考研考博-英語-華僑大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華僑大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項fundamentally“根本地”；B選項comparatively“相對地”；C選項certainly“無疑地”；D選項insignificantly“無關緊要地”。句意：計算機革命很可能像工業(yè)革命一樣______改變社會。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是計算機革命和工業(yè)革命一樣對社會的影響重大，A選項fundamentally“根本地”符合題意。題干中提到計算機革命很可能會改變社會，C選項certainly“無疑地”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查動詞辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive喪失，剝奪；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：這位囚犯被剝奪了三年的個人自由。C項符合句意。答案C。

3.翻譯題

Thetermeducationcanbeappliedtoprimitivecultureonlyinthesenseofenculturation,whichistheprocessofculturaltransmission.Aprimitiveperson,whosecultureisthetotalityofhisuniverse,hasarelativelyfixedsenseofculturalcontinuityandtimelessness.Themodeloflifeisrelativelystaticandabsolute,anditistransmittedfromongenerationtoanotherwithlittledeviation.Asforprehistoriceducation,itcanonlybeinferredfromeducationalpracticesinsurvivingprimitivecultures.Thepurposeofprimitiveeducationisthusguidechildrentobecomegoodmembersoftheirtribeorband.

Historicallyallculturesandsocietieshaveprovidedsomeformof“education”,formalandinformal.WhetherwearediscussinginformaleducationofademonstrationvarietyorthehighlyritualizedandformalmechanismsofadoctoralprogramintheUnitedStates,allsystemsofeducationoperateimplicitlyorexplicitlywithasetofpedagogicalobjectives.Inabroadsensetheoverallgoalsofeducation,formalandinformal,aretotransmittheskills,competencies,andvaluesthatthespecificculturedeemsnecessarytoassurethemaintenanceofthesociety.

【答案】只有從表示文化傳播過程的文化適應的意義上來看,教育這一詞才能應用于原始文化中。對于一個把他自己的文化當做他的全部世界的原始人而言,他對文化連續(xù)性和永恒性有著相對固定的理解。他的生活方式相對穩(wěn)定和純粹,而在代代相傳的過程中,這種生活方式也不會發(fā)生很大的改變。至于史前教育,它只能從幸存的原始文化中通過教育實踐推知。原始教育的目的在于引導孩子成為他們一伙或樂隊中的一名優(yōu)秀的成員。

從歷史角度上看,每個文化和社會都提供了某種形式的教育,不管是正式的,還是非正式的。不管是我們正在討論的非正式教育的示范還是美國高度儀式化和正式的博士項目機制,所有的教育形式都直接或間接地帶有一套教育目的。從廣義上講,教育的總目的,正式或非正式的,是為了傳播特定文化所需的用來保證社會群體維持的技能、能力和價值觀。

4.單選題

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.

Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.

2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?

5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.itspracticaladvantages

B.perceivedlanguagefluency

C.itsroleincognition

D.itsroleinmedicine

問題2選項

A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered

B.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults

C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal

D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages

問題3選項

A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.

B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.

C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.

D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.

問題4選項

A.Anabilitytoignoredistractions

B.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.

C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.

D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.

問題5選項

A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.

B.Interferenceandsuppression.

C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.

D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事實證明，雙語能讓你更聰明。它可以對你的大腦產(chǎn)生深遠的影響，提高與語言無關的認知能力，甚至可以在老年時抵御癡呆癥）可知C選項“它在認知中的作用”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種干擾與其說是一種障礙，不如說是一種偽裝的祝福。它迫使大腦解決內(nèi)部沖突，給大腦一個加強認知肌肉的鍛煉）可知B選項“它帶來意外的有利結果”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹干擾雖然存在，但能鍛煉認知肌肉，第四段介紹研究表明雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能，接著又詳細說明大腦的工作流程來證明上面的觀點。故第四段進一步說明第三段的內(nèi)容，因此D選項“它進一步說明了第三段的觀點”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但這種解釋似乎越來越不充分，因為研究表明，即使在不需要抑制的任務中，雙語者的表現(xiàn)也比單語者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（雙語者和單語者之間的關鍵區(qū)別可能更為基本：提高了監(jiān)控環(huán)境的能力）可知B選項“監(jiān)測環(huán)境的能力”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出雙語者更聰明，尾段提出雙語經(jīng)驗對學習第二語言的有利影響，中間內(nèi)容解釋了雙語干擾帶來能鍛煉認知肌肉，雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能。因此D選項“雙語者更聰明的原因”符合題意。

5.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin

（

）.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause

（

）.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?

問題1選項

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.

C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.

問題2選項

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingtheghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

問題3選項

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratethepatient

D.noneoftheabove

問題4選項

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Crushedsandstone

D.Flour

問題5選項

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPainting

C.TheprocessofSandpaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先指出藝術除娛樂還有其他功能。之后便納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例,說明了沙畫師如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用的,故選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞ahealingceremony定位至第二段:Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer5’toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing(為了抵消這種邪惡力量，病人或其親戚將會請一位“歌唱者”舉行一場治療儀式，通過這種儀式將邪惡力量吸引過去)。故選B。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit(通過這種方式，那些邪惡的力量都將被病人吸取，最終病人的身體會變得強健)。故選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour(所用材料在納瓦霍人居住地范圍內(nèi)很容易獲得。通過兩塊石頭將棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的沙石研磨成粉狀，就像將玉米研磨成粉狀一樣)。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章以納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例，詳細討論了沙畫是如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用。故選B。

6.單選題

Inthisageofglobalization,weneedtoabandonourhistoricalideaof（

）asasinglereligiousornationalalliance.

問題1選項

A.identity

B.registration

C.dignity

D.qualification

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞辨析。identity身份；registration登記，注冊；dignity尊嚴；qualification資格。句意：在全球化時代下，我們需要擯棄視身份為單一的宗教或民族認同的歷史觀點。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問題1選項

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。which指代前面的整個句子,

對主句起附加說明的作用。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都粉刷了他們的房子,

這使我的房子看起來比實際更破舊。

8.單選題

Itisnecessarythathe（

）theassignmentwithoutdelay.

問題1選項

A.handin

B.handsin

C.musthandin

D.hastohandin

【答案】A

【解析】考察itisnecessary+that…固定句型的用法。固定句型：Itisnecessary+that（should）be+其他成分，選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

WhyhavebegantoreadIrishbookswitha（）andpassionateinterest.

問題1選項

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.prying

D.inquiring

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他們開始懷著濃厚的好奇和興趣閱讀愛爾蘭的書籍。

考查形容詞辨析。inquisitive好學的，好奇的，興趣廣泛的，過分打聽他人私事的；curious好奇的;prying愛打聽的;inquiring好問的，愛探索的。句子整體表達的是帶褒義的，因此A項正確。

10.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務,因為他的判斷一直都很可靠。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

MerrileeMiller,merchantsassociationmarketingdirector,calledthefestivitiesa(n)_______forthesickeningfeelingsleftbytheshootingsatWestroadsMallonWednesday.

問題1選項

A.antifebrile

B.antidote

C.counteract

D.neutralization

【答案】B

【解析】antifebrile退熱劑;antidote解毒劑,矯正方法;counteract抵消,中和;neutralization中和,中立。句意：美國商人協(xié)會市場總監(jiān)MerrileeMiller稱,周三發(fā)生在西街購物中心的槍擊事件給人們留下了一種令人厭惡的情緒,而慶祝活動則是一劑良藥。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.

問題1選項

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法中情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。A項shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事（其實沒做）”；B項musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C項wouldhavedone表示“將會做某事”，常用于表達虛擬語氣；D項oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”，比shouldhavedone語氣強，意思為根據(jù)責任或者義務應該做。句意：警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項。

13.單選題

Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.

問題1選項

A.elemental

B.base

C.fundamental

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項elemental“基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、氣、火）”（強調(diào)屬于事物的基礎或本質(zhì)）；B選項based“基地在……的；在……居?。ɑ蚬ぷ鳎唬ㄒ阅呈拢榛A，為根據(jù)”；C選項fundamental“基本的，根本的”（強調(diào)重要性，根基作用等，指重要程度即非常重要）；D選項inherent“固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來的，遺傳的”。句意：準確性是計算機編程的基礎。befundamentalto...“基礎的；基本的”。因此C選項正確。

14.填空題

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】intrinsic的用法為beintrinsictosth.，形容詞fulfilling修飾management，意思為“令人心滿意足的”；根據(jù)關鍵詞and，可知responsibilities和management是名詞，橫線處和fulfilling為形容詞，executive意思為“執(zhí)行的”，符合語境。

【句意】閱讀和理解大量的文件和報告——其中許多是專業(yè)和技術性的——是一項至關重要的任務，是實現(xiàn)管理和執(zhí)行職責所固有的。

15.填空題

（1）moremoneyIsimplydon'tseehowwecancontinuethisproject.Let'sallputourheadstogetherandthinkofpossible（2）ofemergencyfunding.

【答案】1.without;

2.sources

【解析】1.語義題。句意:我不知道我們這個項目該如何繼續(xù),由此可知該空應填入介詞without。表示“沒有更多的錢”。

2.語義題。第二空前為形容詞possible,所以缺一個名詞，由關鍵信息emergencyfunding“緊急專項資金”可知sources“來源”符合句意。

16.單選題

Iamtoinformyou,thatyoumay,ifyouwish,attendtheinquiry,andattheinspectorsdiscretionstateyourcase（）orthroughanentrustedrepresentative.

問題1選項

A.indepth

B.insecret

C.inperson

D.inexcess

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項indepth“深入地；全面地”；B選項insecret“秘密地；私下地”；C選項inperson“本人；親自”；D選項turnup“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn)；卷起；使仰臥”。句意：我要通知你，如果你愿意，你可以參加調(diào)查，并根據(jù)調(diào)查人員的決定親自或委托代表陳述你的情況。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein____.

問題1選項

A.residents

B.lodgers

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.residents居民；旅客B.lodgers租客

C.settlers移民D.inhabitants居民

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原句前文中的landladies“女房東”推斷，該處指的應該是租房的租客。B選項lodgers“租客”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項residents指的是某地的居民或者旅店的旅客；

C選項settlers“移民”；

D選項inhabitants既可以指人，即某地的居住者；也可以指棲息在某處的動物。

【句意】這所大學只允許附近幾位經(jīng)過挑選的女房東接收房客。

18.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項compensate“補償”；B選項constructwell“構造得很好”；C選項manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項terminate“使終止；使結束；解雇”。句意：在國內(nèi)，他們在農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國工人和戰(zhàn)俘來彌補。結合此處關鍵詞madegood“補償”，得知A為正確答案。

19.單選題

Ifitistruethatmoralitycannotexistwithoutreligion,thendoesnottheerosionofreligionheraldthe______ofmorality?

問題1選項

A.regulation

B.basis

C.belief

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。regulation“管理，規(guī)則”；basis“基礎”；belief“信仰”；collapse“倒塌，失敗”。句意：如果道德離不開宗教是真實的，那么宗教腐朽不就意味著道德喪失嗎？選項D符合題意。

20.單選題

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。reward“報酬”；insurance“津貼”；interest“興趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反饋”。句意：如果有人能夠給你出主意，并給你反饋，那么研究起來就容易多了。選項D符合題意。

21.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

問題1選項

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.advancement促進；推動B.acquisition（知識、技能等的）獲得；得到

C.announcement（指行動）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（對事實、現(xiàn)實、存在的）承認；感謝；謝禮

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以……他為學院所做的寶貴工作。根據(jù)邏輯，是由于約翰遜博士為學院做了貢獻所以被授予榮譽稱號，這個稱號是用來感謝他的。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】約翰遜博士被授予榮譽稱號，以表彰他為學院所做的寶貴工作。

22.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

問題1選項

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項areinfectiousto“有傳染性”；B選項areaccessibleto“都可以訪問”；C選項aredisposedof“正在處理”；D選項aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意：醫(yī)生有興趣使用激光作為手術工具，對那些容易心臟病發(fā)作的人進行手術。根據(jù)此處關鍵詞heartattack（心臟?。┛膳懦鼳選項，B選項及C選項不符合句意也可排除，D選項aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合題意，因此D選項正確。

23.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問題2選項

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問題3選項

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問題4選項

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問題5選項

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的作者主要關心的是…’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結構確定B選項“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項“總結一個論點”，C選項“對不同的觀點進行比較”和D選項“做出一系列的預測”都不能準確表達作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國的制造商一直試圖通過削減成本來提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強其國際競爭力?！贝_定C選項“增加他們的競爭優(yōu)勢”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強競爭力的，故答案選項為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀70年代美國企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項“介紹作者觀察結果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對汽車制造商的研究表明，一個行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個問題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人?！訠選項“支持前期有關一個提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干詢問‘作者對大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個詞來描述？’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項“無私的，公正的”正確。

24.單選題

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

問題1選項

A.separated

B.cutoff

C.unique

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。separated“分開的”；cutoff“切斷，中斷”；unique“獨特的，獨一無二的”；integrated“綜合的，完整的”。根據(jù)冒號后面的內(nèi)容：由于文化差異，一個城市不能簡單地復制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市規(guī)劃者認為每個城市都是獨一無二的。所以選項C正確。

25.翻譯題

來美國求學的中國學生與其他亞裔學生一樣，大多非常刻苦勤奮，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時間去實驗室加班，因而比起美國學生來，成果出得較多。我的導師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學生勤奮與扎實的基礎知識，也特別了解亞裔學生的心理。因此，在他實驗室所招的學生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余5位均是亞裔學生。他干脆在實驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時至晚12時，工作時間必須全力以赴?！边@位導師的嚴格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學生被招進他的實驗室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學旅程。

【答案】LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountries,mostChinesestudentswhocometofurthertheirstudyintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesindustriously.Evenonweekends,theywouldspendoneortwodaysworkingovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericanstudents,theyobtainmoreachievements.MysupervisorisanAsianpeople.Heisobsessedwithalcoholsandcigarettes,andhasanirritabletemper.However,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatthesestudentsthinkabout.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofthelaboratory,whichread“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours”.Thissupervisorisknownforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedandgottheirPh.Ddegrees.Inthesummerof1990,regardlessofother’sdissuasion,Iacceptedmysupervisor’ssponsorshipandembarkedonmydifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit.

26.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)Suchepi