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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs,areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof(

).

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

).

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論,一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境,一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性,分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和B選項(xiàng),都不是作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。在第一段最后提到,這兩種理論有共同點(diǎn):文化和社會(huì)是進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物,也就是evolution。這一點(diǎn)由作者歸納得來,并且在下文中展開講述,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”,可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價(jià),是敵對(duì)趨勢的結(jié)果。因此C選項(xiàng)“種族之間的敵對(duì)”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號(hào)做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”,作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國”符合作者的定義。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動(dòng)性的,早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動(dòng)性的,它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來,并形成獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點(diǎn)相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對(duì)種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”,文化的變化并沒有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項(xiàng)“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impersonal

B.single-minded

C.overwhelmed

D.subjective

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的,非個(gè)人的”;B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專心的,純真的”;C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的,被湮沒的”;D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的,個(gè)人的”。句意:既然海倫是我的妻子,我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

(1)hestudiedinAmericaforthreeyears,hecan’twriteEnglishverywell.Heisratherembarrassedbythisnow.He(2)hehadnotspentmoretime(3)hiswrittenEnglishwhilehewasabroad.

句意:盡管在美國學(xué)習(xí)過三年,但是他的英語書寫能力卻很差。這讓他現(xiàn)在倍感尷尬。他說自己在國外時(shí)沒有在書面英語上花較多的時(shí)間。

【答案】1.Although

2.said

3.on

【解析】1.邏輯分析。空格所在句子與其后面句子構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。

2.語義題。用said表示“說過”。

3.固定搭配。Spendtimeon花時(shí)間在某事上。

4.單選題

Hutuextremistsingovernmentorganizedthekillingandusedstateradiostationstourgeordinarypeopletocrushthecockroaches—aHutu_______forTutsis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cursor

B.irregularity

C.slur

D.amende

【答案】C

【解析】cursor光標(biāo),指針;irregularity不規(guī)則,無規(guī)律;slur污點(diǎn),誹謗;amende道歉,賠償。句意:政府中的胡圖族極端分子組織了這次屠殺,并利用國家廣播電臺(tái)慫恿平民百姓鎮(zhèn)壓蟑螂——這是胡圖族對(duì)圖西人的蔑稱。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot().Youshouldnotrefertothem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accurate“精確的”;fixed“確定的,固執(zhí)的”;delicate“微妙的,精美的”;rigid“嚴(yán)格的,僵硬的”。句意:那份報(bào)告中的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是不精確的,你不應(yīng)該參考它們。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.

By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.

By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.

IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.

Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.

Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.

80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.

IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,JapanandIndia.

By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.

Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,film,clips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.

Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericaprisonpopulation.

Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.

Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.

1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT(

).

2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto(

).

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingareasisnotdiscussedinthepassage?

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize(

)inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagementpersonnel

B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel

C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer

D.traditionalpracticeatwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership

B.thetendencyofcomputerownership

C.thedividinglinebasedondigits

D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.

B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.

C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.

D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.futurecareers

B.Natureoffuturework

C.ethnicdifferences

D.Schoolsandlibraries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thevarietyofeducation

B.thecontentofeducation

C.theneedforeducation

D.thefunctionofeducation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

A選項(xiàng)“美國管理人員”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識(shí)工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后);

B選項(xiàng)“歐洲管理人員”,同A選項(xiàng)解析;

C選項(xiàng)“美國人對(duì)職業(yè)的選擇”,定位到第三段By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements…”(到2005年,一半的知識(shí)型員工(22%的勞動(dòng)力)將選擇“彈性工作時(shí)間、彈性工作地點(diǎn)、彈性安排……),由此可知C選項(xiàng)排除;

D選項(xiàng)“工作中的傳統(tǒng)做法”,文章沒有提及,這里屬于無中生有,所以答案選D。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長),這句話解釋了前文的數(shù)字鴻溝的消失,第二步,尋找上下文線索,第四段第一句內(nèi)容是數(shù)字鴻溝在消失,而這句內(nèi)容是黑人家庭電腦擁有率和白人家庭的差不多了,而且黑人家庭電腦擁有率還在上升,所以從這里可知數(shù)字鴻溝指的是A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)所有權(quán)方面的差距”;

B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)所有權(quán)的趨勢”,由上可知,無論是黑人還是白人,電腦的擁有量都是在增加的,屬于曲意理解。

C選項(xiàng)“基于數(shù)字的分界線”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“美國家庭的種族差異”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

第3題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“到2005年,所有大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)材料都將電子化”;B選項(xiàng)“到2005年,大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)材料將由電子材料補(bǔ)充”;C選項(xiàng)“到2005年,一些大學(xué)和學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)資料將附有唯讀光碟?!?;D選項(xiàng)“到2005年,因特網(wǎng)連接使全球圖書館搜索成為可能?!?。定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學(xué)課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學(xué)習(xí)練習(xí)和相關(guān)新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學(xué)習(xí)。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)從這里可知B、C選項(xiàng)正確,A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,所以答案選A;第十段第一句話Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005(到2005年,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將提供世界上所有主要圖書館的卡片目錄),從這里可知選項(xiàng)D正確,所以不選。

第4題:判斷推理題。句意:下列那個(gè)領(lǐng)域沒有在文章中討論。A選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)”;B選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)的性質(zhì)”;C選項(xiàng)“種族差距”;D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和圖書館”。A選項(xiàng)定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識(shí)工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后),從這里可知選項(xiàng)A話題有提及;定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長)這里講述了美國的數(shù)字鴻溝,討論了種族之間的差距,所以C選項(xiàng)文章有提及;D選項(xiàng)定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學(xué)課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學(xué)習(xí)練習(xí)和相關(guān)新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學(xué)習(xí)。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)這里可知D選項(xiàng)文章有提及;所以答案選B。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干:在文章的最后,作者似乎強(qiáng)調(diào)了()在這個(gè)日益高科技的世界。A選項(xiàng)“教育的多樣”;B選項(xiàng)“教育的內(nèi)容”;C選項(xiàng)“教育的需求”;D選項(xiàng)“未來的教育”。最后一段第一二句Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.(即使是入門級(jí)工人和那些以前沒有技能的崗位也需要不斷提高教育水平。),從這句可以看出來教育無論對(duì)誰來說都是很必要的,所以答案選C;A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

7.單選題

Ifearlyhumans(

)asmuchastheydid,theyprobably(

)toevolveintodifferentspecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue

B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued

C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued

D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】由題干句末“進(jìn)化成不同物種可知”,本題考查虛擬條件句。題干中的主語是earlyhumans“早期的人類”,說明這是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Hewilllive(

)whathisparentsexpectofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.off

C.upto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配liveupto“不辜負(fù),達(dá)到”,liveon“以……為食”;liveoff“依靠……生活”;liveto“活到……歲”,句子要表達(dá)的意思是“他將不會(huì)辜負(fù)父母對(duì)他的期望”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing()whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文語義。句意:一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格進(jìn)入另一國家的貿(mào)易時(shí),被認(rèn)為是。根據(jù)語境可知,這里應(yīng)填入與進(jìn)出口貨物相關(guān)的詞匯。dump指傾銷,符合語境,選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Ithinkyoucantakea(n)()languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.middle

B.intermediate

C.medium

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析。middle“中間的,中部的”,側(cè)重方位;intermediate“中間的,中級(jí)的”,側(cè)重難易的程度;medium“中等的”,側(cè)重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的,普通的”。句意:我覺得你可以上一門中級(jí)語言課程來提高你的英語水平。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.填空題

AnnWithingtongota(1)withamajorinsurancefirmafewmonths

aftershe(2)fromuniversity.(3)shereceivedlittleencouragement(4)hernewboss,sheworkedhardandsoonbecameverygoodathertasksandduties.Thankstohersunnytemperamentandwillingnesstohelphercolleagues,shesoonbecamequite(5)aswell.Inherfirstfiveyearswiththecompanyshewas(6)

twice,and(7)timehersalarywentupsubstantially.

Butthenhercareertookaturnfortheworse.Herfirstdirector,amanin

(8)fifties,was(9)withayoungerwomanwhoseemedtoregardAnnasarival.Sheconstantly(10)herworkbutneverofferedany(11)abouthowitcouldbeimproved.WeekspassedandAnntriedher(12)topleasethenewdirector,buttherewasnochangeinthelatter’s(13)towardsher.

EventuallyAnn'smooddarkened,andshebegantolookintootherpossibilities.Whenherrequestfora(14)tothecompany’sSeattleofficewasblockedbyherboss,shedecideditwastimeforaction.Shebegananambitiousjobhuntthatledtoatentativeofferfromoneofheremployer’scompetitors.Justasshewasgetting(15)toannouncethatshewasquittingherjobinamonth,shewascalledintoherboss’sofficeandabruptly(16).Thiswasagreat(17).Admittedly,herrelationswithherbosswerepoor,butshehadalways(18)outherdutiesconscientiously.

Afterthinkingoverhersituation,shedecidednotto(19)aboutthe

unfairnessofherdirector'sdecision.Thetentativejobofferfromtheothercompanywassoon

(20)

;Annaccepteditandneverlookedback.

句意:

安?威辛頓在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后幾個(gè)月就在一家較大保險(xiǎn)公司找到了工作。雖然她的新老板并沒有給予她多少鼓勵(lì),但是她工作勤勤懇懇,很快就適應(yīng)了工作。由于她的脾氣好且樂意幫助人,不久后她就變得很受大家歡迎。在她進(jìn)入這家公司的頭五年里,她被提拔了兩次,每次工資都漲了很多。但是這之后她的事業(yè)就開始走下坡路。她的第一任主管,一位50多歲的男性,很滿意將安視為競爭對(duì)手的一個(gè)更年輕的女員工。她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作,但卻未就如何改進(jìn)工作給出任何建議。數(shù)周過去了,安盡最大的努力去讓這位新主管滿意,但是后者對(duì)她的態(tài)度沒有任何改變。最終,安的心情也變得一片灰暗,于是她開始尋求新的出路。她申請到公司在西雅圖的分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作,這一請求被老板攔下。她認(rèn)為是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)了。她滿腔熱情地開始尋找工作,最后從公司的競爭對(duì)手那里獲取得到了一份工作機(jī)會(huì)。正當(dāng)她準(zhǔn)備宣布在一個(gè)月后辭職時(shí),她被老板叫到了辦公室,然后被突然告知自己被解雇了。這是個(gè)極大的侮辱。誠然,她與老板的關(guān)系很差,但是她依然認(rèn)真地履行她的職責(zé)。再三思考之后,她決定不去抱怨她的主管決定的不公。不久,新單位的入職通知書到了,安頭也不回地離開了。

【答案】1.job

語義題。getajob找到一份工作

2.graduated

固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。

3.Although

邏輯銜接。后面的句意:她仍舊在努力工作,然而老板并沒有重視她。

4.from

固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵(lì)。

5.popular

邏輯銜接。因?yàn)槠夂?,且樂意幫助人,自然就?huì)受到愛戴。

6.promoted

邏輯銜接。工作干得好,就會(huì)被提拔重用。

7.each

語義題。Eachtime每次

8.his

固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:在…歲的時(shí)候。

9.pleased

固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意

10.criticized

邏輯銜接。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對(duì)手”可推測這里“她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作”。

11.advice

語義題。這里指提出建議。

12.best

固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。

13.attitude

邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對(duì)她(即Ann)的態(tài)度。

14.transfer

由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。

15.ready

固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準(zhǔn)備

16.fired

由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級(jí)并不喜歡她,她又準(zhǔn)備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”。

17.insult

語義題。句意:被突然解雇當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的侮辱。

18.caried

固定搭配。。carryout執(zhí)行,履行。

19.complain

固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。

20.coming

邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭,所以新的工作機(jī)會(huì)很快就來了。

【解析】1.語義題。getajob找到一份工作

2.固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。

3.邏輯銜接。后面的句意:她仍舊在努力工作,然而老板并沒有重視她。

4.固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵(lì)。

5.邏輯銜接。因?yàn)槠夂?,且樂意幫助人,自然就?huì)受到愛戴。

6.邏輯銜接。工作干得好,就會(huì)被提拔重用。

7.語義題。Eachtime每次

8.固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:在…歲的時(shí)候。

9.固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意

10.邏輯銜接。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對(duì)手”可推測這里“她不斷批評(píng)她(即Ann)的工作”。

11.語義題。這里指提出建議。

12.固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。

13.邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對(duì)她(即Ann)的態(tài)度。

14.由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。

15.固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準(zhǔn)備

16.由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級(jí)并不喜歡她,她又準(zhǔn)備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”

17.語義題。句意:被突然解雇當(dāng)然是一個(gè)巨大的侮辱。

18.固定搭配。carryout執(zhí)行,履行。

19.固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。

20.邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭,所以新的工作機(jī)會(huì)很快就來了。

12.單選題

ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but()it’sveryenjoyable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allatonce

B.onceandforall

C.somuchas

D.byandlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)allatonce“突然”;B選項(xiàng)onceandforall“一勞永逸地;徹底地;最后一次”;C選項(xiàng)somuchas“甚至于;連……都不”;D選項(xiàng)byandlarge“大體上,總的來說”。句意:雖然工作上的一些小事情讓我討厭,但是總的來說它是非常令人愉快的。由題干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”可知“byandlarge總的來說”符合語境,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Artisaboutcreativity,transmutingthehumblestsubjectsintothe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subdue

B.subjective

C.submissive

D.sublime

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)subdue“壓制,控制”;B選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的”;C選項(xiàng)submissive“順從的,服從的”;D選項(xiàng)sublime“崇高的,崇高的事物”。句意:藝術(shù)是一種創(chuàng)造力,能夠把最卑賤的事物變得()。sublime和humblest“最卑賤的”相對(duì)應(yīng),使句子通順。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Darkmatterintheuniverseis,believedbysomescientists,substancethatisnotreadilyobservablebecauseitdoesnotdirectlyrefractlightorenergy.Itsexistencecanonlybededucedbecauseoftheeffectthatithasonsurroundingmatter.Infact,somemembersofthescientificcommunityhavearguedthatdarkmatterdoesnotactuallyexist.Others,however,believeinitsexistence,inpartbecausethescientificcommunitydoesnothaveacompleteunderstandingofgravitationalscience.Ontheotherhand,somewouldarguethatitistheunderstandingofgravitationalsciencethatleadsmostscientiststobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatter,becausewithoutdarkmatter,therearemanycosmologicalphenomenathataredifficulttoexplain.

Forexample,darkmatterintheuniversemayhaveapeculiareffectontheMilkyWaygalaxy.Somescientistsbelievethattheinteractionbetweendarkmatterandothersmaller,nearbygalaxiesiscausingtheMilkyWaygalaxytotakeonawarpedprofile.Ithasbeenassertedthatnotonlydoesdarkmatterexist,itmayalsoberesponsiblefortheMilkyWay’sunusualshape.TheinteractionreferencedinvolvestwosmallergalaxiesneartheMilkyWay,calledMagllanicClouds,movingthroughanenormousamountofdarkmatter,which,ineffect,enhancesthegravitationalpullthatthetwoMagellanicCloudscouldhaveontheMilkyWayandothersurroundingbodies.Withouttheexistenceofthedarkmatter,theMagellanicCloudswouldnothavesufficientmasstohavesuchastrongeffectonthebendoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.

ThestrongestevidenceforthevalidityofthishypothesisrestsinNewtonianphysicsandthehypothesisthatanythingwithmasswillexertagravitationalpull.TheMilkyWayandothergalaxieswithpeculiarwarpedshapesarebeingmoldedbyagravitationalforce.However,thereisnothingreadilyobservablewithsufficientmassthatcouldcausesuchahighlevelofdistortionviagravitationalpullinthevicinityoftheMilkyWay,Therefore,somethingthatisnoteasilyobservedmustbeexertingthenecessaryforcetocreatethewarpedshapeofthegalaxy.

AaronRomanowskyandseveralcolleagueshavequestionedtheeffectthatdarkmattermighthaveongalaxies.Theypointtotheexistenceofseveralellipticalgalaxiessurroundedbyverylittledarkmatterasevidencethatdarkmatterisnot,infact,thecauseofthewarpedgalaxies.Whiletheydonotclaimthattheirfindingsshouldbeinterpretedtoconcludethatdarkmatterdoesnotexist,theyapparentlybelievethattheresultsoftheirstudiescastdoubtonsomeoftheconventionaltheoriesofgalaxyformationandmanipulation.

SeveralmodelsconstructedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,however,pointtotheideathatdarkmatteristhemostlikelyexplanationforthedistortedshapeoftheMilkyWayandothergalaxies.Usingcomputermodels,theyhavemappedthelikelyinteractionsbetweencertaingalaxiesandthesurroundingdarkmatter,andthosemodelshaveshownnotonlythepossibilitythatdarkmatterisresponsibleforthewarpedshapeoftheMilkyWay,butthattherelationshipbetweenthedarkmatterandtheMagllanicCloudsisdynamic;themovementofthecloudsthroughthedarkmatterseemstocreateawakethatenhancestheirgravitationalinfluenceontheMilkyWay.

1.Thepassagestatesthatsomemembersofthescientificcommunityarereluctanttobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatterbecause______.

2.Whatdoesthepassageofferasevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatter?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisAaronRomanowsky’stheoryregardingdarkmatter?

4.Thelastparagraphsupportsthegeneralhypothesisprovidedearlierinthepassagethat______.

5.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdarkmatter?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisabsolutelynoevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatter

B.nooneunderstandshowtoapplygravitationalscience

C.darkmattercannotbedirectlyobserved

D.darkmatterhaslittleeffectonsurroundingmatter

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Acompleteunderstandingofgravitationalscience.

B.TheenormousmassofMagellanicClouds.

C.TheshapeoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.

D.Aphotographtakenwiththeaidofarefractingtelescope.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcannotbeconclusivelyproventhatdarkmatteraffectstheshapeandformationofgalaxies.

B.Thediscoveryofcertaingalaxiesdisprovesthetheorythatdarkmatterexistsintheuniverse.

C.Computermodelssuggestthatdarkmatterisresponsibleforwarpedgalaxies.

D.Darkmatterhasnoeffectatallontheshapeofgalaxy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theeffectofMagllanicCloudsongalaxiesisenhancedbydarkmatter

B.computermodelsarenecessaryforanunderstandingofgravitationalscience

C.darkmatterhaslittletonoeffectontheformationofcertaincosmologicalphenomena

D.theshapeoftheMilkyWaygalaxycanbededucedbyobservingthemattersurroundingit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsexistencehasbeenconclusivelyprovenbycomputermodels.

B.Itsexistenceisinferredbysomeresearchersbasedonobservationsofcosmologicalbodiescomposedofordinarymatter.

C.Ifitdoesnotexist,theuniverseislargelyempty.

D.Itspresenceisreadilyobservabletoresearcherswhocompletelyunderstandhowtoapplygravitationalscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassagestatesthatsomemembersofthescientificcommunityarereluctanttobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatterbecause______.1.這篇文章指出,一些科學(xué)團(tuán)體的成員不愿意相信暗物質(zhì)的存在,因?yàn)開_____。

A.thereisabsolutelynoevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatterA.完全沒有證據(jù)證明暗物質(zhì)的存在

B.nooneunderstandshowtoapplygravitationalscienceB.沒有人知道如何應(yīng)用引力科學(xué)

C.darkmattercannotbedirectlyobservedC.不能直接觀測到暗物質(zhì)

D.darkmatterhaslittleeffectonsurroundingmatterD.暗物質(zhì)對(duì)周圍的物質(zhì)幾乎沒有影響

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后三句“事實(shí)上,科學(xué)界的一些成員認(rèn)為暗物質(zhì)實(shí)際上并不存在。然而,另一些人相信它的存在,部分原因是科學(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)沒有一個(gè)完整的理解。另一方面,一些人會(huì)認(rèn)為,正是對(duì)引力科學(xué)的理解使大多數(shù)科學(xué)家相信暗物質(zhì)的存在,因?yàn)闆]有暗物質(zhì),就有許多難以解釋的宇宙現(xiàn)象。”由此可知,一些人相信暗物質(zhì),部分原因是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)還沒有一個(gè)完整的理解,所以只能用暗物質(zhì)來解釋宇宙現(xiàn)象,那么可以推斷,一些科學(xué)團(tuán)體的成員不愿意相信暗物質(zhì)的存在是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)界對(duì)引力科學(xué)沒有完整的理解,不知道如何運(yùn)用引力科學(xué)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)“沒有人知道如何應(yīng)用引力科學(xué)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“完全沒有證據(jù)證明暗物質(zhì)的存在”與原文中“暗物質(zhì)對(duì)銀河星系的形成造成影響”這一說法不符,屬于反向干擾;

C項(xiàng)“不能直接

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