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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.
Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.
Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs,areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”
Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”
Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.
1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?
2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof(
).
3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?
4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing
(
).
5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Geographicfactors.
B.Biologicaldifferences.
C.Evolution.
D.Cross-culturalcommunication.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress
B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople
C.hostilitybetweenraces
D.civilizations’diversephilosophies
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.
B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.
C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.
D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange
B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies
C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth
D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.
B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.
C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism
D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論,一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境,一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性,分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和B選項(xiàng),都不是作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。在第一段最后提到,這兩種理論有共同點(diǎn):文化和社會(huì)是進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物,也就是evolution。這一點(diǎn)由作者歸納得來,并且在下文中展開講述,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”,可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價(jià),是敵對(duì)趨勢的結(jié)果。因此C選項(xiàng)“種族之間的敵對(duì)”符合題意。
第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號(hào)做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”,作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國”符合作者的定義。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動(dòng)性的,早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動(dòng)性的,它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來,并形成獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點(diǎn)相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對(duì)種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”,文化的變化并沒有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項(xiàng)“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.單選題
SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.impersonal
B.single-minded
C.overwhelmed
D.subjective
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的,非個(gè)人的”;B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專心的,純真的”;C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的,被湮沒的”;D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的,個(gè)人的”。句意:既然海倫是我的妻子,我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.填空題
(1)hestudiedinAmericaforthreeyears,hecan’twriteEnglishverywell.Heisratherembarrassedbythisnow.He(2)hehadnotspentmoretime(3)hiswrittenEnglishwhilehewasabroad.
句意:盡管在美國學(xué)習(xí)過三年,但是他的英語書寫能力卻很差。這讓他現(xiàn)在倍感尷尬。他說自己在國外時(shí)沒有在書面英語上花較多的時(shí)間。
【答案】1.Although
2.said
3.on
【解析】1.邏輯分析。空格所在句子與其后面句子構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。
2.語義題。用said表示“說過”。
3.固定搭配。Spendtimeon花時(shí)間在某事上。
4.單選題
Hutuextremistsingovernmentorganizedthekillingandusedstateradiostationstourgeordinarypeopletocrushthecockroaches—aHutu_______forTutsis.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.cursor
B.irregularity
C.slur
D.amende
【答案】C
【解析】cursor光標(biāo),指針;irregularity不規(guī)則,無規(guī)律;slur污點(diǎn),誹謗;amende道歉,賠償。句意:政府中的胡圖族極端分子組織了這次屠殺,并利用國家廣播電臺(tái)慫恿平民百姓鎮(zhèn)壓蟑螂——這是胡圖族對(duì)圖西人的蔑稱。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
5.單選題
Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot().Youshouldnotrefertothem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.accurate
B.fixed
C.delicate
D.rigid
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accurate“精確的”;fixed“確定的,固執(zhí)的”;delicate“微妙的,精美的”;rigid“嚴(yán)格的,僵硬的”。句意:那份報(bào)告中的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是不精確的,你不應(yīng)該參考它們。A項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.
By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.
By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.
IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.
Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.
Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.
80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.
IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,JapanandIndia.
By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.
Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,film,clips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.
Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericaprisonpopulation.
Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.
Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.
1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?
4.Whichofthefollowingareasisnotdiscussedinthepassage?
5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize(
)inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Americanmanagementpersonnel
B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel
C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer
D.traditionalpracticeatwork
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership
B.thetendencyofcomputerownership
C.thedividinglinebasedondigits
D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.
B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.
C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.
D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.futurecareers
B.Natureoffuturework
C.ethnicdifferences
D.Schoolsandlibraries
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.thevarietyofeducation
B.thecontentofeducation
C.theneedforeducation
D.thefunctionofeducation
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
A選項(xiàng)“美國管理人員”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識(shí)工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后);
B選項(xiàng)“歐洲管理人員”,同A選項(xiàng)解析;
C選項(xiàng)“美國人對(duì)職業(yè)的選擇”,定位到第三段By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements…”(到2005年,一半的知識(shí)型員工(22%的勞動(dòng)力)將選擇“彈性工作時(shí)間、彈性工作地點(diǎn)、彈性安排……),由此可知C選項(xiàng)排除;
D選項(xiàng)“工作中的傳統(tǒng)做法”,文章沒有提及,這里屬于無中生有,所以答案選D。
第2題:判斷推理題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長),這句話解釋了前文的數(shù)字鴻溝的消失,第二步,尋找上下文線索,第四段第一句內(nèi)容是數(shù)字鴻溝在消失,而這句內(nèi)容是黑人家庭電腦擁有率和白人家庭的差不多了,而且黑人家庭電腦擁有率還在上升,所以從這里可知數(shù)字鴻溝指的是A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)所有權(quán)方面的差距”;
B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)所有權(quán)的趨勢”,由上可知,無論是黑人還是白人,電腦的擁有量都是在增加的,屬于曲意理解。
C選項(xiàng)“基于數(shù)字的分界線”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
D選項(xiàng)“美國家庭的種族差異”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
第3題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“到2005年,所有大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)材料都將電子化”;B選項(xiàng)“到2005年,大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)材料將由電子材料補(bǔ)充”;C選項(xiàng)“到2005年,一些大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)資料將附有唯讀光碟?!?;D選項(xiàng)“到2005年,因特網(wǎng)連接使全球圖書館搜索成為可能?!?。定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學(xué)課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學(xué)習(xí)練習(xí)和相關(guān)新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學(xué)習(xí)。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)從這里可知B、C選項(xiàng)正確,A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,所以答案選A;第十段第一句話Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005(到2005年,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將提供世界上所有主要圖書館的卡片目錄),從這里可知選項(xiàng)D正確,所以不選。
第4題:判斷推理題。句意:下列那個(gè)領(lǐng)域沒有在文章中討論。A選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)”;B選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)的性質(zhì)”;C選項(xiàng)“種族差距”;D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和圖書館”。A選項(xiàng)定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識(shí)工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后),從這里可知選項(xiàng)A話題有提及;定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長)這里講述了美國的數(shù)字鴻溝,討論了種族之間的差距,所以C選項(xiàng)文章有提及;D選項(xiàng)定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學(xué)課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學(xué)習(xí)練習(xí)和相關(guān)新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學(xué)習(xí)。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)這里可知D選項(xiàng)文章有提及;所以答案選B。
第5題:判斷推理題。題干:在文章的最后,作者似乎強(qiáng)調(diào)了()在這個(gè)日益高科技的世界。A選項(xiàng)“教育的多樣”;B選項(xiàng)“教育的內(nèi)容”;C選項(xiàng)“教育的需求”;D選項(xiàng)“未來的教育”。最后一段第一二句Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.(即使是入門級(jí)工人和那些以前沒有技能的崗位也需要不斷提高教育水平。),從這句可以看出來教育無論對(duì)誰來說都是很必要的,所以答案選C;A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
7.單選題
Ifearlyhumans(
)asmuchastheydid,theyprobably(
)toevolveintodifferentspecies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue
B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued
C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued
D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued
【答案】C
【解析】由題干句末“進(jìn)化成不同物種可知”,本題考查虛擬條件句。題干中的主語是earlyhumans“早期的人類”,說明這是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.單選題
Hewilllive(
)whathisparentsexpectofhim.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.off
C.upto
D.to
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配liveupto“不辜負(fù),達(dá)到”,liveon“以……為食”;liveoff“依靠……生活”;liveto“活到……歲”,句子要表達(dá)的意思是“他將不會(huì)辜負(fù)父母對(duì)他的期望”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
9.單選題
Aproductistoberegardedasbeing()whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.discharged
B.discarded
C.disposed
D.dumped
【答案】D
【解析】上下文語義。句意:一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格進(jìn)入另一國家的貿(mào)易時(shí),被認(rèn)為是。根據(jù)語境可知,這里應(yīng)填入與進(jìn)出口貨物相關(guān)的詞匯。dump指傾銷,符合語境,選項(xiàng)D正確。
10.單選題
Ithinkyoucantakea(n)()languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.middle
B.intermediate
C.medium
D.average
【答案】B
【解析】近義詞辨析。middle“中間的,中部的”,側(cè)重方位;intermediate“中間的,中級(jí)的”,側(cè)重難易的程度;medium“中等的”,側(cè)重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的,普通的”。句意:我覺得你可以上一門中級(jí)語言課程來提高你的英語水平。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
11.填空題
AnnWithingtongota(1)withamajorinsurancefirmafewmonths
aftershe(2)fromuniversity.(3)shereceivedlittleencouragement(4)hernewboss,sheworkedhardandsoonbecameverygoodathertasksandduties.Thankstohersunnytemperamentandwillingnesstohelphercolleagues,shesoonbecamequite(5)aswell.Inherfirstfiveyearswiththecompanyshewas(6)
twice,and(7)timehersalarywentupsubstantially.
Butthenhercareertookaturnfortheworse.Herfirstdirector,amanin
(8)fifties,was(9)withayoungerwomanwhoseemedtoregardAnnasarival.Sheconstantly(10)herworkbutneverofferedany(11)abouthowitcouldbeimproved.WeekspassedandAnntriedher(12)topleasethenewdirector,buttherewasnochangeinthelatter’s(13)towardsher.
EventuallyAnn'smooddarkened,andshebegantolookintootherpossibilities.Whenherrequestfora(14)tothecompany’sSeattleofficewasblockedbyherboss,shedecideditwastimeforaction.Shebegananambitiousjobhuntthatledtoatentativeofferfromoneofheremployer’scompetitors.Justasshewasgetting(15)toannouncethatshewasquittingherjobinamonth,shewascalledintoherboss’sofficeandabruptly(16).Thiswasagreat(17).Admittedly,herrelationswithherbosswerepoor,butshehadalways(18)outherdutiesconscientiously.
Afterthinkingoverhersituation,shedecidednotto(19)aboutthe
unfairnessofherdirector'sdecision.Thetentativejobofferfromtheothercompanywassoon
(20)
;Annaccepteditandneverlookedback.
句意:
安?威辛頓在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后幾個(gè)月就在一家較大保險(xiǎn)公司找到了工作。雖然她的新老板并沒有給予她多少鼓勵(lì),但是她工作勤勤懇懇,很快就適應(yīng)了工作。由于她的脾氣好且樂意幫助人,不久后她就變得很受大家歡迎。在她進(jìn)入這家公司的頭五年里,她被提拔了兩次,每次工資都漲了很多。但是這之后她的事業(yè)就開始走下坡路。她的第一任主管,一位50多歲的男性,很滿意將安視為競爭對(duì)手的一個(gè)更年輕的女員工。她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作,但卻未就如何改進(jìn)工作給出任何建議。數(shù)周過去了,安盡最大的努力去讓這位新主管滿意,但是后者對(duì)她的態(tài)度沒有任何改變。最終,安的心情也變得一片灰暗,于是她開始尋求新的出路。她申請到公司在西雅圖的分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作,這一請求被老板攔下。她認(rèn)為是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)了。她滿腔熱情地開始尋找工作,最后從公司的競爭對(duì)手那里獲取得到了一份工作機(jī)會(huì)。正當(dāng)她準(zhǔn)備宣布在一個(gè)月后辭職時(shí),她被老板叫到了辦公室,然后被突然告知自己被解雇了。這是個(gè)極大的侮辱。誠然,她與老板的關(guān)系很差,但是她依然認(rèn)真地履行她的職責(zé)。再三思考之后,她決定不去抱怨她的主管決定的不公。不久,新單位的入職通知書到了,安頭也不回地離開了。
【答案】1.job
語義題。getajob找到一份工作
2.graduated
固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。
3.Although
邏輯銜接。后面的句意:她仍舊在努力工作,然而老板并沒有重視她。
4.from
固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵(lì)。
5.popular
邏輯銜接。因?yàn)槠夂?,且樂意幫助人,自然就?huì)受到愛戴。
6.promoted
邏輯銜接。工作干得好,就會(huì)被提拔重用。
7.each
語義題。Eachtime每次
8.his
固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:在…歲的時(shí)候。
9.pleased
固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意
10.criticized
邏輯銜接。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對(duì)手”可推測這里“她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作”。
11.advice
語義題。這里指提出建議。
12.best
固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。
13.attitude
邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對(duì)她(即Ann)的態(tài)度。
14.transfer
由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。
15.ready
固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準(zhǔn)備
16.fired
由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級(jí)并不喜歡她,她又準(zhǔn)備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”。
17.insult
語義題。句意:被突然解雇當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的侮辱。
18.caried
固定搭配。。carryout執(zhí)行,履行。
19.complain
固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。
20.coming
邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭,所以新的工作機(jī)會(huì)很快就來了。
【解析】1.語義題。getajob找到一份工作
2.固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。
3.邏輯銜接。后面的句意:她仍舊在努力工作,然而老板并沒有重視她。
4.固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵(lì)。
5.邏輯銜接。因?yàn)槠夂?,且樂意幫助人,自然就?huì)受到愛戴。
6.邏輯銜接。工作干得好,就會(huì)被提拔重用。
7.語義題。Eachtime每次
8.固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:在…歲的時(shí)候。
9.固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意
10.邏輯銜接。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對(duì)手”可推測這里“她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作”。
11.語義題。這里指提出建議。
12.固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。
13.邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對(duì)她(即Ann)的態(tài)度。
14.由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。
15.固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準(zhǔn)備
16.由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級(jí)并不喜歡她,她又準(zhǔn)備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”
17.語義題。句意:被突然解雇當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的侮辱。
18.固定搭配。carryout執(zhí)行,履行。
19.固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。
20.邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭,所以新的工作機(jī)會(huì)很快就來了。
12.單選題
ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but()it’sveryenjoyable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.allatonce
B.onceandforall
C.somuchas
D.byandlarge
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)allatonce“突然”;B選項(xiàng)onceandforall“一勞永逸地;徹底地;最后一次”;C選項(xiàng)somuchas“甚至于;連……都不”;D選項(xiàng)byandlarge“大體上,總的來說”。句意:雖然工作上的一些小事情讓我討厭,但是總的來說它是非常令人愉快的。由題干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”可知“byandlarge總的來說”符合語境,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Artisaboutcreativity,transmutingthehumblestsubjectsintothe().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.subdue
B.subjective
C.submissive
D.sublime
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)subdue“壓制,控制”;B選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的”;C選項(xiàng)submissive“順從的,服從的”;D選項(xiàng)sublime“崇高的,崇高的事物”。句意:藝術(shù)是一種創(chuàng)造力,能夠把最卑賤的事物變得()。sublime和humblest“最卑賤的”相對(duì)應(yīng),使句子通順。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Darkmatterintheuniverseis,believedbysomescientists,substancethatisnotreadilyobservablebecauseitdoesnotdirectlyrefractlightorenergy.Itsexistencecanonlybededucedbecauseoftheeffectthatithasonsurroundingmatter.Infact,somemembersofthescientificcommunityhavearguedthatdarkmatterdoesnotactuallyexist.Others,however,believeinitsexistence,inpartbecausethescientificcommunitydoesnothaveacompleteunderstandingofgravitationalscience.Ontheotherhand,somewouldarguethatitistheunderstandingofgravitationalsciencethatleadsmostscientiststobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatter,becausewithoutdarkmatter,therearemanycosmologicalphenomenathataredifficulttoexplain.
Forexample,darkmatterintheuniversemayhaveapeculiareffectontheMilkyWaygalaxy.Somescientistsbelievethattheinteractionbetweendarkmatterandothersmaller,nearbygalaxiesiscausingtheMilkyWaygalaxytotakeonawarpedprofile.Ithasbeenassertedthatnotonlydoesdarkmatterexist,itmayalsoberesponsiblefortheMilkyWay’sunusualshape.TheinteractionreferencedinvolvestwosmallergalaxiesneartheMilkyWay,calledMagllanicClouds,movingthroughanenormousamountofdarkmatter,which,ineffect,enhancesthegravitationalpullthatthetwoMagellanicCloudscouldhaveontheMilkyWayandothersurroundingbodies.Withouttheexistenceofthedarkmatter,theMagellanicCloudswouldnothavesufficientmasstohavesuchastrongeffectonthebendoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.
ThestrongestevidenceforthevalidityofthishypothesisrestsinNewtonianphysicsandthehypothesisthatanythingwithmasswillexertagravitationalpull.TheMilkyWayandothergalaxieswithpeculiarwarpedshapesarebeingmoldedbyagravitationalforce.However,thereisnothingreadilyobservablewithsufficientmassthatcouldcausesuchahighlevelofdistortionviagravitationalpullinthevicinityoftheMilkyWay,Therefore,somethingthatisnoteasilyobservedmustbeexertingthenecessaryforcetocreatethewarpedshapeofthegalaxy.
AaronRomanowskyandseveralcolleagueshavequestionedtheeffectthatdarkmattermighthaveongalaxies.Theypointtotheexistenceofseveralellipticalgalaxiessurroundedbyverylittledarkmatterasevidencethatdarkmatterisnot,infact,thecauseofthewarpedgalaxies.Whiletheydonotclaimthattheirfindingsshouldbeinterpretedtoconcludethatdarkmatterdoesnotexist,theyapparentlybelievethattheresultsoftheirstudiescastdoubtonsomeoftheconventionaltheoriesofgalaxyformationandmanipulation.
SeveralmodelsconstructedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,however,pointtotheideathatdarkmatteristhemostlikelyexplanationforthedistortedshapeoftheMilkyWayandothergalaxies.Usingcomputermodels,theyhavemappedthelikelyinteractionsbetweencertaingalaxiesandthesurroundingdarkmatter,andthosemodelshaveshownnotonlythepossibilitythatdarkmatterisresponsibleforthewarpedshapeoftheMilkyWay,butthattherelationshipbetweenthedarkmatterandtheMagllanicCloudsisdynamic;themovementofthecloudsthroughthedarkmatterseemstocreateawakethatenhancestheirgravitationalinfluenceontheMilkyWay.
1.Thepassagestatesthatsomemembersofthescientificcommunityarereluctanttobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatterbecause______.
2.Whatdoesthepassageofferasevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatter?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisAaronRomanowsky’stheoryregardingdarkmatter?
4.Thelastparagraphsupportsthegeneralhypothesisprovidedearlierinthepassagethat______.
5.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdarkmatter?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thereisabsolutelynoevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatter
B.nooneunderstandshowtoapplygravitationalscience
C.darkmattercannotbedirectlyobserved
D.darkmatterhaslittleeffectonsurroundingmatter
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Acompleteunderstandingofgravitationalscience.
B.TheenormousmassofMagellanicClouds.
C.TheshapeoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.
D.Aphotographtakenwiththeaidofarefractingtelescope.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itcannotbeconclusivelyproventhatdarkmatteraffectstheshapeandformationofgalaxies.
B.Thediscoveryofcertaingalaxiesdisprovesthetheorythatdarkmatterexistsintheuniverse.
C.Computermodelssuggestthatdarkmatterisresponsibleforwarpedgalaxies.
D.Darkmatterhasnoeffectatallontheshapeofgalaxy.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theeffectofMagllanicCloudsongalaxiesisenhancedbydarkmatter
B.computermodelsarenecessaryforanunderstandingofgravitationalscience
C.darkmatterhaslittletonoeffectontheformationofcertaincosmologicalphenomena
D.theshapeoftheMilkyWaygalaxycanbededucedbyobservingthemattersurroundingit
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Itsexistencehasbeenconclusivelyprovenbycomputermodels.
B.Itsexistenceisinferredbysomeresearchersbasedonobservationsofcosmologicalbodiescomposedofordinarymatter.
C.Ifitdoesnotexist,theuniverseislargelyempty.
D.Itspresenceisreadilyobservabletoresearcherswhocompletelyunderstandhowtoapplygravitationalscience.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Thepassagestatesthatsomemembersofthescientificcommunityarereluctanttobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatterbecause______.1.這篇文章指出,一些科學(xué)團(tuán)體的成員不愿意相信暗物質(zhì)的存在,因?yàn)開_____。
A.thereisabsolutelynoevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatterA.完全沒有證據(jù)證明暗物質(zhì)的存在
B.nooneunderstandshowtoapplygravitationalscienceB.沒有人知道如何應(yīng)用引力科學(xué)
C.darkmattercannotbedirectlyobservedC.不能直接觀測到暗物質(zhì)
D.darkmatterhaslittleeffectonsurroundingmatterD.暗物質(zhì)對(duì)周圍的物質(zhì)幾乎沒有影響
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后三句“事實(shí)上,科學(xué)界的一些成員認(rèn)為暗物質(zhì)實(shí)際上并不存在。然而,另一些人相信它的存在,部分原因是科學(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)沒有一個(gè)完整的理解。另一方面,一些人會(huì)認(rèn)為,正是對(duì)引力科學(xué)的理解使大多數(shù)科學(xué)家相信暗物質(zhì)的存在,因?yàn)闆]有暗物質(zhì),就有許多難以解釋的宇宙現(xiàn)象。”由此可知,一些人相信暗物質(zhì),部分原因是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)還沒有一個(gè)完整的理解,所以只能用暗物質(zhì)來解釋宇宙現(xiàn)象,那么可以推斷,一些科學(xué)團(tuán)體的成員不愿意相信暗物質(zhì)的存在是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)沒有完整的理解,不知道如何運(yùn)用引力科學(xué)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)“沒有人知道如何應(yīng)用引力科學(xué)”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“完全沒有證據(jù)證明暗物質(zhì)的存在”與原文中“暗物質(zhì)對(duì)銀河星系的形成造成影響”這一說法不符,屬于反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“不能直接
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