考研考博-英語-寧波城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

WheneverIhearaweatherreportdeclaringit’sthehottestJune10onrecordorwhatever,Ican’ttakeittooseriously,because“ever”reallymeans“aslongastherecordsgohack”,whichisonlyasfarasthelate1800s.Scientistshaveotherwaysofmeasuringtemperaturesbeforethat,though—notforindividualdates,buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.Theycanevenusedrawingsofglaciersastherewerehundredsofyearsagocomparedwithtoday.

Andinthemostcomprehensivecompilationofsuchdatatodate,saysanewreportfromtheNationalResearchCouncil,itlooksprettycertainthatthelastfewdecadeshavebeenhotterthananycomparableperiodinthelast400years.That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.

Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann,oftheUniversityofVirginia(he’sthecreatorofthe“hockeystick”graphA1Goreusedin“AnInconvenientTruth”todramatizetheriseincarbondioxideinrecentyears).Mannclaimedthattherecentwarmingwasunprecedentedinthepastthousandyears—thatledCongresstoorderupanassessmentbytheprestigiousResearchCouncil.Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.Butthepast400was—soresoundinglythatitfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm,justasglobalwarmingtheoryhasbeenpredictingforahundredyears.Andifthere’sanydoubtaboutwhethertheseproxymeasurementsarereallylegitimate,theNRCscientistscomparedthemwithactualtemperaturedatafromthemostrecentcentury,whenrealthermometerswereinwidespreaduse.Thematchwasmoreorlessrighton.

InthepastnearlytwodecadessinceTIMEfirstputglobalwarmingonthecover,then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.Indeed,Rep.SherwoodBoehlert,theNewYorkRepublicanwhochairstheHouseScienceCommitteeandwhoaskedforthereportdeclaredthatitdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?

2.Whatis“proxymeasurement”inParagraph1likelytoreferto?

3.WhatdoesthereportfromNRCindicate?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarmingtheory?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thethreatofglobalwarming.

B.Themeasurementofsolvingglobalwarming.

C.Thetendencyofearth’sbecominghotter.

D.Theassessmentofearth’stemperature.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Takingadvantageofpreviouspictures.

B.Usingcluesleftfromthepast.

C.Studyingthecharacteristicsofglaciers.

D.Measuringthegrowthsignsofaquaticorganism.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theearthreachesthehighesttemperatureinthehistory.

B.Theproxymeasurementsarereliable.

C.Theearthwillbecomewarmer.

D.ItissomewhatsuspiciousofMichaelMann’sassertion.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

B.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warming-doubters.

C.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann’sclaim.

D.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Favorable.

B.Neutral.

C.Negative.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出天氣預(yù)報中說氣溫打破最高記錄，第二段提出地球變暖的觀點(diǎn)，第三段講述NRC得出氣溫達(dá)到近400年來最高，第四段講大眾和科學(xué)家對此的爭論，全文都在談?wù)摰厍驓鉁卦絹碓礁?，C選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的趨勢”正確。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的威脅”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“解決全球變暖的方法”和D選項(xiàng)“地球溫度的評估”：只是文章部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。proxymeasurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根據(jù)第一段第二句buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.（但他們可以通過珊瑚的生長標(biāo)記、海洋和湖泊的沉積物以及冰川核等替代性考核來推測出年平均溫度。），可知這里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上隨時間推移遺留下來的痕跡，B選項(xiàng)“使用過去留下的線索”正確，A選項(xiàng)“利用記錄以前情況的照片”，C選項(xiàng)“研究冰川的特征”和D選項(xiàng)“測量水生生物的生長跡象”只是其中一方面的具體內(nèi)容，不足以概括總體方法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.（他們的結(jié)論是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但數(shù)據(jù)支持不夠有力。），可知NRC部分同意MichaelMann的觀點(diǎn)，同時又有所懷疑，D選項(xiàng)“對邁克爾?曼的主張有些懷疑”正確。A選項(xiàng)“地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高”：根據(jù)第三段第四句itfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm（完全支持如今的溫度不正常的觀點(diǎn)），可知沒有提到地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高。B選項(xiàng)“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C選項(xiàng)“地球會變暖”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句itdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.（它不支持關(guān)于全球變暖科學(xué)的爭論——反對者堅持認(rèn)為這一爭論仍然存在。），可知這份新報告沒有偏向任何一方，爭論仍然存在，B選項(xiàng)“這場爭論以全球變暖懷疑論者落敗而告終”不符合文章內(nèi)容，為正確答案。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知對于全球變暖的這個話題的觀點(diǎn)一直在變化，A選項(xiàng)“對全球變暖的不贊同態(tài)度前后矛盾”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第三段第一句Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann（這份報告是由弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的氣候?qū)W家MichaelMann去年提出的關(guān)于過去氣候變化的質(zhì)疑引發(fā)的。），可知對MichaelMann觀點(diǎn)的質(zhì)疑促使NRC做這份報告，C選項(xiàng)“對MichaelMann斷言的爭議讓NRC做這份新報告”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第二段第二句That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.（對于那些聲稱目前的暖期只是平均氣溫自然變化的一部分的人來說，這是一個打擊——全球變暖懷疑論者經(jīng)常這樣斷言。），可知不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為地球平均氣溫變化是自然的，D選項(xiàng)“那些不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為變暖是一種自然現(xiàn)象”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural,”to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知作者不認(rèn)同地球變暖是自然現(xiàn)象的觀點(diǎn)，贊同地球變暖的理論，A選項(xiàng)“贊同”正確；B選項(xiàng)“中立”，C選項(xiàng)“否定”和D選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查，人口調(diào)查；（官方的）統(tǒng)計，調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度；審查機(jī)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心，良心”。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個瓶子里是錯誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheyearsfollowingthepublicationofDarwin’sworkhaveseenafabulousdevelopmentofgeneralandhumanpaleontology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.parallel

C.marvelous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctive獨(dú)特的，特別的B.parallel極相似的，同時發(fā)生的

C.marvelous極好的，非凡的D.unique獨(dú)特的，罕見的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】fabulous的意思為“極好的，絕妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用來形容development，指的是古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)發(fā)展得特別好，非常迅速，marvelous與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在達(dá)爾文發(fā)表著作幾年后，古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。

4.單選題

TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain（）.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause（）.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritain

C.howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingtea

D.howtea-timewasborn

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.peopletriedtocopythewayMadamedeServingedranktea

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.茶葉在商店里買不到，甚至那些買得起的人也是從荷蘭寄過來，只是因?yàn)檫@是一件時髦的珍品?！庇纱丝芍枞~是從荷蘭進(jìn)入英國的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文前半部分討論了英國人對茶的引進(jìn)和認(rèn)識，后半部分講到了英國人對茶的喜愛，所以總的來說，這篇文章主要是討論了英國人喝茶的歷史。選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.與此同時，（歐洲）大陸上的人們越來越喜歡茶?！边@里的時間即上一段提及的17世紀(jì)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland…因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為他們必須模仿她做的每件事，所以他們喝茶的時候也加牛奶。慢慢地，這個習(xí)慣傳到了英國……”由此可知，歐洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿MadamedeServinge夫人喝茶的方式，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。題干問的是“英國人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受什么的影響？”根據(jù)上一題可知，英國人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受到一位法國夫人的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少”，B項(xiàng)contract“收縮”，C項(xiàng)constringe“使收斂”，D項(xiàng)名詞shrink“縮水”；句意：我不敢洗那件襯衫，怕它會縮水。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析?！癳xamine檢查，調(diào)查”；exemplify“例證，例示”；extract“提取，摘錄”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：這幅畫完美地例證了在那個時期非常流行的印象派風(fēng)格。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

7.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來自倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會悲劇性地在年輕時死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運(yùn)動。而現(xiàn)在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運(yùn)動的。因此A選項(xiàng)“大部分時間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“吃得太多”，C選項(xiàng)“非常努力的學(xué)習(xí)”，D選項(xiàng)“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國，就有100多萬16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數(shù)大大地增加了。因此C選項(xiàng)“在80年代中期，超過50萬16歲以下的英國兒童被歸類為超重。”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項(xiàng)“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國的現(xiàn)象，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說，導(dǎo)致我們體形變化的原因是現(xiàn)代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見，隨手可得，而科技的發(fā)展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關(guān)。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項(xiàng)“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項(xiàng)“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很快”，C選項(xiàng)“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會像最近的美國肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當(dāng)后代變得非常肥胖時）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說不。）這里不是回答開始的問題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“回答父母會比孩子長壽嗎？這個問題”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該開始節(jié)食”均不符合題意，故選C。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的旗幟，維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。我們將加強(qiáng)與各主要大國協(xié)調(diào)合作，建設(shè)良性互動、合作共贏的大國關(guān)系。中國愿與國際社會一道，為人類和平與發(fā)展事業(yè)不懈努力！

【答案】Wewillholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandsafeguardnationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Wewillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithmajorpowerstobuildamajorpowerrelationshipfeaturingbenigninteractionandwin-wincooperation.Chinaisreadytoworktirelesslywiththeinternationalcommunityforthecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind!

9.單選題

Shefeltthatshewastoo（

）withproblemstobeabletostudyproperly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burdened

B.tired

C.grieved

D.disturbed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。burdened“背負(fù)的”；tired“疲倦的”；grieved“悲傷的”；disturbed“打攪的”。句意：她覺得自己背負(fù)著太多問題而不能正確學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。too···to···“太······而不能······”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

She’scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold-enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty.“Youcanseeit.It’sjustsoextraordinary,”saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston’ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind“feminized”versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprisingandhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer“l(fā)ooks-ism”untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:“Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenenslavedbyit.”

1.Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis（

）.

2.VictorJohnstonsynthesizedanewfacebycombiningthefeaturesof16

（

）.

3.ThoughafewtinychangesmadebyJohnston,thesynthesizedfacebecameevenmore

（

）.

4.VictorJohnstonhasproducedsuchanattractivefaceinorderto

（

）.

5.Paragraph4suggeststhathumanbeautymaybe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infactinherlatetwenties

B.Johnston'sidealgirlfriend

C.astunningbeauty

D.isaprofessionalprostitute

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beautifulEuropeanwomen

B.casuallychosenwhitewomen

C.differentwomenaroundtheworld

D.ordinarywesternwomen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.masculine

B.average

C.feminine

D.neutral

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.givehiscomputerabeautifulscreen

B.studythemythofhumanattractiveness

C.provethehumancapacitytocreatebeauties

D.understandwhyCaucasianfacesarespecial

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.culturallydifferent

B.adisease-freeidol

C.dependentonindividual

D.avalueagreedbytheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段中第一句“awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.—有幸擁有這樣一副姣好面容的女子，其回頭率一定會是百分百的。”可知C選項(xiàng)“一個絕色美女”正確；而A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上己經(jīng)快30歲了”、B選項(xiàng)“約翰斯頓理想的女朋友”及D選項(xiàng)“是一位職業(yè)妓女”文中都未提到，排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓合成了一張新面孔，結(jié)合了16歲…….特征’。由第二段中第二句“bydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces通過數(shù)字地平均16個任意選擇的女性白種人的面容”確定B選項(xiàng)“隨便選擇的白人女性”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是‘盡管約翰斯頓做了一些微小的改變，合成的臉變得更加…’。由第二段中第三句“Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".然后，計算機(jī)程序?qū)ε悦婵撞煌谀行悦婵椎牡胤竭M(jìn)行夸張?zhí)幚恚瑥亩谌祟惷廊菘茖W(xué)的領(lǐng)域中創(chuàng)造了一個‘超女性’”可知C選項(xiàng)“女性的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男性的”、B選項(xiàng)“平均的”和D選項(xiàng)“中立的”均不符合文意。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘維克多?約翰斯頓制造出這樣一張迷人的臉是為了…’由第三段中第一句“Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.約翰斯頓將此做成了一部電影短片，這是他正在進(jìn)行研究的一部分：我們?yōu)槭裁从X得一些人長相漂亮，二另一些人則相貌平平呢？”可知B選項(xiàng)“研究人類魅力的神話”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干意思是‘第4段指出，人類的美可能是…’由第四段中最后一句“Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.它（即人類的美）可能是歷史久遠(yuǎn)且普遍存在的，由千百年的進(jìn)化演變而來，成者為王，敗者為寇”確定D項(xiàng)“一個世界同意的價值”正確。

11.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)common“普通的；一般的”，B選項(xiàng)mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項(xiàng)same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項(xiàng)cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達(dá)的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬年左右，人口迅速增長，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長大約始于一萬年前，那時人們開始放牧、犁地和種地。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長再次被吸收后，人口增長率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長也可能放緩。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

13.單選題

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assembly“集會；集合”；B選項(xiàng)session“會議；（法庭的）開庭；（議會等的）開會”；C選項(xiàng)conference“會議；協(xié)商”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的；慣例的”。句意：污染問題，還有其他幾個問題，將于明年春季代表……再次召開時討論。根據(jù)前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個名詞，做thecongress“代表大會”的表語。由此可排除D選項(xiàng)。conference為正式用詞，一般指大型會議，各國之間的協(xié)商、會談等。assembly多指一個通常有許多人參加、計劃好的，為某一特殊目的而召集的會議。session一般指議會等召開的正式會議，也可指法庭之休庭期，會議之會期。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞again“再一次”，說明現(xiàn)在的會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束，需要等到下一個會期再進(jìn)行討論，insession“會議期”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan（

）thesoundfromtheradio.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。intensify意為“加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化”；amplify意為“放大，擴(kuò)大”，一般指聲音的放大；enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大