考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital______practicinginmedicine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withaviewto

B.withregardto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.withaviewto著眼于，以……為目的B.withregardto關(guān)于，至于

C.withtheaimat目的在于D.withtheobjectfor目的是為了

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由walkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital（在圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房里巡視）可知，______practicinginmedicine（行醫(yī)）中的空格處應(yīng)該表示“目的是……”，而withaviewtodoingsth.為固定用法，表示“為了做某事”。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法。

【句意】后來(lái)，薩默塞特?毛姆在圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房里巡視，目的是能從醫(yī)。

2.單選題

UnlessyoulivedthroughtheEisenhowerera,itmaybehardtoimaginetheimpactoftheon-screensightofsneeringhigh-schoolstudentschallengingadultswithswitch-blades.Butin1950sAmerica,killingwasstillseenassomethingrareandhorrible,somethingdonebysoldiersinbattle,bylawmen,bygangsters,orbytheoccasionalpsychopath.

Homicidesinmovies,eventhoseconsideredviolent,wereinfrequent.Thosefilmspresentedjuveniledelinquencymoreasthethreadofrebellionanddisobediencethanofoutrightviolence.

TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.Thechangein1957whenawaveofteen-street-gangkillinginNewYorkCity(22inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear)spurredtheemergencydeploymentofsixhundredPoliceAcademycadetsinawaronteenstreetcrime.Thoughteenviolencesoonlostitsplaceinnewsheadlinestoothercrises,itdidnotgoaway.

Thirty-fiveyearslaterAmericaisinthegripofaviolenceepidemicthathastransformedthecountryintooneofthemostdangerousnationsonearth.Thenationalhomiciderate,correctedforpopulationgrowth,increasedalmostexactly100percentfrom1950to1990.Inmajorcitiestheincreasehasbeenmuchhigher.InLosAngelesCountythe1953homicidetotalwas82.In1992,withapopulationalmostdoubled,thetotalwas2,512一anincreaseofover1,000percent.Thesearestaggeringincreasebyanymeasure,withtheone-yeartollforL.A.CountyexceedingthedeathsinoverfifteenyearsofconflictinNorthernIreland.

Youthcrimeaccountsforadisproportionatenumberofthesekillings.That’smorethantwicethenumberrecordedadecadeearlier,reflectingthefact,accordingtoFBIreports,thatthenumberofyouthswhocommittedmurderwithgunswasup79percentinonedecade.Clearlysomethinghasgonehorriblywrong.Inlookingforarootcause,oneofthemostobviousdifferencesinthesocialandculturalfabricbetweenpost-WorldWarIIandpre-WorldWarIIAmericaisthemassiveandpervasiveexposureofAmericanyouthtotelevision.Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientistsandmedicalresearchershavebeenexaminingscreenviolenceasapossiblecausativeelementinAmerica’sspiralingviolentcrimerate.Thereiscompellingevidenceofadirect,demonstrablelink.HomicidehasbecomethesecondleadingcauseamongAfrican-Americanyouth.In1992theUSsurgeongeneralcitedviolenceastheleadingcauseofinjurytowomenaged15to44,andtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlconsiderviolenceapublichealthissue,tobetreatedasanepidemic.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

3.Amajorreasonforyouthcrimeincreaseis（）.

4.Itisafact,in1992,that（）.

5.Theword“spiraling”（Para.5）iscloseinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthe1950sonhigh-schoolstudentshavebeenathreattothesafetyofadults

B.inthe1950sonlysomegun-menusedgunasweapons

C.itwasinthelate1950sthatviolencewasfrequent

D.youthcrimebeganinthe1950s

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereweremorethan22killingsofteenagersinNewYork,in1957.

B.Thewaveofteenmurderurgedpolicementotakeaquickaction.

C.ViolencewassoemergentthatevensixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereturnedtoforhelp.

D.SixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereinvolvedinthestreetcrime.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.populationgrowstoomuch

B.youngpeopleareexposedtoomuchtoscreenviolence

C.violenceisapublicissue

D.theeconomicbackground

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.populationinLosAngeleswasof2,512people

B.homicidetotaled352inLosAngeles

C.homicideroseupto2,512inLosAngeles

D.populationinLosAngeleswasover1,512

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moving

B.changing

C.rising

D.falling

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知沒(méi)有提及高中生對(duì)成年人的安全構(gòu)成威脅,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)B在文中也沒(méi)有提及;根據(jù)二三段的內(nèi)容,在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國(guó)很難想象青少年犯罪,然而確實(shí)發(fā)生了,“TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.”由此可以推斷,選項(xiàng)D正確。原文主要說(shuō)的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力,所以選項(xiàng)C不正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thechangein1957...teenstreetcrime.”1957年,紐約市發(fā)生了一起青少年街頭幫派殺人事件(今年前6個(gè)月有22起),促使600名警察學(xué)院學(xué)員緊急部署,以打擊青少年街頭犯罪。所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientists...demonstrablelink.”自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),行為科學(xué)家和醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員一直在研究銀幕暴力,認(rèn)為它可能是美國(guó)不斷上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的證據(jù)表明,兩者之間存在直接的聯(lián)系。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)兩句“InLosAngelesCounty...ofover1,000percent.”1953年洛杉磯縣共有82個(gè)殺人犯。1992年,殺人犯總數(shù)達(dá)到2512,幾乎翻了一番——增加超過(guò)1000%。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)原文句意可知,“spiraling”指急劇增長(zhǎng)的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

3.單選題

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（對(duì)位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（豎琴師）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先決條件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（詩(shī)歌和音樂(lè)之間的密切關(guān)系幾乎不需要爭(zhēng)論。在英語(yǔ)中，兩者在歷史上有著密切的聯(lián)系）可知從歷史的角度來(lái)看，詩(shī)歌與音樂(lè)之間的關(guān)系是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作為文學(xué)作品的抒情詩(shī)和流行歌曲的抒情詩(shī)在本質(zhì)上仍然是一回事：詩(shī)歌）可知C選項(xiàng)“一首歌的歌詞和詩(shī)歌的歌詞沒(méi)有什么不同”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我們對(duì)作品評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須保持一致）可知C選項(xiàng)“歌曲創(chuàng)作和詩(shī)歌中最重要的共同評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

4.翻譯題

在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接觸”（directcontact）來(lái)傳遞的。

【答案】Indailylife,powerseemstobetransferredbydirectcontact.

5.單選題

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.

1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speakforthemajority

B.initiateaveto

C.criticizethegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.friendly

C.supportive

D.hostile

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestoday

B.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeath

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportance

D.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenalty

B.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

C.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

D.executionsandmurders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據(jù)下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價(jià)值，認(rèn)為死刑是對(duì)謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認(rèn)為死刑沒(méi)有多大的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的證據(jù)證明死刑的實(shí)施減少了謀殺的數(shù)量。又根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認(rèn)為死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價(jià)值作辯護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過(guò)社會(huì)隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為要根據(jù)謀殺程度來(lái)選擇死刑。所以作者對(duì)那些主張對(duì)所有人判處死刑的人的反應(yīng)很可能是否定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命）應(yīng)該僅僅被社會(huì)隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺的罪犯不應(yīng)該僅僅被隔離，而是應(yīng)該被處以死刑。可判斷出第二類殺人犯應(yīng)該被處以死刑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結(jié)論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實(shí)施的結(jié)果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實(shí)制止了許多謀殺的念頭?？膳袛喑鲎髡呦胍懻摰氖撬佬痰膶?shí)施和謀殺率的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。縱觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)“死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過(guò)論述和實(shí)例證明，死刑的實(shí)施確實(shí)有助于抑制謀殺率。可判斷出作者對(duì)于實(shí)施死刑的態(tài)度是支持的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Ihavesearchedallthebookstoresinthistown.Thebookyouaskedforisnot（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tedious

B.vivid

C.available

D.sufficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tedious意為“冗長(zhǎng)的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”；vivid意為“生動(dòng)的，逼真的”；available意為“可找到的，可購(gòu)得的，可獲得的”；sufficient意為“足夠的，充足的”。

句意：我搜遍了這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上所有的書店，你要的那本書沒(méi)有找到。

7.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的，宏偉的”；B選項(xiàng)benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的，親切的”；C選項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的，巨大的”；D選項(xiàng)favoring“有幫助的”。句意：這樣的交易會(huì)成功嗎？一位親近眾議院共和黨人的消息人士告訴我：“我認(rèn)為他們會(huì)接受”，他說(shuō)：“他們現(xiàn)在手頭沒(méi)有任何籌碼……對(duì)稅收減免設(shè)定上限將是非常寬宏大量的，這是為談判真正的稅收改革奠定基礎(chǔ)的好辦法?！盡agnanimous“寬宏大量的，有雅量的，寬大的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thefireman（）thebabyandcarriedhimoutoftheburninghouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.caughtup

B.seizedup

C.snatchedup

D.heldup

【答案】C

【解析】catchup趕上；seizeup中止，失靈；snatchup奪取，抓起；holdup舉起，阻擋。句意：消防隊(duì)員一把抓起孩子，把他從著火的房子里抱了出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ihadnotspent

B.didnotspent

C.wouldnothavespent

D.havenotspent

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)lastmonth可知此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，因此wish后面要用過(guò)完完成時(shí)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：我希望我上個(gè)月沒(méi)花這么多錢。

10.單選題

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)desperate“不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的”；B選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；難以忍受的；不真實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的；認(rèn)真的；莊重的；危急的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：雖然核毀滅永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法避免，但我們可以建議超級(jí)大國(guó)改變態(tài)度，幫助降低這種毀滅的可能性。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來(lái)為美國(guó)制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

（

）Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aslongas

B.As

C.While

D.Even

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Aslongas“只要”；B選項(xiàng)As“只要，隨著”；C選項(xiàng)While“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Even“甚至，即使”。（）我同情，我對(duì)他們脫困幫助不了太多。這里兩個(gè)句子是轉(zhuǎn)折讓步的關(guān)系，所以答案A排除，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候要用部分倒裝，所以答案B排除；D選項(xiàng)是副詞不能連接兩個(gè)句子，所以答案D排除；所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大腦皮層）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：大腦組織的特點(diǎn)是……。A選項(xiàng)“頭骨的內(nèi)部”；B選項(xiàng)“不同的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能”；C選項(xiàng)“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞密集排列”。第一段第一句話Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大腦被組織成不同的區(qū)域，每個(gè)區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能，在人類中這個(gè)組織非常明顯），因此答案選B。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移動(dòng)，吃飯和睡覺(jué)，甚至吠喊。A選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞”；B選項(xiàng)“頭骨”；C選項(xiàng)“半腦”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”。根據(jù)題干定位到第八九句話Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（實(shí)際上，它失去了我們通常所說(shuō)的智力的特征——意識(shí)、興趣、與環(huán)境的互動(dòng)，以及適應(yīng)和學(xué)習(xí)的能力。因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級(jí)功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）從這里可以看出答案選D。

第3題:詞義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“椅子”；B選項(xiàng)“身體的一部分”，C選項(xiàng)“某物所在的地方或某物被進(jìn)行的地方”；D選項(xiàng)“皮質(zhì)”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級(jí)功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）這里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申義“智力所在之地”，所以答案選C。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：皮質(zhì)層的視覺(jué)部分尤其有趣因?yàn)椤選項(xiàng)“特定的神經(jīng)元層對(duì)特定的輸入刺激方向敏感”；B選項(xiàng)“大部分結(jié)構(gòu)是由基因決定的”；C選項(xiàng)“水平線受到刺激”；D選項(xiàng)“垂直線受到刺激”。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大腦皮層的視覺(jué)部分尤其有趣。在視覺(jué)皮層中，對(duì)細(xì)胞的電刺激可以產(chǎn)生光的感覺(jué)，詳細(xì)分析表明，特定的神經(jīng)元層對(duì)特定的輸入刺激方向敏感，因此，一層對(duì)水平線反應(yīng)最大，而另一層對(duì)垂直線反應(yīng)最大）所以排除C、D選項(xiàng)，答案選A，選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有提及。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”；B選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；C選項(xiàng)“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)“大腦半球”。原文最開始引出了大腦皮層這一話題，通過(guò)舉了狗和視覺(jué)皮層中的例子來(lái)表明大腦皮層的作用，提出“大腦皮層似乎是大腦高階功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大腦皮層多年來(lái)一直是研究人員研究的主題”這一概念，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的片面的內(nèi)容，文章沒(méi)有花費(fèi)大量筆墨描寫“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”；“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”；D“大腦半球”，屬于以偏概全。

14.單選題

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然她很小的時(shí)候就寫了很多短篇小說(shuō)和詩(shī)歌，但直到25歲她才第一次獲得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故選A。

15.單選題

ThesimplewoodenhousesitsinanunremarkableoldneighborhoodinanOsakasuburb,thekindofplacepeopleforgetstillexistsinmodemJapan.Therearenopachinkoparlorsorcybercafes—noshopsofanykind,really.It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.Butlistentowhathappenswhenagray-hairedseptuagenariannamedKazukoKomiyamareturnsaftervisitingfriends,"Welcomehome,"avoicechirps."Isn’titaniceday?”

Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.Butit’sarobotnonetheless:achocolate-brownwombatthateventuallywillbeable,toflutteritseyeswhenKomiyama,77,enterstheroomandgigglewhenshescratchesitsfuzzylittlehead.Ittellsherwhattheweatherislike.Itremindsherwhenit’stimetotakehermedicine.Itsingssweetsongstoher.

ForKomiyama,amechanicalcompanionisaguardagainstthedreadfullonelinessmanyelderlyJapanesemustendure.ShesawonesuchtragicstoryonaTVnewsshowrecently.“Anoldman'sdeathwentunnoticedbecausehelivedalone,”shesays.“Dayafterday,hisdiaryread,‘Ididn'tmeetanybodytoday.Again.’Idon’twanttoenduplikethat.”SowhenwelfareworkersfromtheOsakasuburbofIkedaaskedforvolunteerstotesttheprototypeofMatsushitaElectricIndustrialCo.'spetrobot,shejumpedatthechance.Shekeepstherobotsittinginherlivingroom.Afteramonth,she’sstartingtowarm-uptothething,despiteoneirritatinghabit“Itspeakswithachildishvoice,”shecomplains.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’mtreatedasanoldperson.Iwouldratherhaveanequalrelationshipwitharobot.”

ThisismodemJapan,aGizmoNationwhereevengrandmothersmakefriendswiththeirgadgets.Forhalfacentury,theJapanesehavemadeitaculturalmissiontoturnoutasuccessionofcool,elegantandincreasinglyhumanmachines.Andwhatmachinestheyhavebecome:roboticgeishas;headgearthatprojectscomputerscreensinmidairinfrontofwearers'eyes;toiletsthatmeasureaperson’sweight,bodyfatandurinesugarlevels.Thecountrythatgavetheworldtransistorradios,theWalkmanandhand-heldvideogamesisnowpositionedtoturnitsloveofgadgetryintoaprofitablenationalenterpriseonceagain.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.WhogigglesafterKomiyamacomesintotheroomaccordingtothepassage?

3.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatnowadaysmanyoldpeopleinJapanare（）.

4.Thephrase"warm-upto"inthethirdparagraphcanbemostlikelyreplacedby（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasoneoftherolestherobotscanplay?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisimpossibleforpeopletofindhigh-techrobotsinasimplewoodenhouse

B.itiseasyforpeopletothinkofasimplewoodenhouseinthemodemJapan

C.Komiyamausuallygoestoacoffeerestauranttoreleaseherloneliness

D.Komiyamahasamechanicalcompanionwhosevoiceisverysharpandshort

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheoldwomanKomiyamaherself.

B.Komiyama'sfantasticpetrobot

C.AmechanicalcompanioninStarWars.

D.AnaughtyJapan'screationAstroBoy.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.treatedasoldpersons

B.verylonelyintheirlife

C.enjoyingthemselves

D.nottakengoodcareof

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomewarmerandwarmer

B.prepareforagamewiththerobot

C.starttolikeorbefriendlywith

D.approachtoorcomeupto

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Helpfulinstruments.

B.Friendlycompanions.

C.Entertainingmachines.

D.Instructiveeducators

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B,C,D都與原文不符。

2.根據(jù)第二段的一二三句“Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.選項(xiàng)A首先排除。It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.”既不是星球大戰(zhàn)里的機(jī)器人,也不是日本人創(chuàng)造的阿童木,所以排除選項(xiàng)C和D。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ForKomiyama,amechanicalcompanionisaguardagainstthedreadfullonelinessmanyelderlyJapanesemustendure.”可知,選項(xiàng)B日本的老人都很孤獨(dú),符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文,老人把機(jī)器人放在客廳,一個(gè)月后,開始慢慢的接受它。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,只有選項(xiàng)D有益的教育工作者,在文中沒(méi)有被提及,其他的均提到了。

16.單選題

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“萬(wàn)一，假使”。句意：歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個(gè)詞，以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Doyoufrequentthelocalstoreorbuyfromthemail-orderhouse?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.phoneat

B.parkat

C.chargeat

D.shopat

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作動(dòng)詞表示“常去”；A項(xiàng)phoneat沒(méi)有這個(gè)搭配，phone作動(dòng)詞表示“打電話”，B項(xiàng)parkat“在……停車”，C項(xiàng)chargeat“沖擊，猛攻”，D項(xiàng)shopat“在……購(gòu)物”。句意：你經(jīng)常去實(shí)體店買東西還是網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物呢？因此D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decre