考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike（）thecarifIcan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratherthan

B.regardlessof

C.inspiteof

D.otherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ratherthan“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”；inspiteof“盡管”；otherthan“除了”。句意：我晚上外出時(shí)，我一般騎自行車(chē)而不是小汽車(chē)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.（2）theywerenotenough.Something（3）wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen（4）individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew（5）ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho（6）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolution（7）frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere（8）inventorsthanscientists.Amanwhoisa（9）scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearch（10）.Heisnotnecessarilyworking（11）thathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninvestororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis（12）tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcrete（13）.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheories（14）scienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina（15）result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof（16）otherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho（17）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinvestors.Eventhosewhohad（18）ornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions（19）aground-workhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyears（20）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cases

B.reasons

C.factors

D.situations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.And

C.Besides

D.Even

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.else

B.near

C.extra

D.similar

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.origins

B.sources

C.bases

D.discoveries

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.came

B.arrived

C.stemmed

D.appeared

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.happily

B.occasionally

C.reluctantly

D.accurately

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.and

C.all

D.so

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.seldom

B.sometimes

C.usually

D.never

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.use

C.idea

D.means

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.to

D.as

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.single

B.sole

C.specialized

D.specific

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.few

B.those

C.many

D.all

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.much

C.some

D.any

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.if

C.because

D.while

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.ago

B.past

C.ahead

D.before

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）名詞辨析題。case事例,案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形勢(shì),狀況。根據(jù)原文上述條件是使英國(guó)成為工業(yè)革命中心的重要因素。

（2）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)上下文：上述條件是使英國(guó)成為工業(yè)革命中心的重要因素。但是這些遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，此處應(yīng)該填入表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

（3）形容詞辨析題。else意為“其他,別的”；extra意為“額外的,外加的”。文中表達(dá)的是“也需要其他條件”,而不是“額外條件”,所以選A。

（4）形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)下一句,他們能夠發(fā)明機(jī)器,說(shuō)明人類(lèi)是具有創(chuàng)造性的個(gè)體,選項(xiàng)D正確。

（5）名詞辨析題。origin“起因,由來(lái)”；sources“來(lái)源,根源”；base“基礎(chǔ)”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)原文,找到新的權(quán)力來(lái)源符合邏輯。

（6）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上句的“inventmachines”以及下文的“inventors”可知這里應(yīng)選create。句意：這些人發(fā)明了工業(yè)革命的機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（7）動(dòng)詞辨析題。comefrom“出自,來(lái)自”,與后面background搭配,意為“出于……背景”。stemfrom意為“起源于”；選項(xiàng)B、C不與from搭配。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

（8）考查固定搭配。more…than…是固定搭配,意為“與其說(shuō)……不如……”。句意：“與其說(shuō)他們是科學(xué)家,不如說(shuō)是發(fā)明家”。

（9）形容詞辨析題。genuine“真正的”,practical“實(shí)際的”,pure“純粹的,單純的”,clever“聰明的”。句意：“一個(gè)純粹的科學(xué)家主要致力于精確地進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。”

（10）副詞辨析題。happily快樂(lè)地；occasionally間或,偶爾；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精確地。原文指科學(xué)家致力于精確地進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（11）考查固定搭配。sothat是固定搭配,表目的。原文指：他并不一定是為了利用他的發(fā)現(xiàn)而工作。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（12）副詞辨析題。句意:“一個(gè)投資者或熱衷于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的人通常試圖創(chuàng)造有使用價(jià)值的東西?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

（13）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)下文“solveaproblembyusingthetheories”可推測(cè)，這里指：做一些實(shí)用的東西，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（14）介詞辨析題。theoriesofscience指“科學(xué)的理論”。句意：他可能試圖用科學(xué)的理論或通過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（15）形容詞辨析題。single“單獨(dú)的,一個(gè)人”；sole“獨(dú)有的,單一的”；specialized“專門(mén)的”;specific“明確的”。根據(jù)句意：“他為了明確的結(jié)果而工作”。選項(xiàng)D正確。

（16）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)原文句意：他為了明確的結(jié)果而工作，收割機(jī)的建設(shè)，燈泡的燃燒，或許多其他目的之一。這里指“許多其他目的中的一個(gè)”。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

（17）動(dòng)詞辨析題。develop除了發(fā)展,還有“研制、開(kāi)發(fā)”的意思,句意：工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明機(jī)器的大多數(shù)人都是發(fā)明家，而不是訓(xùn)練有素的科學(xué)家。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（18）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)下文的“notraining”可知填空處也應(yīng)該填入否定意義的詞,只有l(wèi)ittle符合題意。

（19）考查邏輯連接詞。句意：“沒(méi)有科學(xué)家早年打下的基礎(chǔ),那些在科學(xué)上接受過(guò)很少或沒(méi)有接受過(guò)教育的人就不可能有所發(fā)明創(chuàng)造”。if“如果,假使”符合原文,表示虛擬。

（20）副詞辨析題。ago只與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用,表示從現(xiàn)在角度看過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間；before用于過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這里指多年以前，且時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)originate“起源；創(chuàng)建”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；C選項(xiàng)double“兩倍的；成雙的；雙人的”；D選項(xiàng)joint“聯(lián)合的”。句意：英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的方法______，但并不是所有的方法對(duì)我們的中國(guó)學(xué)生都同樣有效。根據(jù)不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多種方法，B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

More____thannot,Dadisthelastonetospeak.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.always

B.often

C.frequent

D.so

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.always總是B.often經(jīng)常

C.frequent頻繁的D.so這樣

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配

【解題思路】根據(jù)前后有More____thannot推斷，本題考查的是固定搭配moreoftenthannot“通常；往往”，因此，B選項(xiàng)often“經(jīng)?！狈洗钆湟?。另外asoftenasnot也表示“通常；往往”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文搭配。

【句意】父親通常是最后一個(gè)講話的。

5.單選題

Heisnotshyaboutnamingthenamesofthefamouswomenwhohavesuccumbedtohisromantic（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wields

B.wiles

C.tacit

D.tiles

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)wields“拿著（武器、工具或設(shè)備）；掌握（權(quán)力）”；B選項(xiàng)wiles“花言巧語(yǔ)；巧計(jì)；引誘”；C選項(xiàng)tacit“默許的，心照不宣的”；D選項(xiàng)tiles“（貼墻或鋪地用的）瓷磚，地毯，地板；（覆蓋屋頂?shù)模┩咂?。句意：他毫不羞于說(shuō)出那些被他浪漫的（）所征服的著名女性的名字。只有wiles“花言巧語(yǔ)”和romantic“浪漫”可搭配，也符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe（）oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.climax

B.pitch

C.summit

D.maximum

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)climax“高潮，頂點(diǎn)，層進(jìn)法，極點(diǎn)”，多指戲劇等的高潮，也指事物發(fā)展中的極點(diǎn)，多含其后由盛而衰的意味；B選項(xiàng)pitch“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地，程度，音高，瀝青，投球”；C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn)，最高級(jí)會(huì)議，最高階層”，書(shū)面用詞，指山的最頂部分，也指通過(guò)努力可以達(dá)到的最高水平，還指最重要的、國(guó)家間的首腦最高級(jí)會(huì)談；D選項(xiàng)maximum“極大，最大限度，最大量”。句意：他們認(rèn)為這并不是他們爭(zhēng)取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰，而僅僅是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheChineseRedCross______ageneroussumtotherelieffundforthephysicallydisabled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.endowed

C.allocated

D.contributed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assign“分配，指派”，指按照某種原則進(jìn)行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的分配；B項(xiàng)endow“賦予，資助”，C項(xiàng)allocate“分配，撥出”，主要指金錢(qián)、財(cái)產(chǎn)、權(quán)力或領(lǐng)土等的分配，著重分配的比例和專門(mén)用途；D項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力”。根據(jù)句子ageneroussumtotherelieffundforthephysicallydisabled“一筆給殘疾人救濟(jì)基金的慷慨款項(xiàng)”可知，空格部分表示“捐贈(zèng)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)向殘疾人救濟(jì)基金捐了一筆巨款。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè)，你就不能指望馬上完全改變。有時(shí)你肯定會(huì)猶豫不決。關(guān)鍵是要滿足于漸進(jìn)的改進(jìn)，預(yù)料并接受任何變化帶來(lái)的偶然失誤。即使在你以更加堅(jiān)定和自信的方式處理這些決定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子會(huì)立即做出反應(yīng)。在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，他們將繼續(xù)施加過(guò)去行之有效的舊壓力。但一旦他們知道嘮叨和爭(zhēng)論不再有效，他們最終會(huì)尊重你的決定。最后，你和你的孩子都會(huì)因此而更快樂(lè)。

這種趨勢(shì)正在迅速加速，原因很簡(jiǎn)單：信息就是力量，而技術(shù)使信息變得民主化和普遍化。因此，組織將不再能夠資助那些美化等級(jí)特權(quán)并阻止信息交流的工作體系了。未來(lái)學(xué)家喬治?吉爾德描述了一個(gè)以沙子、玻璃和空氣為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界。沙子是用來(lái)制造微芯片的硅，芯片（計(jì)算機(jī)世界的建筑材料）正以指數(shù)級(jí)的速度增長(zhǎng)。微芯片的性能每18個(gè)月翻一番。

9.單選題

Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（

）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explicit“清楚的，明確的”；B選項(xiàng)implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的，里面的”；D選項(xiàng)immortal“長(zhǎng)生的，永世的，不朽的”。由Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan（她沒(méi)有公開(kāi)抨擊計(jì)劃）和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她沒(méi)有公開(kāi)抨擊這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，但她的反對(duì)暗示著她沒(méi)有說(shuō)任何支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的話。

10.單選題

Criticsofearlyschoolingciteresearchthatquestionswhether4-year-oldchildrenarereadytotakeonformallearning.Educatorsfindthat（1）toddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers.（2）theiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto（3）.Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthe（4）halfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenit（5）physical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten（6）toreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievement（7）throughouttheirschoolingexperience（8）dothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive.Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethe（9）thing.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday'schildren（10）innermaturity.Indeed,evidencesuggeststhatearlyschoolingboomerangs.Youngsters（11）parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolarelesscreative,have（12）anxietyabouttests,and,bytheendofkindergarten,falltomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantage（13）theirless-pressuredpeers.

Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestion（14）environmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmentaltimetableofachildrearedinanon-disadvantagedhome.Theydonotdeny,however,the（15）ofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironmentandallowchildren（16）freedomtoplay,developattheirown（17）,andevolvetheirsocialskills.Buttheypointoutthatmanyofthethingschildrenoncedidinfirstgradearenow（18）oftheminkindergarten,andtheyworrylestmoreandmorewillnowbeaskedof4-year-olds.Thesepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoo（19）andtherebydeprivingthemoftheir（20）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.older

B.taller

C.stronger

D.smarter

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.Nowthat

C.Thereby

D.Whereas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fall

B.fail

C.flee

D.fear

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.later

C.latest

D.latter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.liesin

B.dealswith

C.comesto

D.callsfor

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.help

B.want

C.tend

D.prefer

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.tests

B.trials

C.performance

D.competition

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.then

D.than

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.easy

B.hard

C.same

D.similar

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.against

C.with

D.towards

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.with

C.those

D.whose

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.more

C.many

D.most

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.against

C.over

D.than

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.why

D.whether

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.power

C.consideration

D.responsibility

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.reasonable

C.imaginable

D.considerable

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.case

C.pace

D.means

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.reminded

C.expected

D.regarded

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.well

B.hard

C.badly

D.directly

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.memory

B.childhood

C.ambitions

D.simplicity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“theiryoungercounterparts”可以推測(cè)出，填空處應(yīng)該填入“older”，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)下文的“seemtobeatadisadvantage”可以推測(cè)，年幼的學(xué)齡前兒童相比年長(zhǎng)的學(xué)齡前兒童處于劣勢(shì)，所以前后形成對(duì)比，選項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。

3.填空處與上文的“succeed”相對(duì)應(yīng)，應(yīng)填入success的反義詞“fail”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.late遲的，晚的，最近的；later后來(lái)，更遲的；latest最新的；latter后者的，較后的。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指后半年滿5歲的幼兒園兒童，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.liein在于；dealwith處理；comesto談到，達(dá)到；callfor要求，需要。whenitcomesto指涉及，談到。句意：幼兒園的孩子如果在下半年才滿五歲，在身體、情感、社交和智力發(fā)展方面就會(huì)處于劣勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

6.根據(jù)句意：接近6歲的孩子進(jìn)入幼兒園時(shí)，往往會(huì)獲得更好的成績(jī)。tendto表示趨向，易于...，符合原文句意，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.根據(jù)原文可知，這里指成就測(cè)試的得分也更高。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

8.根據(jù)句意，這里是將剛滿5歲和剛滿6歲進(jìn)入幼兒園的孩子進(jìn)行比較，只有選D表示比較，所以正確。

9.句意：聰明、語(yǔ)言能力強(qiáng)和準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)似乎不是同一件事。句中有兩個(gè)being，作者是將兩件事進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說(shuō)明二者不是同一件事。

10.confusewith混淆，這里指我們很容易把如今孩子們表面上的沉著和老練與內(nèi)心的成熟混為一談。選項(xiàng)C符合原文句意。

11.“whose”在這里引導(dǎo)定于從句，相當(dāng)于“Youngsters’parents”。句意：父母強(qiáng)迫孩子在學(xué)前班取得學(xué)業(yè)上的成功會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子缺乏創(chuàng)造力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.根據(jù)句意，這里指考試的時(shí)候會(huì)更焦慮，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.maintainadvantageoversb.為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)...保持優(yōu)勢(shì)”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.句意：他們質(zhì)疑，豐富的環(huán)境是否能顯著改變一個(gè)在沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)的家庭中長(zhǎng)大的孩子固定的發(fā)展軌跡。whether引導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句，意為“是否”。選項(xiàng)D正確。

15.根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里指他們并不否認(rèn)日托中心和幼兒園的價(jià)值。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

16.句意：它們提供一個(gè)像家一樣的環(huán)境，給孩子足夠的自由玩耍。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。

17.atone’sownpace為固定搭配，意為“按自己的節(jié)奏”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

18.根據(jù)下文：他們擔(dān)心現(xiàn)在會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的孩子在4歲的時(shí)候就被要求這樣做。由此可以推斷，上文指的是：孩子們?cè)谝荒昙?jí)時(shí)做的許多事情，現(xiàn)在在幼兒園就被期望去做。選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。

19.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，too在這里后面應(yīng)接形容詞，首先排除選項(xiàng)C和D；再根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意，所以正確。句意：心理學(xué)家和教育家認(rèn)為我們對(duì)小孩太嚴(yán)厲了。

20.根據(jù)句意可知，這路指剝奪了孩子們的童年。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。選項(xiàng)D雖符合句意，但不符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，所以不正確。

11.翻譯題

TheUSDepartmentofLaborstatisticsindicatethatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadythereisanoverabundanceofteachers,engineers,physicsandotherspecialists.Yetcollegeandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompleteforjobsthataren’tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollege.These“temporary”jobshaveahabitofbecomingpermanent.

【答案】美國(guó)勞工部統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，高校畢業(yè)的勞工供應(yīng)過(guò)剩，而且這個(gè)過(guò)剩正在不斷增加。已經(jīng)有過(guò)量的老師、工程師、物理學(xué)家和其他專家。然而高校和研究院每年都在繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)出高度受訓(xùn)的人員，來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)潛在的崗位。結(jié)果是，畢業(yè)生無(wú)法從事與他們受訓(xùn)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的工作，只能接受不要求學(xué)位的臨時(shí)工作。這些“臨時(shí)”工作有變成永久性工作的習(xí)慣。

12.翻譯題

1.經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境有著潛在的影響，人們對(duì)此已經(jīng)有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí)。

2.要讓我們的國(guó)產(chǎn)品牌為世界更多的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)可，廣告創(chuàng)作就必須使用國(guó)際通用的語(yǔ)言。

3.有一種理論，把對(duì)目的語(yǔ)的敏感性視作語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中最重要的因素之一。

4.為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，圖書(shū)館已經(jīng)決定將英語(yǔ)原版電影出租給他們。

5.心理學(xué)家們已經(jīng)做了無(wú)數(shù)次試驗(yàn)表明，在改進(jìn)人的行為方面，表?yè)P(yáng)比批評(píng)有效得多。

【答案】1.Thepotentialimpactofeconomicactivityontheenvironmenthasbeenwellunderstood.

2.Inorderforourdomesticbrandstoberecognizedbymoreconsumersintheworld,thecreationofadvertisementsmustusetheinternationallyusedlanguage.

3.Onetheoryholdsthatsensitivitytothetargetlanguageisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinlanguagelearning.

4.Tohelpstudentslearnlanguage,thelibraryhasdecidedtorentoutoriginalEnglishmoviestothem.

5.Psychologistshaveconductednumerousexperiments,showingthatpraiseisfarmoreeffectivethancriticismatimprovingpeople’sbehavior.

13.問(wèn)答題

AmongthemorebenignactivitiesoftheUnitedNationsisthededicationofvariousyearstospecificcauses.Mountains,deserts,riceanddialoguehaveallhadtheir365daysoffame.Thereislittleevidencethattheattentionhasdonemountains,desertsriceanddialogueanyharm—butalsonotmuchtosuggestthattheyhavebenefitedeither.

Inthenext12monthsthespotlightfallsonmicrofinance,thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.Withluck,theUN’seffortwillturnouttobesubstantialratherthansymbolic.Itcertainlykickedoffinstyle,withabigpartyattheUN’sNewYorkheadquartersthatdemonstratedhowfashionablethesubjecthasbecome.Amongthe700inattendanceweretopbankers,politiciansandafilmstarortwo.TheUNalsoannouncedtheappointmentofanadvisorypaneltoconsiderwhatmaybeimpedingthegrowthandeffectivenessofmicrofinance.

ThesuccessoftheyeardependstoagreatextentonwhethertheUNcanharnessitsmemberstatesandfinancialinstitutionstoestablishsomebasicfacts.Remarkablylittleisknownabouthowfinanceoperatesoutsidewealthycountries.Nogooddataexistonhowmanypeoplehaveaccesstofinancialinstitutions,thebreadthandpenetrationofbanksinpoorcountries,therealcostofaloanandthetimeittakestogetone,theeaseofmakingadepositandsoforth.

Microfinanceitselfissomethingofamystery.Therearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrofinancelendinginstitutions.Thereisnotevenconvincinginformation,beyondlotsofanecdotesillustratedbyphotographsofwomeninruralvillages,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesany.significantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

Inprinciple,loanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty.Ifatall,theyoughttouseextracapitalmoreproductivelythantherich.Indeed,thismightexplainwhyeveninthepoorestplacesthereissomeformofmoneylendingdespitestaggeringlyhighinterestrates;1,000%ayearisnotuncommon.However,suchratesinevitablytakeatollonenterpriseandeconomicgrowth.Theyearofmicrocreditwillhaveproventobeofgreatworthifitcanfirstdocumenttheimpedimentstomoreefficientformsoffinancialintermediationandthenbegintoclearthemaway.

Forexample,theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias.Iftheydo,theUN’sinterestmayhastenchange:somefinancialinstitutionsarealreadymakingeffortstoworkwiththepoor,eitherdirectlyorbyprovidingwholesaleservicestosmallerfinancialinstitutions.Andmanyworkinginmicrofinancecomplainthattheirsmallsizeandlackoftraditionalassetsmakeithardtoattractcapitaleitherontheirownaccountorthroughsyndicatedloans.Ayearhence,perhapssomeofthiswillbechanged.

Whatismicrofmance?Accordingtothetext,howisthecurrentperformanceofmicrofinance?(5points)

Whatarethepossiblebenefitsofmicrofinancetothepoorpeople?WhatshouldtheUNdotopromotemicrofinance?(5points)

【答案】第一問(wèn)由文章第二段中“thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem”可知答案；第二問(wèn)由文章第四段內(nèi)容可知答案。

試題答案：

Accordingtothetext,microfinanceisthebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.

Accordingtothetext,thecurrentperformanceofmicrofinanceisnotclearbecausetherearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrolendinginstitutions,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesanysignificantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

第一問(wèn)由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“l(fā)oanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty”可知答案；第二問(wèn)由文章最后一段中“theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias”可知答案。

試題答案：

Microfinancecanhelpthepoorsolvetheproblemofhavinglesscapital,andenablesthemtoborrowcapitalwithlessdifficultythanbefore.

TheUNshoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplainthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbiastopromotemicrofinance.

14.單選題

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。layaside“放棄（某種習(xí)慣），積蓄（金錢(qián)），把…放在一邊”；layup“放置不用，貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室內(nèi)”；layout“設(shè)計(jì);展示，安排”；layoff“暫時(shí)解雇，裁員，停止工作”；根據(jù)句意‘隨著失業(yè)率不斷上升，45-55歲的女性工人通常最先被（

）?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世紀(jì)后期，生態(tài)學(xué)從其自然歷史和植物地理學(xué)的根源開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)為一門(mén)獨(dú)立的科學(xué)。由此可判斷本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)生態(tài)學(xué)”，B選項(xiàng)表示“物種學(xué)科”，C選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)FredericClements的理論，在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或森林大火之后……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落會(huì)在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或者森林火災(zāi)后形成。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“只有喜光的物種才能生長(zhǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)表示“森林很難生存”，D選項(xiàng)表示“很少植物能生長(zhǎng)”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生態(tài)演替受到多種因素的影響：土壤土質(zhì)、暴露到陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)中、降水的規(guī)律性、定居生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)以及許多其它隨機(jī)過(guò)程。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)文章可知，下面關(guān)于“climax”的表述哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不正確的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生態(tài)演替的最后一個(gè)階段——頂級(jí)群落?？膳袛郉選項(xiàng)正確。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一個(gè)成熟的群落中，物種組成通常也有很大的變化，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影響生態(tài)演替的因素同樣也影響頂級(jí)群落的性質(zhì)，可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一個(gè)蟻群可能被合法地稱為頂級(jí)群落，因?yàn)樗慕涣飨到y(tǒng)是高度組織化的，由此可判斷C選項(xiàng)正確。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：“生態(tài)群系”的概念強(qiáng)調(diào)的是……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的動(dòng)植物群的組合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一種特定物種的分布是由該物種的棲息地需求控制的，由此可判斷，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“動(dòng)物和植物之間沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性的相互影響”，B選項(xiàng)表示“植物群落總是依靠共存的動(dòng)物生存”，C選項(xiàng)表示“在動(dòng)物與植物的聯(lián)系中有一種內(nèi)在的凝聚力”。

16.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewould