考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)學(xué)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)學(xué)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe______ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.reputation

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別，承認(rèn)”；appreciation“欣賞”；reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”；evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”。句意：在19年的職業(yè)生涯中，法國(guó)Battiate贏得了意大利以外廣大讀者的贊賞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Mary（）thedocumentcarefullytomakesurethattherewerenoerrorsinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrutinized

B.overlooked

C.skipped

D.disregarded

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。scrutinized詳細(xì)檢查；overlooked忽略、檢查；skipped跳讀；disregarded忽視。句意：瑪麗仔細(xì)檢查了文件以確保沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Wehadamarvelousholiday;onlythelasttwodayswasslightly（）byweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。damaged“破壞”；enhanced“提高；加強(qiáng)”；spoiled“溺愛(ài)；糟蹋；破壞”；diminished“減少；縮小”，根據(jù)句子前后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知此處想表達(dá)的是最后兩天受到了天氣的不好影響，被破壞了，所以此處應(yīng)該從damaged與spoiled兩個(gè)中間選擇，damage主要是指事物的價(jià)值或功能部分受損，spoil除了有溺愛(ài)、寵壞、破壞的意思外，還指事物完整性、完美性或者整體感受的破壞，此處表達(dá)的是最后兩天由于壞的天氣的影響，使其完美性遭到破壞，所以應(yīng)該用spoil。句意：我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)十分愉快的假期，只有最后兩天稍微被天氣……了。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

4.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“（~about/onsth）看法，見(jiàn)解”；B選項(xiàng)avision“想象；幻想”；C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”；D選項(xiàng)asight“（看見(jiàn)的或看得見(jiàn)的）事物或景象；一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題?？偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問(wèn)題更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

5.單選題

Maryonce（

）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。merge“混合”；collaborate“合作”；coincide“一致”；constitute“組成，構(gòu)成”。句意：瑪麗曾經(jīng)與另外一位音樂(lè)家合作寫(xiě)了一首流行曲。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.寫(xiě)作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

7.單選題

Themanagerpromisedtopaythemwellandinreturnhewouldexpecttheirloyaltyand（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.execution

B.commitment

C.endurance

D.persistence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Execution“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行”；commitment“承諾，承擔(dān)義務(wù)”；endurance“忍耐，持久性”。句意：這位經(jīng)理承諾給他們高報(bào)酬，并且作為回報(bào)，他能夠得到他們的忠誠(chéng)對(duì)待和義務(wù)的承擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thethreatofnucleardestructionseemstohavestimulatedthehumanmind’sdualistictendencies,theinclinationtodivideitsuniverseintoconflictingorcontrastingpairs.Thisdichotomizingqualitycanbeusefulifithelpsustostructureourperceptionofrealityandtoseetheworldmoresharply.Itcanalsobeemployedtostraitjacketordistortrealityandtodeepenconflictsbetweenhumangroupswithdifferingviewsorinterests.

Iwishtodiscussanotherkindofhumandichotomy,morefundamentalperhaps,withwhich,Ibelieve,wewillhavetocometotermsifplanetarysurvivalistobepossible.Itisadivisioninournaturesthatneedstobecomeanacknowledgedgroundofdiscourseforusall.Irefertothedivisionbetweenwhatmightbecharacterizedasthedarksideofourbeing—thehatefilled,destructiveelementthatdominatessomuchofourindividualandgrouplife—andthemoreloving,noblersideofourselves.Notwithstandingthefactthatmaniscapableofmuchgoodness,weare,inthedepthsofournatures,alsoprimitivebeasts,inclined,attimeswithlittleprovocation,toindulgeinsavagery,brutality,war,andvengeanceortocomplywillinglywiththosewhoprovideexamplesofsuchbehavior.

WilliamBroylesdescribesthedeepandintensepleasurethatheandothersoldiersinVietnamderivedfromkillinganddestroying.ThepoliticalcauseandhatredoftheenemydonotseemtohavebeenimportantforBroyles’soldiers.Broylesenumeratesthemanyelementswhichcontributetohowitcanbethatthoughtfulmenmaylovewarwhilehatingitatthesametime.Heincludescomradeship,thefreedomandescapefromeverydaybonds,thechancetotestone’sphysicalandemotionallimits,theseemingpoweroverlifeanddeath.Butmostimportantly,Broylessays,“Theloveofwarstemsfromtheunion,deepinthecoreofourbeing,betweensexanddestruction,beautyandhorror,loveanddeath.”

Psychoanalystsandothershavedocumentedthestrongassociationbetweenloveofviolence,ormurderoushatredinadultlife,andchildhoodoradolescenthurt,shame,andhumiliation.SalmanRushdie,inhispoliticalnovelShame,dramatizestheconnectioninbothindividualandcollectivelifebetweenwoundedprideandviolence.“Humiliatepeopleforlongenoughandawildnessburstsoutofthem,”Rushdiewrites.“ThepoweroftheBeastofShamecannotbeheldforlongwithinanyoneframeoffleshandblood,becauseitgrows,itfeedsandswells,untilthevesselbursts.”

Yetwhenitcomestowar-makingthereseemstobesomethingmoregeneral,moreuniversal,operating.RosemaryDaniell,inarecentarticle,tellsaboutaloverofhers,anarmysergeantshecalls“Zane”.Zane,likeBroyles’Vietnamsoldiers,likestokill.Butnowitis1982andZane,askydiverandparatrooper,istraining“youngmaggotshowtokill”.Zanedrillsboyswhoareforcedtoyell“kill”witheverystep.OneofhisT-shirtsbearstheGreenBeretmotto,“LivebyChance,LovebyChoice,KillbyPreference”.ButitisnotZane’sbrutality,ortheeroticismconnectedwithitforbothofthem,which,forDaniell,asforBroyles,ismostimportant.Rather,itisherowncapacityfordestruction,orforattachingherselftosomeoneelse’sevil.

Thecentralideahereisthatnoneofthisisunusual.Notfarbelowthesurfaceineachofusareimpulsesofhatredandviolencewhichcanbearousedwithaminimumofprovocation.Wemayneedonlyanopportunitytoavengesomerealorimaginedhurt,therightpoliticalormilitaryconditionsandsupportingideology,andaproperlydesignatedenemy,sothatwemayparticipate,activelyorpassively,inkillingwithoutresponsibilityorguilt.Ihavestressedthisdark,violentsideofournaturesbecauseIbelievemoreefforttounderstanditsroleinpoliticallife,especiallyintheconductofinternationalrelations,needstobeundertakenifwearetoordermoreeffectivelyourcollectivelife.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatpsychologicaleffectdoes“thethreatofnucleardestruction”have?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhereferstothe“darkside”ofhumannature?

3.TheauthorusesBroylesandhistroopsasanexampletoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistherelationshipbetweenadebasedindividualandthatindividual’spredispositionforviolence?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistherelationshipbetweenRosemaryandZane?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsarerealbutlimited;theyshouldbedisregardedortreatedonacase-by-casebasis.

B.Theeffectsaremultifacetedandcanprovideamoredefinedviewofrealityormisrepresentrealityandcreatefurthersocialdivergence.

C.Theeffectscanbebothpositiveandnegative;ontheonehandcreatingglobalawarenessoftheissue,and,ontheotherhand,causingextremepsychosisinsomeindividuals.

D.Theeffectsaremostlydetrimental,bringingaboutsocialdishevelmentandanarchy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Humansareinherentlyevilinnature.

B.Humansarenihilisticandthereforesavageandbrutaltowardsoneanother.

C.Humansareunpredictableandcannotbetrusted.

D.Humansareanimalisticdespiteourapparentcivility.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedualismofhumannature

B.theresultsofpoliticalmotivation

C.theintensehatredthatcompelsamurderer

D.thehumaninfatuationwiththepowertocreateanddestroy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Degradinganindividualincreasesthatindividual’schancesofcommittingviolentacts.

B.Debasinganindividualleavestheindividualprostrate.

C.Shaminganindividualensuresthattheindividualwillgrowuptobeadelinquent.

D.Demoralizinganindividualinducescatatonia.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.RosemaryisattractedtoZaneforhismasculinity.

B.Zane’sinfidelityiswhatdrawsRosemary’saffection.

C.RosemarylivesvicariouslythroughZane’sbrutality.

D.Zane,beinganavidkiller,appallsRosemary.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thethreatofnucleardestruction”定位到文章第一段，后兩句中說(shuō)到“ithelpsustostructureourperceptionofrealityandtoseetheworldmoresharply.Itcanalsobeemployedtostraitjacketordistortrealityandtodeepenconflictsbetweenhumangroupswithdifferingviewsorinterests”，由此可知，核毀滅的威脅幫助我們構(gòu)成對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)知，讓我們更敏銳地觀察世界。它還可以用來(lái)約束或扭曲現(xiàn)實(shí)，加深不同觀點(diǎn)或興趣的人類群體之間的沖突。說(shuō)明核毀滅帶來(lái)的心理影響是多方面的，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合文意。

第2題:2.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第三句，但并未作出進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，在下一句中作者說(shuō)到“Notwithstandingthefactthatmaniscapableofmuchgoodness,weare,inthedepthsofournatures,alsoprimitivebeasts,inclined,attimeswithlittleprovocation,toindulgeinsavagery,brutality,war,andvengeanceortocomplywillinglywiththosewhoprovideexamplesofsuchbehavior”，盡管人類有能力做很多好事，但在我們的本性深處，我們也是原始的野獸，有時(shí)很少受到挑釁，傾向于沉迷于殘暴、野蠻、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和復(fù)仇，或心甘情愿地服從那些提供此類行為榜樣的人。作者想表達(dá)的就是“人類的獸性”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.作者意圖題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞“Broylesandhistroops”出現(xiàn)在文章第三段，這是一個(gè)實(shí)例，理論依據(jù)還是在上一段。第二段中說(shuō)到“Iwishtodiscussanotherkindofhumandichotomy…itisadivisioninournatures…”，作者想要討論人類的另一種雙重性，也就是人類本性的分歧。因此對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第四段第一句就說(shuō)到“Psychoanalystsandothershavedocumentedthestrongassociationbetweenloveofviolence,ormurderoushatredinadultlife,andchildhoodoradolescenthurt,shame,andhumiliation”，精神分析學(xué)家和其他人已經(jīng)證明，成人生活中對(duì)暴力的熱愛(ài)，或殺人的仇恨，與童年或青少年受到的傷害、羞恥和羞辱之間有著密切的聯(lián)系。具體表現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)在下文中引用薩爾曼?拉什迪書(shū)中的一句“Humiliatepeopleforlongenoughandawildnessburstsoutofthem”，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地羞辱別人，他們就會(huì)爆發(fā)出野性。說(shuō)明羞辱人會(huì)增加其實(shí)施暴力行為的可能性。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。Rosemary和Zane出現(xiàn)在文章第五段中，文中說(shuō)到“Zane…likestokill.Butnowitis1982andZane,askydiverandparatrooper,‘istraining“youngmaggotshowtokill’”，可知贊恩喜歡殺人。但現(xiàn)在是1982年，跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員兼?zhèn)惚澏髡谟?xùn)練“年輕的男孩們?nèi)绾螝⑷恕?。在本段最后提到Rosemary與Zane在一起的原因“itisherowncapacityfordestruction,orforattachingherselftosomeoneelse’sevil”，這是她自己毀滅的能力，或者是她依附于別人的邪惡的能力?？芍麄?cè)谝黄鸬脑蚴荝osemary把自己與他人的惡行聯(lián)系起來(lái)，間接地感受到了Zane的暴行。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)“羅斯瑪麗通過(guò)贊恩的殘忍間接地活了下來(lái)”符合題意。

9.單選題

Restandproperdietarecontributivetogoodhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conducive

B.apprehensive

C.pervasive

D.exclusive

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.conducive有助的；有益的B.apprehensive憂慮的；不安的

C.pervasive普遍的D.exclusive獨(dú)有的；專用的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：休息和適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍硨?duì)身體健康……。根據(jù)句意，休息和適當(dāng)飲食應(yīng)該是有益于身體健康。因此選A。劃線詞contributive意為“有幫助的”。A選項(xiàng)與劃線詞意思相近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】休息和適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍秤兄谏眢w健康。

10.翻譯題

沒(méi)有一流的人文教育，我們就不可能有世界一流大學(xué)。要建好文科院系，也要抓好對(duì)全體學(xué)生的人文教育。不同學(xué)科要各按步伐，按各自的內(nèi)在規(guī)律發(fā)展。“科學(xué)求真，人文求善，藝術(shù)求美”，達(dá)到真善美在學(xué)科層面的統(tǒng)一。我們是用世界上最少的錢(qián)，辦了最大的教育。我一直堅(jiān)信，到本世紀(jì)中葉，中國(guó)一定能夠成為世界一流的教育大國(guó)！

學(xué)校和教師的責(zé)任是真正發(fā)揮所有學(xué)生的潛能，使學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)為既有寬厚基礎(chǔ)、又有廣闊視野，既有活生生的個(gè)性、又能團(tuán)結(jié)他人、能夠引領(lǐng)中國(guó)未來(lái)發(fā)展的精英人才。

【答案】Withoutfirst-classliberalartseducation,wecannothaveworld-classuniversities.Tobuildagoodliberalartscollegesanddepartments,butalsotopayattentiontothehumanitieseducationofallstudents.Differentdisciplinesshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirowninternallaws."Scienceseekstruth,humanityseeksgoodness,artseeksbeauty",achievingtheunityoftruth,goodnessandbeautyatthedisciplinelevel.Wegotthebiggesteducationintheworldwiththeleastmoney.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,Chinawillbecomeaworld-classeducationcountry.

Itistheresponsibilityofschoolsandteacherstotrulygiveplaytothepotentialofallstudents,sothatstudentscangrowintoeliteswhohaveagenerousfoundation,broadvision,livelypersonality,unitywithothers,andcanleadChina'sfuturedevelopment.

11.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realized

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組固定搭配。Beexemplifiedby是固定搭配，意思是“這一點(diǎn)也證明……”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：作為一名作曲家，以下的作曲集可以證明他（的實(shí)力）。

12.單選題

Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.

MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.

Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.

Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.

Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.

WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.

Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.

26.AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace______.

27.TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto______.

28.ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that______.

29.Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?

30.Whichismostanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesnotexistwithregardtoatoms

B.isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatoms

C.isanerroneousnotionconcerningatoms

D.possessesinertialmass

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theories

B.notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruth

C.highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theory

D.addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefields

B.scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheories

C.hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsound

D.hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot.

B.Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower.

C.Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants.

D.Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels.

B.Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatientshealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday.

C.Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild.

D.Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)德謨克利特的說(shuō)法，真空……”。定位到第三段前兩句Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.（第二，在整個(gè)真空中原子在每個(gè)方向無(wú)限運(yùn)動(dòng)。德謨克利特說(shuō)，在真空中沒(méi)有上面或下面、前面或后面。），這一點(diǎn)屬于德謨克利特原子論的其中一點(diǎn)。根據(jù)德謨克利特的說(shuō)法，在真空中，原子的運(yùn)動(dòng)是沒(méi)有方向的，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于原子的運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)說(shuō)是沒(méi)有方向的”正確。定位第二段最后一句Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.（原子外的空間是真空的，這是德謨克利特同時(shí)代的大多數(shù)人無(wú)法接受的概念）可知，A項(xiàng)“對(duì)于原子來(lái)說(shuō)是不存在的”與原文相反，為反向干擾；而原文并未提及德謨克利特對(duì)于原子的概念是錯(cuò)誤的，C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于原子，它的概念是錯(cuò)誤的”屬于曲解原文。D項(xiàng)“具有慣性質(zhì)量”講的是原子的連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，和題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第4段討論了亞里士多德和他的追隨者的看法，是為了……”。定位第四段最后一句ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.（亞里士多德和他的有影響力的追隨者普遍拒絕接受慣性定律，這成為物理學(xué)發(fā)展的一個(gè)障礙，持續(xù)了兩千年）可知，亞里士多德和他的追隨者對(duì)慣性定律的普遍拒絕造成了兩千年來(lái)的物理學(xué)發(fā)展的障礙，所以作者討論到這一點(diǎn)是為了注意有影響力的個(gè)人能推遲科學(xué)真理的接受，B項(xiàng)“注意到有影響力的個(gè)人推遲了對(duì)科學(xué)真理的接受”正確。這一段沒(méi)有討論到德謨克利特理論準(zhǔn)確性，A項(xiàng)“支持德謨克利特理論的可信性”和C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)德謨克利特理論某些部分的準(zhǔn)確性”屬于無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)討論中加入哲學(xué)元素”在該處沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，也屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第六段的德謨克利特將靈魂包含在他的物質(zhì)宇宙理論中可以推斷出……”定位到第六段，從Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.（他認(rèn)為靈魂是呼吸，因?yàn)楹粑俏镔|(zhì)的，因此由原子構(gòu)成，所以靈魂也必然是這樣。他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，因?yàn)殪`魂是物理的東西，它必須由物理定律決定，它不可能是自由的。）可知，德謨克利特認(rèn)為靈魂是呼吸，而呼吸是由原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)，所以靈魂也是由原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)，屬于物理，由物理定律決定。綜上所述，從德謨克利特的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們可以推斷，哲學(xué)和物理是相互依存的，故A項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)、宗教和科學(xué)并不總是被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立的領(lǐng)域”符合題意。定位第一句WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.（德謨克利特關(guān)于第五點(diǎn)的判斷是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，直到今天還沒(méi)有定論）可知，德謨克利特關(guān)于靈魂的觀點(diǎn)知道今天還不知道是否正確，所以B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們?cè)谔岢稣軐W(xué)理論方面常常不成功”和C項(xiàng)“他的思路基本上是不正確的”無(wú)從推敲，屬于曲解原文。D項(xiàng)“他試圖用亞里士多德的思想來(lái)思考”在該段沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“德謨克利特很可能相信下列哪一項(xiàng)可以解釋一朵花的生命周期？”定位第一段第二句Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.（德謨克利特認(rèn)為，每一個(gè)物質(zhì)事物都是由有限數(shù)量的離散粒子組成的，他稱之為原子，這些粒子的結(jié)合和隨后的分離解釋了事物的產(chǎn)生和消逝）可知，德謨克利特認(rèn)為物體的產(chǎn)生和消逝和原子的聚集和分散有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)“花朵生長(zhǎng)時(shí)原子聚集在一起，死亡時(shí)原子分散”符合這一理論，該項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“一種獨(dú)特的物質(zhì)被吸引到真空中的某一點(diǎn)并扎根”、B項(xiàng)“原子的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了花朵的錯(cuò)覺(jué)”和C項(xiàng)“構(gòu)成靈魂的物質(zhì)同樣也將生命吸入植物”都不符合德謨克利特關(guān)于原子的觀點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)與第六段中勇敢的思想家關(guān)于靈魂的觀點(diǎn)類似？”定位到第六段最后兩句Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.（即使是那些聲稱接受這一理論的勇敢的思想家們，也沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)得好像他們接受了這一理論。他們可能會(huì)否認(rèn)別人天生的自由，但他們表現(xiàn)得好像相信自己的自由。），由此可知，聲稱接受了靈魂不是自由的觀點(diǎn)的勇敢的思想家們，在行動(dòng)上并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)得他們接受這一個(gè)理論，他們一邊接受別人沒(méi)有天生自由，一邊卻相信自己的自由，這和B項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生建議他的病人戒煙，以改善病人的健康，而醫(yī)生每天抽一包煙”是一樣的，所以B項(xiàng)是正確的。A項(xiàng)“政治家使用公共交通工具的習(xí)慣，因?yàn)樗诔鞘械拿總€(gè)人都是這樣出行的”、C項(xiàng)“一位母親每天帶她的女兒去練芭蕾舞，因?yàn)樗r(shí)候從來(lái)沒(méi)有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)博物館館長(zhǎng)決定不舉辦展覽，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為公眾不會(huì)喜歡它”都不符合這一觀點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Alltheseprojectsrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan______throughtaxesalonetoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.israised

B.beingraised

C.toberaised

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。than為介詞，后面要用-ing形式，故A項(xiàng)排除；因?yàn)槎愂帐潜徽魇?，故D項(xiàng)排除；通過(guò)today可知，不含有將來(lái)之意，C項(xiàng)排除；句意：如果需要他們?yōu)槲覀兎?wù)，所有這些項(xiàng)目都需要對(duì)新設(shè)備和新的發(fā)展做出連續(xù)不斷的支出，比要多于今天單獨(dú)通過(guò)稅收得來(lái)的資金。故正確答案為B。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書(shū)的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測(cè)是天文學(xué)類書(shū)籍，所以D選項(xiàng)“一本天文學(xué)書(shū)籍的序言”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“科幻小說(shuō)的序言”，科幻小說(shuō)對(duì)象不正確；B選項(xiàng)“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書(shū)籍……”不符；C選項(xiàng)“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類在天文學(xué)方面的研究擴(kuò)展和特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)作者寫(xiě)第一段的目的是“來(lái)解釋今天天文學(xué)的背景和新特征”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)討論太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是簡(jiǎn)單介紹并未詳細(xì)討論，所以A錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明今天的世界與一代人以前在許多方面不同”，只是說(shuō)明研究的新進(jìn)展，并不是世界的不同；D選項(xiàng)“引進(jìn)一些新建立的空間站”與題意不符。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文學(xué)為所有人提供了冒險(xiǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是一種向外探索的推進(jìn)，也許有一天，它會(huì)被視為一種替代選擇，取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭(zhēng)吵和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，以控制一個(gè)封閉、有限的地球上日益減少的資源?！盇選項(xiàng)“在其他行星上永久定居的實(shí)現(xiàn)”原文并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“更多的干擾不僅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“地球上的秩序、和諧與和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消費(fèi)主義、意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭(zhēng)吵和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”進(jìn)而可以維護(hù)地球秩序和諧和平，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“所有人有機(jī)會(huì)在太空旅行”與題意不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他們學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)的部分原因可能是為了尋找科學(xué)和其他人類活動(dòng)之間的聯(lián)系：哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、環(huán)境行為，甚至是藝術(shù)和宗教?！庇纱丝芍?，研究天文學(xué)還可以更多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。所以B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)天文學(xué)的研究，可以更多地了解人類及其在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)看不見(jiàn)的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合題意；C選項(xiàng)“不再關(guān)心天文事實(shí)”與原文敘述相反；D選項(xiàng)“比上一代的學(xué)生聰明得多”沒(méi)有比較無(wú)法體現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由劃線句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)版本時(shí)，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖對(duì)這些發(fā)展做出回應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍?，“這些發(fā)展”所包括的內(nèi)容是前文已經(jīng)提及的。A選項(xiàng)“全世界參與太空探索”和B選項(xiàng)“人類在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C選項(xiàng)“今天的天文學(xué)學(xué)生獲得的關(guān)于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有講述；D選項(xiàng)“科幻小說(shuō)和電影特效的發(fā)展”，文章主要是講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)闡述科幻小說(shuō)和電影的發(fā)展，所以D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。因此此題選擇D選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Onhergraduationfromcollege,Helenwasmarriedtoaclergyman,thepriestofaneighboring（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.division

B.district

C.parish

D.region

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)division“除法，部門(mén)，分配”；B選項(xiàng)district“區(qū)域，地方，行政區(qū)（尤指官方指定范圍的區(qū)域）”；C選項(xiàng)parish“教區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)region“地區(qū)，范圍，部位（只指比較大的一片區(qū)域）”。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，海倫嫁給了鄰近（）的一位牧師。根據(jù)后面的“牧師”一詞，可以得出她應(yīng)該是嫁給了臨近教區(qū)的一位牧師，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocountriessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identify,orconsciousness?