考研考博-英語-北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:你在很多國家居住過，所以我想你應(yīng)該和剛到這里的人會(huì)有一些共鳴。只有選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

2.單選題

Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morewealthyt

B.lesssuccessfult

C.dismissedearliert

D.favorablypositioned

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞語辨析。主語是students（學(xué)生），根據(jù)句子語境推測betteroff表示“表現(xiàn)好，排名靠前”；A項(xiàng)wealthy“富有的”，它的比較級(jí)形式是wealthier；B項(xiàng)lesssuccessful“不太成功”，C項(xiàng)dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”，D項(xiàng)favorablypositioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些為考試做了充分準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生排名靠前。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

BecausewehadeatenturkeyonThanksgivingforsomanyyears,wewonderedwhethersomeotherdishmightbeanequallytasty______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternative

B.alternation

C.altercation

D.allusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中擇一；供替代的選擇；替代品”；B選項(xiàng)alternation“交替，輪流，間隔”；C選項(xiàng)altercation“爭論；爭吵；爭辯；口角”；D選項(xiàng)allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于這么多年來我們?cè)诟卸鞴?jié)時(shí)都吃火雞，我們從未想過是否其他的飯菜會(huì)成為同樣可口的替代。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)；選擇權(quán)；買賣的特權(quán)”；B選項(xiàng)alternative“替換物，替代品”；C選項(xiàng)supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在銷售放緩在這一年早些時(shí)候開始出現(xiàn)后，流動(dòng)房屋作為日益昂貴的傳統(tǒng)房屋的一種替代物而一直受到青睞。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

TheAmericantraditionhasfoundthisviewofhumanhistoryrepugnantandfalse.（1）

Thistraditionseestheworldasmany,notasone.Theseempiricalinstincts,thepreferenceforfactoverlogic,fordeedoverdogma,havefoundtheirmostbrilliantexpressioninthewritingsofWilliamJamesandintheapproachtophilosophicalproblemswhichJamescalled“radicalempiricism”.Againstthebeliefintheall-encompassingpowerofasingleexplanation,againstthecommitmenttotheabsolutismofideology,againstthenotionthatallanswerstopoliticalandsocialproblemscanbefoundinthebackofsomesacredbook,againstthedeterministicinterpretationofhistory,againstthecloseduniverse,（2）

Jamesstoodforwhathecalledtheunfinisheduniverse―auniversemarkedbygrowth,variety,ambiguity,mystery,andcontingency―auniversewherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwherenomortalmanwillevergetanabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth,auniversewheresocialprogressdependsnotoncapitulationtoasingle,all-consumingbodyof

doctrine,butonthe

unforced

intercourseofunconstrainedminds.

Thusideologyandpragmatismdifferradicallyintheirviewsofhistory.Theydifferjustasradicallyintheirapproachtoissuesofpublicpolicy.Theideologist,bymistakingmodelsforreality,alwaysmisleadsastothepossibilitiesandconsequencesofpublicdecision.Thehistoryofthetwentiethcenturyisarecordofthemanifoldwaysinwhichhumanityhasbeenbetrayedbyideology.

Letustakeanexamplefromcontemporaryhistory.（3）

Itisevidentnow,forexample,thatthechoicebetweenprivateandpublicmeans,thatchoicewhichhasobsessedsomuchrecentpoliticalandeconomicdiscussioninunderdevelopedcountries,isnotamatterofreligiousprinciple.Itisnotamoralissuetobedecidedonabsolutistgrounds,eitherbythoseontherightwhoregardtheuseofpublicmeansaswickedandsinful,orbythoseontheleftwhoregardtheuseofprivatemeanswickedandsinful.Itissimplyapracticalquestionastowhichmeanscanbestachievethedesiredend.Itisaproblemtobeanswerednotbytheologybutbyexperienceandexperiment.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse.Theybelongtothevocabularyofdemagoguery,nottothevocabularyofanalysis.

So,withtheinventionofthemixedsociety,pragmatismhastriumphedoverabsolutism.Asaconsequence,theworldiscomingtounderstandthatthemixedeconomyofferedtheinstrumentalitiesthroughwhichonecanunitesocialcontrolwithindividualfreedom.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhowmuchitisexposedbyexperience,thecravingforitstillpersists.Thatcravingwill,nodoubt,alwayspersist,solongasthereishumanhungerforanall-embracing,all-explanatorysystem,solongindeedaspoliticalphilosophyisshapedbythecompulsiontoreturntothewomb.

Theoldestphilosophicalproblem,wehavenoted,istherelationshipbetweentheoneandtheoneandthemany.Surelythebasicconflictofourtimesispreciselytheconflictbetweenthosewhowouldreducetheworldtooneandthosewhoseetheworldasmany—betweenthosewhobelievethattheworldisevolvinginasingledirection,alongasinglepredestinedline,towardasinglepredestinedconclusion,andthosewhothinkthathumanityinthefuture,asinthepast,willcontinuetoevolveindiversedirections,towarddiverseconclusions,accordingtothediversetraditions,values,andpurposesofdiversepeoples.Itisachoice,inshort,betweendogmatismandpragmatism,betweenthetheologicalsocietyandtheexperimentalsociety.

Ideologistsareafraidofthefreeflowofideas,evenofdeviantideaswithintheirownideology.TheyareconvincedtheyhaveamonopolyontheTruth.Thereforetheyalwaysfeelthattheyareonlysavingtheworldwhentheyslaughtertheheretics.（4）

Theirobjectiveremainsthatofmakingtheworldoverintheimageoftheirdogmaticideology.Thegoalisamonolithicworld,organizedondieprincipleofinfallibility—buttheonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.

Thegoaloffreemenisquitedifferent.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth.Theirreligiousandtheirintellectualheritagejoininleadingthemtosuspectfellowmenwholayclaimtoinfallibility.TheybelievethatthereisnogreaterdelusionthanformantomistakehimselfforGod.（5）

Theyacceptthelimitationsofthehumanintellectandtheinfirmityofthehumanspirit.Thedistinctivehumantriumph,intheirjudgment,liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstrivingbuttostrivenonetheless.

【答案】1.這種傳統(tǒng)將世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。威廉?詹姆斯的作品以及詹姆斯所謂的“激進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義”對(duì)待哲學(xué)問題的方法，最好地表達(dá)了這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的本能，即注重事實(shí)而不是推理，注重行為而不是教條。

2.詹姆斯主張被他稱為“未完成的世界”的觀點(diǎn)——一個(gè)以成長性、多樣性、不確定性、神秘性、偶然性為特征的世界——一個(gè)自由的人們可以找到部分真理、而不是某個(gè)凡人獨(dú)自掌握了絕對(duì)真理的世界；一個(gè)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步不是依賴單一、耗盡所有精力的學(xué)說，而是依靠自由思想不受約束的交流的世界。

3.例如，在選擇公有制還是私有制的問題上，發(fā)展中國家在近來的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)討論中備受困擾，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很清楚了，這不是宗教原則問題。

4.他們的追求仍然是根據(jù)他們意識(shí)形態(tài)的教條概念去改造世界。他們的目標(biāo)是按照確定無誤的理論，建造一個(gè)龐大而僵化的世界——然而，絕對(duì)的體制必然導(dǎo)致權(quán)力的濫用。

5.他們承認(rèn)人類智力的局限性及心靈的脆弱性。根據(jù)他們的判斷，人類與眾不同的巨大成就在于他們懂得人類的奮斗雖然存在缺憾，但仍然奮斗不息的能力。

6.單選題

Mostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluencepolicyonuseofnuclearpower,conservingtheenvironmentandendangeredanimals,localandstatetaxes,theappropriateuseoffundsbyorganizationsofwhichtheyaremembers,properlanduseandthenatureofeducationinthepublicschools,andahostofotherissues.Someoftheseaffectthespeakers’immediateself-interest;othersareattemptstomakethesocialenvironmentconformmorecloselytotheirownideas.Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.

Eveninjobsrelyingontechnicalspecialization,theopportunitiesanddemandsforpublicspeakingskillsremainmorecommonthanmanycollegestudentsrealize.Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokespersonforconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethecompany.Thecertifiedpublicaccountantfindsanopportunitytoteachclassesinherareaofspeculation.Thedentisthastogivespeechesasanofficerofhisdentalassociation.

Sometimesyoumayhavetomakeaspeechaspartofyourdutiesinyourjobororganization.Perhapsmorefrequentlyyouwillhaveopportunitieswhereyouspeakvoluntarily,aswhenyouspeakoutinameeting.Someofthesespeakingsituationswillbeoflittleconsequence;youwillfeelbetterifyoudothespeechwell,butitwillnotreallymakemuchdifference.Inothersituations,thespeechmaybesignificantfortheaudience.Inthesesituations,itiscomfortingtoknowthatyoucandoatleastanadequatejob.Andyoumaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequately.Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment.

Somebeginning-speechstudentsaresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycangiveapublicspeechatall,muchlesstheskillfulandeffectiveonestheywillbeproducingbytheendofthecourse.Theprimarypurposesofaspeechcoursearetoexpandyourunderstandingoftechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking,andtogiveyousomepracticesothatyouwillbemoreconfidentandeffectiveinmoresituations.Withskillandconfidenceyoudevelopapowertobenefityourselfandthesocietyaroundyou.

1.Thetextintendstoshowyou（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,effectivespeakingabilitydoesbenefitpeoplealotexcepton（

）.

3.Youneedtospeakeffectivelyif（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthetextthat（

）.

5.Sometimesyouarenotcontentwhenyoufinishyourspeechbecauseyouknow（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofspeakingbeforethepublic

B.thetechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking

C.thepurposesandaimsofaspeechcourse

D.themostcivilizedwaystoexertourinfluences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalconservation

B.audienceawareness

C.technicalmaintenance

D.careerpromotion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.youareastudent

B.youareanengineer

C.youwanttostudywell

D.youwanttoinfluenceothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agoodspeakermayhavegreaterchanceinhiscareer

B.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

C.speakingatameetingisoftenpartofone’sduties

D.peopleoftenexercisetheirpowerbymakingspeeches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.yourspeechmakeslittledifferencetotheaudience

B.theaudience’sbetterunderstandingismoreessentialtoyou

C.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

D.thespeech-makingoccasionisnotimportantintheleast

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是在公眾面前講話的重要性，選項(xiàng)B，C，D是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不是本文主旨，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eveninjobsrelyingon...collegestudentsrealize.”即使是在依靠專業(yè)技能的工作中，對(duì)公眾演講技能的機(jī)會(huì)和需求也比許多大學(xué)生意識(shí)到的更為普遍。由此可以推斷，公眾演講對(duì)技能要求高，很難保持。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.”在這樣的問題上有效地發(fā)言，足以影響他人的意見和行動(dòng)，就是在行使權(quán)力。也就是說，如果你想影響別人，你的講話一定要有效。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees...”工程師發(fā)現(xiàn),如果他的職業(yè)生涯想要發(fā)展，他必須愿意承擔(dān)管理職責(zé)，包括向員工群體發(fā)表演講...由此可以推斷，一個(gè)好的演講者在他的職業(yè)生涯中可能有更大的機(jī)遇。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，你可能不僅僅只是滿足于完成（演講）任務(wù)，能夠增加聽眾的理解或說服他們是我們作為個(gè)體影響環(huán)境的最文明的方式之一。所有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Theworld’sgreatestsnow-cappedpeaks,whichruninachainfromtheHimalayastoTianShan（1）theborderofChinaandKyrgyzstan,havelostnoice（2）thelastdecade,newresearchshows.

Thediscoveryhasstunnedscientists,who（3）thataround50bntonsofmeltwater（4）eachyearandnotbeingreplacedbynewsnowfall.

Thestudyisthefirsttosurveyalltheworld’sicecapsandglaciersandwasmade（5）bytheuseofsatellitedata.Overall,thecontributionofmeltingiceoutsidethetwolargestcaps一GreenlandandAntarctica—ismuch（6）thanpreviouslyestimated，withthelackoficelossintheHimalayasandtheotherhighpeaksofAsia（7）mostofthediscrepancy.

BristolUniversityglaciologistProfJonathanBamber,whowasnotpartoftheresearchteam,said,“TheveryunexpectedresultwasthenegligiblemasslossfromhighmountainAsia,whichisnot（8）differentfromzero.”

ThemeltingofHimalayanglacierscaused（9）in2009whenareportfromtheUN’sintergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangemistakenlystatedthattheywoulddisappearby2035,insteadof2350.（10

），thescientistwholedthenewworkisclearthatwhilegreateruncertaintyhasbeendiscoveredinAsia’shighestmountains,themeltingoficecapsandglaciersaroundtheworld（11

）aseriousconcern.

“Ourresultsandthoseofeveryoneelseshowwearelosingahugeamountofwaterintotheoceanseveryyear,”saidProfJohnWahroftheUniversityofColorado.“Peopleshouldbejustasworriedaboutthemeltingoftheworld’siceastheywerebefore.”

Histeam’sstudy,publishedinthejournalNature,concludesthatbetween443-629bntonsofmeltwateroverallareaddedtotheworld’soceanseachyear.Thisis（12

）sealevelbyabout1.5mmayear,theteamreports,（13

）the2mmayearcausedbyexpansionofthewarmingocean.

Thescientistsarecarefultopointoutthatlower-altitudeglaciersintheAsianmountainranges—sometimesdubbedthe“thirdpole”—are（14

）melting.Satelliteimagesandreportsconfirmthis.Butoverthestudyperiodfrom2003-10enoughicewasaddedtothepeaksto（15

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.across

D.over

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.as

C.upon

D.over

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.believed

B.hadbelieved

C.havebelieved

D.werebelieving

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.werebeingshedding

B.wereshedding

C.werebeingshed

D.wereshed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.impossible

B.possible

C.unavailable

D.available

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.shorter

B.smaller

C.fewer

D.less

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.inchargeof

B.responsiblefor

C.liablefor

D.causedby

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.significantly

B.meaningfully

C.informatively

D.expressively

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.agreement

B.consensus

C.controversy

D.difference

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Besides

B.Furthermore

C.Despite

D.However

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.resumes

B.remains

C.keeps

D.lasts

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.rising

B.arising

C.raising

D.rearing

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.including

B.addingupto

C.additionally

D.inadditionto

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.necessarily

C.exactly

D.particularly

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.replace

B.refund

C.compensate

D.balance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:C

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。空格后是theborderof，選項(xiàng)中只有on可以與其搭配，表示“在……的邊界”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（2）考查介詞用法?？崭窈笫莟helastdecade，表示時(shí)間，與over搭配時(shí)表示“在過去的十年內(nèi)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）考查語法知識(shí)。本句前部分提到“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了科學(xué)家”，說明這是與科學(xué)家以前的發(fā)現(xiàn)不同。相對(duì)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家以前的動(dòng)作屬于過去完成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（4）考查語法知識(shí)。根絕選項(xiàng)得知?jiǎng)釉~為shed（流失），空格前的meltwater與shed應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。冰雪融化成水流失是不斷進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此需要使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（5）考查上下文語義。句意：由于使用了衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，這項(xiàng)第一次針對(duì)全世界的冰蓋和冰川的研究……。聯(lián)系上下文，覆蓋全球范圍的研究得益于衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，得以順利進(jìn)行。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。bemadepossible表示“使……稱為可能，使……得以發(fā)生”。

（6）考查上下文語義。句意：總的來說,外融冰的貢獻(xiàn)最大的兩個(gè)冰蓋一格陵蘭島和南極洲——比先前估計(jì)……的多。聯(lián)系前文提到發(fā)現(xiàn)融冰量并不如科學(xué)家們以為的多，因此空格處應(yīng)填表示量少的否定詞。ice為不可數(shù)名詞，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（7）考查詞組辨析。inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé)，主管”；responsiblefor“為……負(fù)責(zé)；是……的緣由”；liablefor“對(duì)……有責(zé)任”；causedby“歸因于”。句意：……沒有冰川損失的喜馬拉雅山脈和亞洲其他32個(gè)高峰是造成此差異的緣故。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（8）考查副詞辨析。significantly“顯著地；相當(dāng)數(shù)量地”；meaningfully“有意義地”；informatively“提供消息地”；expressively“表現(xiàn)地；意味深長地”。前文句意：令人意想不到的結(jié)果是亞洲高山冰川的質(zhì)量損失微不足道。非限定性定語從句中的not…different應(yīng)與negligible相符合。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意，表示“與零沒有顯著的區(qū)別”。

（9）考查名詞辨析。agreement“協(xié)議；同意”；consensus“一致；輿論”；controversy“爭論，辯論”；difference“差異”。本句提到，2009年一份有關(guān)氣候變化的報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤地顯示喜馬拉雅冰川將在2035年而不是2350年消失時(shí)，引起了……。由mistakenlystates等字眼可知，此處應(yīng)為引起了爭論，而不是所有人達(dá)成一致意見。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（10）考查邏輯關(guān)系。前文講述亞洲高山冰川的積雪損失可以忽略不計(jì)這一好的結(jié)果，空格后提到應(yīng)該關(guān)注全世界冰蓋和冰川融化的現(xiàn)象屬于轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resume“繼續(xù)；恢復(fù)”；remain“保持某狀態(tài)，依然”；keep“使……保持某狀態(tài)；經(jīng)營”；last“持續(xù)；維持”。句意：世界各地的冰冠和冰川融化（依然）是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（12）考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。本句表示海平面上升，空格后有賓語，因此必須填及物動(dòng)詞。在表示“上升”時(shí)，rise和arise都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此排除。rear“養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)”不符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（13）考查詞語辨析。including“包含，包括”；addingupto“總計(jì)達(dá)……”；additionally“此外，加之”；inadditionto“除……之外（還有）”。本句表示除海平面每年上升1.5毫米之外，海洋暖流范圍的擴(kuò)大引起海平面每年上升2毫米?？崭窈笫敲~，不能用副詞additionally修飾。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（14）考查副詞辨析。definitely“清楚地，明確地”；necessarily“必要地”；exactly“恰好地”；particularly“特別地”。句意：科學(xué)家們謹(jǐn)慎地指出，亞洲山脈的低海拔冰川——有時(shí)被稱為“第三極”，……正在融化。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)符合。

（15）考查上下文語義。replace“取代”；refund“退還”；compensate“補(bǔ)償”；balance“使平衡”。前文提到的是冰川消融，本句開頭有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，說明空格處應(yīng)填入與冰川消融反義的詞語。綜合以上，“補(bǔ)償損失”最合適，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“為慶祝”；B選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與…形成對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對(duì)兩篇新聞報(bào)道的描述，每一篇都有一個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)與另一篇形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

9.單選題

Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.

Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.

Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.

Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.

Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.

1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?

2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.

3.38.Thenewstudy（）.

4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.

5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausessealevelstorise.

B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.

C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.

D.Itcausessealevelstochange.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.low-lyingurbanareas

B.allcoastalcities

C.peoplewholiveonthebeach

D.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevels

B.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknow

C.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperatures

D.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowerwaterlevels

B.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearth

C.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghai

D.betterpredictclimatechange

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.

B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.

C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.

D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞ocean’stemperaturerises可以定位到文章第一段中“Higheroceantemperaturesexpendthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”中文翻譯為“海水溫度的升高將會(huì)導(dǎo)致海水體積的膨脹，從而導(dǎo)致海平面的上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對(duì)處在全球地勢(shì)低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅”可以得知海水溫度升高會(huì)使海平面上升。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：海平面上升尤其會(huì)對(duì)小島國和…構(gòu)成威脅。定位到第一段中“contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”譯為：導(dǎo)致海平面上升，最終淹沒那些較小的島國并且對(duì)處在全球地勢(shì)低洼的人口密集的三角洲地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅。因此A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞newstudy可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句話“Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustraliaWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.”中文翻譯為：由于澳大利亞的天氣和氣候研究中心的CatiaDomingues主導(dǎo)的這一項(xiàng)新的研究首次將模型與觀測數(shù)據(jù)相協(xié)調(diào)?？芍狟選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二句話“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對(duì)海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米。由此可以選項(xiàng)A，D錯(cuò)誤。故答案選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段中“Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.”譯為：“科學(xué)家們表示，明確這些因素導(dǎo)致海平面上升的方式，對(duì)于理解氣候變化和預(yù)測未來氣溫的升高至關(guān)重要”以及最后一段中“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”譯為：通過使用新技術(shù)對(duì)海平面2300英尺以下的海水溫度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從1961年到2003年，氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的0.32毫米?？芍@將有助于科學(xué)家們后期更好地預(yù)測氣候變化，因此答案選D。

5.根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段中“...itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC”中文翻譯為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變暖的熱力作用導(dǎo)致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所說的032毫米。因此選擇答案B。

10.單選題

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhensixteenpeoplearrive（

）fordinner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.unexpectedly

D.consequently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。unusually意為“非常，特別地”；excessively意為“過渡地”；unexpectedly意為“未料到地，意外地”；consequently意為“所以，因此”。

句意：我一點(diǎn)兒不介意你帶你的朋友來喝一杯，但意外地帶來十六個(gè)人來吃晚飯就有點(diǎn)太多了。

11.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國式問候

吃飯時(shí)間，“你吃了嗎？”是中國人最常用的問候語。不理解這種風(fēng)俗的外國人會(huì)認(rèn)為這是在邀請(qǐng)一起吃飯。但是，這僅僅是簡單的問候，不是真的在發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，所以可以回答“吃了，我吃過了。”或者說“沒有，我還沒吃?！背恕澳愠粤藛?”，中文中還有其他打招呼的方式，比如說“去哪兒？”、“忙嗎？”、“干什么呢？”、“去上班？”等等。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中國人問候的時(shí)候喜歡問別人在做什么，做了什么，要做什么。

【答案】Chinesegreeting

“Haveyoueaten?”isacommongreetingamongChinesewhenitisthetimeforameal.Foreignerswhodonotunderstandthiskindofcustommightregardthisasaninvitationtohaveamealtogether.However,thisisjustasimplegreeting,notarealinvitation,socanreplywith“Yes,Ihaveeaten.”or“No,notyet.”Inadditionto“Haveyoueaten?”,therearemanyotherexpressionsforsayinghelloinChinese,like“Whereareyougoing?”,“Areyoubusy?”,“Whatareyoudoing?”,“Areyougoingtowork?”,etc.WecanfindthatwhenChinesepeoplegreeteachother,theyliketoaskaboutthethingsothersaredoing,justdidoraregoingtodo.

12.單選題

Weshould（

）ourhumanandmaterialresourcesifwearetosucceedinthejointventure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.pick

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們想要辦成合資企業(yè)的話，就應(yīng)該集中我們的人力和物力資源。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pour使(液體)連續(xù)流出，傾倒，倒出傾瀉；plunge使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool共用，聚攏（資金、知識(shí)、設(shè)備等）；pick拾取，精選，采摘。因此C符合句意。

13.單選題

TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasreleasedareportabouthowdiseaseweakenstheeconomiesofpoorcountries.Foryears,peoplebelievedthatgoodhealthisadirectresultofstrongeconomicdevelopment.However,thisstudysuggeststheoppositeistrue.Itsaysthatstrongeconomicdevelopmentisanimportantresultofimprovedhealth.

Aninternationalcommitteeofeconomistsandexpertsinpublichealthandpolicycarriedoutthestudy.Somepeoplesaythestudyisthemostcompleteexaminationtolinkfinancialaidsinhealthcaretoeconomicgrowth.

Thestudycallsforalargeincreaseinforeignaidforhealthcareservicesindevelopingcountries.Intheworld’srichestcountries,totalspendingforhealthcareforeachpersonisalmost$2,000ayear.However,intheworld’spoorestnations,spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonisonly$13ayear.

TheWHOsaysthisamountshouldbeincreasedto$38ayearforeachpersonby2015.Themoneywouldhelppoornationsprovidetreatmentfordiseases.Itwouldalsoprovidebabieswithimportanthealthcareearlyinlife.

JeffreySachsofHarvardUniversityledthestudy.Hesaysabouteightmillionlivescouldbesavedeachyeariftherichestnationsincreasedspendingonhealthcareindevelopingcountries.Inaddition,MisterSachssaysmorethanfiftyoftheworld’spoorestcountrieswouldhaveachancetoimprovethelivingandeconomicconditionsfortheirpeople.

ThereportalsoprovidesnewinformationabouthowAIDS,tuberculosisandmalaria（瘧疾）affecteconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssuggest8,000milliondollarsbeprovidedeachyeartohelpfightthesediseases.

TheWHOplanstosendthestudytomanyofficialsaroundtheworldincludingheadsofstate,ministersoffinance,healthandtrade,membersofnationalparliamentsandnon-governmentalorganizations.Itsaysthereportisavaluableguideforfutureinternationalhealthprograms,policiesandfinancing.

1.Whatrelationshipistherebetweeneconomyandhealthaccordingtothepassage?

2.Ifspendingonhealthisincreasedindevelopingcountries,thefollowingwillcometrueexceptthat（）.

3.Spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonintheworld’spoorestcountriesin2015is（）atpresent.

4.Thestudywillbesenttoallthefollowingexcept（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Diseaseweakenstheeconomiesofrichcountries.

B.Healthhaslittleeffectontheeconomiesofrichcountries.

C.Diseaseresultsinweakeconomies.

D.Goodhealthresultsfromstrongeconomicdevelopment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.eightmillionliveswillbesaved

B.peopleinthepoorestcountrieswillhaveenoughmoneyfortheirliving

C.fiftypoorcountrieswillimprovetheirlivingcondition

D.economicconditionswillbeimprovedinthepoorestcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameasthat

B.abouttwiceasmuchasthat

C.aboutthreetimesasmuchasthat

D.aboutfourtimesasmuchasthat

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.membersofnon-governmentalorganizationsandministersofhealth

B.ministersoffinanceandmembersofnationalparliaments

C.ministersoftradeandheadsofstate

D.membersofinternationalhealthprograms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Healthcareforbabiesinpoorcountrieshasimproved.

B.Totalspendingforhealthcareishigherinrichcountriesthaninpoorones.

C.If