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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
ItisaquestionthathasvexedphilosopherssincetheGreeks.Butitseemswemaynowhavetheanswertothebeguilinglysimplequestion:“Whichcamefirst?”It’stheegg.
Thisreassuringconclusionwastheworkofanexpertpanel(1)aphilosopher,geneticistandchickenfarmer.
“Whetherchickeneggs(2)chickenshingesonthenatureofchickeneggs,”saidpanelmemberandphilosopherofscienceDavidPapineauatKing’sCollegeLondon.
“Iwould(3)it’sachickeneggifithasachickeninit.Ifakangaroolaidanegg(4)whichanostrichhatched,thatwouldsurelybeanostrichegg,notakangarooegg.Bythisreasoning,thefirstchickendidindeedcomefromachickenegg,(5)thateggdidn’tcomefromchickens.”
Theoldestrecorded(6)tothechildishconundrumgoes(7)toacollectionofessaysanddiscussionsbytheGreekhistorianMestriusPlutarchus,bornin46AD.Inasection(8)“WhethertheHenortheEggCameFirst”,hesuggestedthatthequestionwasalreadywell(9):“Theproblemabouttheeggandthehen,whichofthemcamefirst,wasdraggedintoourtalk,adifficultproblemwhichgivesinvestigatorsmuchtrouble.”
Plutarchusalso(10)atthepuzzle’sgreatersignificance:“Sullamycomradesaidthatwithasmallproblem,aswithatool,wewererockinglooseagreatandheavyone,thatofthe(11)oftheworld.”
Whetherthepanel(12)thatdebateisnotclear,buttheywere(13)onthecorrectchicken/eggpeckingorder.JohnBrookfield,anevolutionarygeneticistattheUniversityofNottinghamsaidthe(14)involvespiecingtogetherthespeciationeventinwhichchickensfirst(15).
Heimaginestwonon-chickenparentsgettingtogetherandgiving(16)tothefirstindividualofanew(17)becauseofageneticmutation.“Thefirstchickenmusthavedifferedfromits(18)bysomegeneticchange,perhapsavery(19)one,butonewhichcausedthisbirdtobethefirsteverto(20)ourcriteriafortrulybeingachicken,”saidProfessorBrookfield.
“ThusthelivingorganisminsidetheeggshellwouldhavehadthesameDNAasthechickenthatitwoulddevelopinto,andthuswoulditselfbeamemberofthespeciesofchicken,”headded.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.including
B.depicting
C.debriefing
D.inspiring
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.proceeded
B.preceded
C.preferred
D.procured
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.explain
B.protest
C.argue
D.suspect
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.at
B.over
C.to
D.from
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.exceptthat
B.incase
C.sothat
D.eventhough
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.conference
B.deference
C.reference
D.inference
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.away
B.back
C.forth
D.astray
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.entitled
B.knighted
C.documented
D.granted
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.established
B.questioned
C.forced
D.grounded
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.cued
B.hinted
C.pronounced
D.pointed
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.invention
B.innovation
C.creation
D.revolution
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.obscured
B.arranged
C.resettled
D.solved
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.disunited
B.unsteady
C.disagreeable
D.unanimous
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.salutation
B.resolution
C.solution
D.renovation
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.drifted
B.evolved
C.perched
D.dwelled
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.rise
B.clue
C.permission
D.way
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.species
B.flock
C.population
D.statistics
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.eggs
B.parents
C.individuals
D.groups
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.arbitrary
B.radical
C.subtle
D.negligible
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.produce
B.furnish
C.change
D.fulfill
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:D
第6題:C
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:A
第10題:A
第11題:C
第12題:D
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:B
第16題:A
第17題:A
第18題:B
第19題:C
第20題:D
【解析】第1題:(1)根據(jù)下文可推測,填空處前后為包含關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
(2)根據(jù)句意:雞蛋是否在雞之前存在取決于雞蛋的本質(zhì)。在...之前用precede,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。proceed開始,繼續(xù)行進(jìn);prefer更喜歡;procure獲得。
(3)根據(jù)句意可知,填空處后面為某人的觀點(diǎn),而且與上一段的觀點(diǎn)不一致,所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
(4)根據(jù)句意:如果袋鼠下的蛋孵化出鴕鳥,那肯定是鴕鳥蛋,而不是袋鼠蛋。from在這里表示鴕鳥由袋鼠下的蛋孵化而來。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
(5)句意:根據(jù)這個(gè)推理,第一只小雞的確來自雞蛋,盡管這個(gè)蛋不是由雞下的。eventhough表轉(zhuǎn)折,符合原文語境。選項(xiàng)D正確。
(6)referenceto表示關(guān)于,提及,涉及。這里指:關(guān)于這個(gè)幼稚的難題。
(7)gobackto為固定搭配,意為“追溯到”。選項(xiàng)B正確。
(8)句意:在一個(gè)標(biāo)題為《是先有母雞還是先有雞蛋》的章節(jié)中。entitle標(biāo)題為……,稱做...;knighted授予爵位;documented用文件證明;granted保證,擔(dān)保。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
(9)句意:他暗示這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)很好地確立了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。
(10)cued暗示,給出線索;hinted暗示,示意,后面一般接that從句;pronounced宣告;pointed指出,一般與out搭配。句意:Plutarchus也暗示了這個(gè)難解之謎更大的意義。選項(xiàng)A正確。
(11)根據(jù)上一句提到的利用工具可推測,這里指創(chuàng)造和改變世界。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。
(12)根據(jù)句意:專家組是否解決了這一爭議尚不清楚。選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)符合句意。
(13)根據(jù)but可知前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折,上一句提到爭議是否解決尚不清楚,但是他們在雞和蛋的正確順序上達(dá)成了一致。選項(xiàng)D與其他選項(xiàng)意義相反,符合原文句意,所以正確。
(14)句意:諾丁漢大學(xué)的進(jìn)化遺傳學(xué)家JohnBrookfield說,解決辦法是...。選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C與原文相關(guān),符合原文語境。
(15)根據(jù)上文可知,JohnBrookfield是一名進(jìn)化遺傳學(xué)教授,由此可以推測,這里指evolved。選項(xiàng)B正確。
(16)giveriseto為固定搭配,意為“使發(fā)生,引起”。
(17)根據(jù)下文“geneticmutation”基因突變可推測,產(chǎn)生的是一個(gè)新的物種。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。
(18)句意:第一只雞肯定和它的父母相比有一些基因變化。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。
(19)arbitrary任意的,武斷的;radical根本的,徹底的;subtle微妙的;negligible微不足道的。根據(jù)原文語境可知,這里指微妙的變化。
(20)fulfillcriteria指滿足條件,符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。句意:但正是這種變化使這只雞成為有史以來第一只符合我們標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的真正的雞。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。
第2題:
第3題:
第4題:
第5題:
第6題:
第7題:
第8題:
第9題:
第10題:
第11題:
第12題:
第13題:
第14題:
第15題:
第16題:
第17題:
第18題:
第19題:
第20題:
2.翻譯題
人類建立秩序是出于必須和渴望戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn),這樣一種有秩序的狀態(tài)就稱作“國家”,而“法律”就是維持國家存在的規(guī)則,時(shí)間伴隨著這些由法律和秩序建立起來的安寧和平靜,在時(shí)間的流逝中,經(jīng)過了數(shù)世紀(jì)的進(jìn)化,人類終于進(jìn)入了探索他自己所在的星系的時(shí)刻,只有人類在所有的生物中的進(jìn)化能被視為進(jìn)步。當(dāng)社會發(fā)生變革時(shí),每個(gè)人在其所生活的大群體中的價(jià)值和權(quán)力都會增加,個(gè)人價(jià)值在人類群體從部落漸漸變成文明社會時(shí)并未減少,它反而成了統(tǒng)治所有人的法令的指導(dǎo)。
【答案】Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe"state",andtherolesthatmaintainedit,file"law".Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.
3.單選題
Thecourtconsidersafinancial____tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.payment
B.obligation
C.option
D.penalty
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)payment“應(yīng)付的款項(xiàng)總額”;B選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù);責(zé)任”;C選項(xiàng)option“選擇;選擇權(quán)”;D選項(xiàng)penalty“罰款;罰金”。句意:法院認(rèn)為財(cái)務(wù)____是懲罰他的合適方法。根據(jù)“懲罰”推斷D選項(xiàng)“罰款”最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
4.單選題
Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.
Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.
Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.
Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.
Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.
1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?
3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?
4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause(
).
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto(
).
6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior
B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys
C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior
D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.
B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.
C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.
D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.
B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.
C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater
D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys
B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup
C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem
D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups
B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers
C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther
D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?
B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?
C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?
D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:A
【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對行為的研究理論。根據(jù)文章第一句,即本文的中心和主旨句:Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產(chǎn)生的對其攻擊行為的社會控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項(xiàng)‘探討研究人員關(guān)于猴子攻擊性理論的發(fā)展‘正確。
2.根據(jù)文章第三段:Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下,對野生動物的研究同樣顯示,饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食,幾乎沒有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動?!甪ooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項(xiàng)‘食物匱乏可能會暫時(shí)增加猴子的攻擊性,但也會導(dǎo)致沖突減少?!_。
3.根據(jù)文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而,當(dāng)像Southwick關(guān)于減少空間或食物儲備的實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有產(chǎn)生比群體內(nèi)攻擊性暫時(shí)增加更多的結(jié)果時(shí),激勵競爭的動機(jī)開始受到質(zhì)疑。確定研究人員對Southwick’s的動機(jī)理論存在懷疑,而非涉及到社會秩序,所以A選項(xiàng)‘他們對研究人員的理論提出了質(zhì)疑,這些理論可以解釋猴子被觀察到的攻擊模式‘正確。
4.根據(jù)文章最后一段,可知猴群是等級秩序很嚴(yán)格的,猴子特別注重猴群內(nèi)的等級,猴群對于外來者,往往會產(chǎn)生敵對行為,而對于外來者來說,也是對猴群的威脅,C選項(xiàng)‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合題意。
5.根據(jù)文章最后一段:Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.這些對入侵者的研究表明,同一物種的成年成員第一次相互介紹時(shí)表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)大的敵意,因?yàn)樵谌狈ι鐣刃虻那闆r下,必須建立一個(gè)人來控制動物間的關(guān)系。由此可知,此種行為是為了對動物內(nèi)部行為進(jìn)行有效控制,防止出現(xiàn)侵略性和敵對行為。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
6.文章主要論述了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究猴群內(nèi)等級地位,以及外來者的敵對和侵略行為。文章主要是壓縮猴群的生存空間的研究對猴群的攻擊以及侵略行為的影響等原因進(jìn)行了說明。A選項(xiàng)‘在實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中,空間的減少如何影響猴子群體內(nèi)的攻擊性?’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘為爭奪食物和其他猴群競爭’并沒有涉及,C選項(xiàng)‘對機(jī)制建立控制猴群的侵略性行為‘也沒有說明,D選項(xiàng)不正確。
5.翻譯題
Anunremarkedconsequenceofournewinformationage—onethatwillinfluencereaders,writers,andpublishersinthefuture—isthatbadwriting,chatspeak,text,millionsofmessageboardpoststhatcomefromandleadnowhere,arehavingacheapeningeffectonallwrittencontent.EditorsandnewsdirectorstodayfretabouttheInternetastheirpredecessorsworriedaboutradioandTV,andallnowseethehugethreattheWebrepresentstothewaytheydistributetheirproduct.
TheideathatthepracticeandcraftofwritingcansimplyretoolitselfforthedigitalageoverlooksthefactthattheWebisgivingrisetototallyuniqueformsofexpression,awritingthatisdifferentfromthekindtraditionallyfoundinbooks.
Forloversofliterarywriting,whoarenowwatchingthemarketplaceandInterneterodetheremainsofnineteenth-centuryprintculture,theseassurancesmaynotbeparticularlyconsoling.Wehavenochoicebuttoacceptthem.Arguingagainsttheforcesofdigitalizationisasmuchalosingbattleascursingthecomingoftheeveningtide.
Butbeforeweinvestourselvestoodeeplyinthisfuture,considerthis:Ifnewtechnologiesexposethebiasesinherentinprintandtext,sotheconverseistrueaswell.Codingskillsarehighlymarketableinthetwenty-firstcentury.We,asacivilization,areduty-boundtoencouragetechnologicalknow-how.
However,beforewemakethemistakeofconvincingourselvesthataknackforwritingsoftwareismorevaluablethantheabilitytosimplywritewell,wemightconsiderlookinganewatthesouvenirthatisthebook.Oneday,computerprograms—theseobjectsofourfascinationandfrustration—willlearntowritethemselves.Andwe’llbeleftwithourideas,howevergrandorshallow.
【答案】信息新時(shí)代有一個(gè)不太會引人注意的后果,那就是蹩腳的寫作。閑聊也好,文本也好,還有留言板上不計(jì)其數(shù)的跟帖都來無蹤去無影,使文字內(nèi)容大打折扣,對未來的讀者、作者和編輯都將產(chǎn)生很大影響。今天的編輯和新聞主管為因特網(wǎng)而苦惱不已,恰如其前輩們擔(dān)心收音機(jī)和電視那樣(會搶他們的飯碗)。他們都認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成的巨大威脅會影響自己產(chǎn)品的銷路。
有一種觀念認(rèn)為,寫作練習(xí)及技巧完全可重振寫作,以適應(yīng)數(shù)字時(shí)代。這種觀點(diǎn)忽視了這樣一種事實(shí):網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在引發(fā)一些非常獨(dú)特的表達(dá)形式,這種寫作完全不同于常見的傳統(tǒng)書本模式。
對喜愛文學(xué)寫作、正目睹圖書市場和因特網(wǎng)侵蝕十九世紀(jì)印刷文化殘余的人而言,這些斷言可能并不怎么令人寬慰。但除了接受,我們別無選擇。與數(shù)字化勢力抗辯無疑是一場必?cái)≈?,就如同詛咒晚潮的到來一樣徒勞。
但在尚未過深卷入前,我們不妨考慮一下:如果說新技術(shù)暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏見,那么反過來也可以說,書面文字極其適合揭示數(shù)字時(shí)代的短視。編碼技術(shù)在21世紀(jì)極為暢銷。隨著文明的發(fā)展,我們應(yīng)義不容辭地鼓勵掌握技術(shù)訣竅。
然而,要是以為編寫軟件的訣竅比流暢寫作的能力更有價(jià)值,那就錯(cuò)了。在尚未犯錯(cuò)之前,我們或許有必要重新審視一下歷史的紀(jì)念品——書籍。有朝一日,電腦編程這一既讓人著迷又令人失望的東西將學(xué)會自己編程。而我們的思想會被棄之一旁——宏觀高論也好,膚淺短見也罷。
6.單選題
Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.raised
B.lectured
C.delivered
D.preached
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”;lecture“講課;演講”;deliver“交付,發(fā)表”;preach“說教”。deliveraspeech是固定短語,意思是“發(fā)表演講”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
7.單選題
(
)thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots
B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare
C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever
D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒裝。so…that和such…that句型中,so和such放于句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意:建筑機(jī)器人是如此聰明以至于它們最終減少了建筑工地上需要的90%的勞動力。
8.單選題
ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.
Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.
EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.
Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.
InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.
Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.
“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”
1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?
2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?
3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness().
4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...?nose?”means().
5.AccordingtoConstant,().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.
B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.
C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.
D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.
B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.
C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.
D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors
B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures
C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner
D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld
B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter
C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors
D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency
B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces
C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless
D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)全文,文章主要在描述廚師康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事,講述了他對熱衷于做巧克力,并且寫了一本有關(guān)于巧克力的書,整篇文章都表現(xiàn)了他對巧克力獨(dú)特的熱愛,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”,可知康斯坦丁上個(gè)月開了餐廳,白天的時(shí)候這家餐廳就成為茶室,提供各式的巧克力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知,他新開的餐廳的特點(diǎn),白天是一個(gè)茶室,提供各種巧克力,并且可以選擇各種口味的巧克力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”,可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各種不同的氣味,他認(rèn)為嘴只能嘗出四種味道。所以這句話是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段,“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”,可知Columbus以為可可豆是當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿牛髞聿胖?,原來是一種飲料,所以排除A選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第五段,“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”,可可的質(zhì)量因地區(qū)、年份和制作方法各異。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
9.單選題
Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto()addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.clarify
B.identify
C.justify
D.magnify
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clarify表示“澄清,闡明”;B選項(xiàng)identify表示“確定,鑒定,識別”;C選項(xiàng)justify表示“證明合法,替……辯護(hù)”;D選項(xiàng)magnify表示“方大,贊美,夸大”。
由句意可知,購票者可以在網(wǎng)上購票平臺確定附加費(fèi)。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
10.單選題
Ifyouwanttokeepyourjobhere,youwillhavetobe()oflongworkinghoursandlowsalary.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tolerant
B.tolerable
C.bearable
D.tolerate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tolerant“忍受的,有忍耐力的”;B選項(xiàng)tolerable“可容忍的,容許的”;C選項(xiàng)bearable“承受得住的”;D選項(xiàng)tolerate是動詞“忍受”。句意:如果你想保住你在這里的工作,你就得忍受長時(shí)間工作,拿低工資。根據(jù)空格有一個(gè)be動詞,可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞,排除D,根據(jù)句意理解,本句表達(dá)的是忍受,而不是可容性或承受力,所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
AtfirstIdidnotawarethis,butwhenIfoundoutthenextdayfromanotherforeignguestatthehotel,aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelievemyears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.didnotaware
B.whenIfoundout
C.fromanotherforeignguestat
D.aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelieve
E.沒有錯(cuò)誤
【答案】A
【解析】動詞誤用。A項(xiàng)aware改為know。aware是形容詞,而A項(xiàng)中didnot后面應(yīng)該接動詞。
12.單選題
AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries____theapprovaloftheSenate.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.issubjectedto
B.issubjectto
C.subjected
D.subject
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.issubjectedto遭到;受到B.issubjectto受支配于
C.subjected使遭受(過去分詞)D.subject受……支配的;取決于,adj.
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】短語辨析
【解題思路】空格處為原句缺少的謂語,前后語義為“總統(tǒng)與其他國家達(dá)成的協(xié)議____經(jīng)參議院批準(zhǔn)?!庇纱丝芍摼浔磉_(dá)的是總統(tǒng)簽訂的協(xié)議需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批,issubjecttotheapprovaloftheSenate“需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批”,B選項(xiàng)issubjectto“受支配于”符合語義。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)issubjectedto“遭到;受到”,指使(某人/某事物)經(jīng)歷、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影響;
C選項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受(過去分詞)”,不符合語境;
D選項(xiàng)subject“受……支配的;取決于,adj.”,不能單獨(dú)做謂語。
【句意】總統(tǒng)與其他國家達(dá)成的協(xié)議需經(jīng)參議院批準(zhǔn)。
13.填空題
Fillineachofthenumberedblanksinthepassagewithonesuitableword.(10points)
Thewindwasstrongerthanithadbeenearlier.Ihad(1)beenoutinsuchastrongstormbefore.Aswedroverapidlythroughthewoodsthebranchesswayed(2)andforwardsabove(3).Lightningflashed.
“Iwishweweren’toutin(4)storm,”IsaidtoJohn.Thewordswerehardlyoutof(5)mouthwhenabranchfromatreecamecrashingdownacrosstheroadin(6)ofus.Weleaptoutofthecarandranquickly(7)thefallenbranch.Wehadtomoveit,otherwisewe(8)notbeabletocontinue(9)journey.
Wepulledandpusheduntilwewerefinallyabletomoveit(10)thesideoftheroad.Wegotbackintothecaranddrove(11)downtheroad.Wehadtogettothehouse(12)time.LordBrenton,(13)wasdying,wasthe(14)personwhocouldgiveustheinformationweneeded(15)wecouldcatchthemurderers.Hewasakeywitness.
Atlastwereachedourdestination.Thehouse(16)litupinsidelikeaChristmas(17).Hemust(18)bealive,Ithought,aswejumped(19)ofthecarandranupthestepsto(20)entranceofthehugeVictorianhouse.“Ithinkwe’vemadeit,”IcalledtoJohn.
【答案】1.never
2.quickly
3.all
4.the
5.my
6.front
7.avoiding
8.can
9.our
10.on
11.straight
12.on
13.who
14.important
15.so
16.was
17.Eve
18.to
19.out
20.make
【解析】1.根據(jù)上下文可知,這里應(yīng)該是想表達(dá)作者從沒有在這么大風(fēng)暴的環(huán)境出去過,因此可填入“never”。句意:我以前從未在這么大的暴風(fēng)雨中出去過。
2.根據(jù)“swayed”可知,這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)副詞,修飾“swayed”,并且與“rapidly”相應(yīng)的詞,因此這里可填入“quickly”。句意:我們駕車疾馳穿過樹林時(shí),樹枝搖擺得很快。
3.考查固定搭配,根據(jù)上下文可知,這里想表達(dá)的是“尤其”,因此可填入“all”,與above為固定搭配。句意:尤其是在前方。
4.根據(jù)上下文可知,這里想表達(dá)的是特指這個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨,因此填入“the”。句意:我希望我們沒在暴風(fēng)雨里。
5.根據(jù)上文可知,前面我說“我希望我們沒在暴風(fēng)雨里”,但是這些話是還沒從我的嘴巴里說出來,因此填入“my”,符合語境。句意:這些話我?guī)缀鯖]說出口。
6.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句意,可知是一根樹枝掉在我們前面,“infrontof”同樣也是固定搭配。句意:一根樹枝從我們面前的馬路上掉了下來。
7.根據(jù)上下文語義,可知我們一系列動作是為了避免掉落的分支,因此可以填入一個(gè)“避免”的單詞。句意:我們從車?yán)锾鰜?,飛快地跑著,避開掉下來的樹枝。
8.根據(jù)上文otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折,可知下文表示我們不能……,這里填入一個(gè)“can”。句意:我們不能夠繼續(xù)。
9.根據(jù)上下文,這里作者想表達(dá)的是,否則我們不能夠繼續(xù)我們的旅程,可推測這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)“our”。句意:我們不能夠繼續(xù)我們的旅程。
10.考查固定搭配,根據(jù)上文可知,我們又推又拉將樹枝移動到路邊,“onthesideoftheroad”(在道路的邊上),因此填入“on”,句意:我們又拉又推,直到最后能夠把它移到路邊。
11.根據(jù)上文我們回到車?yán)铮梢酝茰y,作者要繼續(xù)沿著這條路一直開下去,因此應(yīng)填入“straight”,“drovestraightdown”(筆直開下去)。句意:我們回到車?yán)?,沿著這條路一直開下去。
12.考查固定搭配,這里想表達(dá)的是,我們必須要按時(shí)回家,“ontime”(按時(shí),準(zhǔn)時(shí)),因此應(yīng)填入“on”。句意:我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)到家。
13.根據(jù)上下文,句中不缺少成分,可知這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)代詞,又因前面是一個(gè)人,因此應(yīng)填入“who”。句意:垂死的布倫頓勛爵。
14.根據(jù)后文的person,可知這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾“person”,以及后文的key,可推測這里需要填入一個(gè)表示“重要的”的詞。句意:布倫頓勛爵是一個(gè)重要的人。
15.根據(jù)上下文語境,兩者之間表示因果關(guān)系,因此填入“so”,句意:布蘭登勛爵可以提供我們需要的信息這樣我們就能抓住兇手。
16.根據(jù)上下文語境,可知是房子被點(diǎn)亮,需要使用一個(gè)被動語態(tài),因此填入“was”。句意:房子被點(diǎn)亮了。
17.上文說到房子燈火通明,像圣誕……,可推測像“平安夜”的夜晚。句意:屋子里燈火通明,就像平安夜一樣。
18.考查固定搭配,“mustto”(必須)。句意:他一定還活著。
19.根據(jù)上下文可知,這里“我們”應(yīng)當(dāng)是從車?yán)锍鰜?,所以?yīng)在橫線處填上“out”。句意:我想,當(dāng)我們跳下車的時(shí)候。
20.根據(jù)上下文可知,這里是說作者進(jìn)入了這個(gè)大房間,因此可填入“make”。句意:我們跑上臺階,來到那幢維多利亞式的大房子門口。
14.單選題
MerrileeMiller,merchantsassociationmarketingdirector,calledthefestivitiesa(n)_______forthesickeningfeelingsleftbytheshootingsatWestroadsMallonWednesday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.antifebrile
B.antidot
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