefitsfrompopulationaging:abetterbalancebetweenagegroups,matureandlessvolatilesocieties,withanemphasisonageintegration.Theissueswillbeverydifferentinotherpartsoftheworld.

Hereinlaysanothermyth:thatthelessdevelopedworldwillescapeformdemographicaging.Instead,themassiveincreaseintheageofpopulationsfacingthesecountries-predictedtobeuptoonebillionolderpeoplewithin30years-ispotentiallydevastating.TheproblemisnotonlythatdemographicagingisoccurringatafargreaterpacethanwehaveseeninWesternnations,butalsothatfewifanydevelopingcountrieshavetheeconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidewidespreadpublicpensionsandhealthcaretothesegrowingelderlypopulations.

Asaresult,olderpeopleareamongthepoorestineverydevelopingcountry.Theyhavethelowestlevelsofincome,educationandliteracy,theylacksavingsandassets,haveonlylimitedaccesstowork,andevenintimesofcrisisareusuallythelasttobecaredforunderemergencyaidprograms.Perhapsofmostconcernishealthcare,forasweconqueracutediseases,wearegoingtoseearapidincreaseinlevelsofchronicillnessanddisability,butnolong-termcareprogrammesorfacilitiestotacklethis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductiv