中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 句子成分 結(jié)構(gòu) 講義

第六-七講句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和類(lèi)型學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容教學(xué)目標(biāo)1單詞的詞性分類(lèi)識(shí)記單詞的詞性2基本的句子成分識(shí)記基本的句子成分3各類(lèi)詞性充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞峙袛嗖煌~性的單詞充當(dāng)何種句子成分問(wèn)題層級(jí)圖：目標(biāo)層級(jí)圖：

課堂講義詞性的分類(lèi)名詞

(n.)student,China,family,milk代詞(pron.)you,his,herself反身代詞,these,what,everything形容詞(adj.)good,afraid,important副詞(adv.)soon,there,quite,carefully,always動(dòng)詞(vt.&vi.&vl.)study,come,forget,sleep,are,smell,become數(shù)詞(num.)twohundred,fifth,onethird,threepercent介詞(prep.)in,above,insteadof,during連詞(conj.)so,both...and,until冠詞(art.)a,an,the練習(xí)：請(qǐng)將方框中的單詞按要求進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。desk,wonderful,seldom,finish,between,either…or,ourselves,map,that,twelve,with,leave,because,hardly,lunch,know,song,him,over,high,thirtieth,aswellas,deep,usually,ninth,keep,through,friendly,therefore,those,thousand,quickly,argue,if,above,lovely,nothing,bag,across名詞：_________________________________________________________________________動(dòng)詞：_________________________________________________________________________代詞：_________________________________________________________________________形容詞：_______________________________________________________________________副詞：_________________________________________________________________________介詞：_________________________________________________________________________連詞：_________________________________________________________________________數(shù)詞：_________________________________________________________________________答案：名詞：desk,map,lunch,song,bag動(dòng)詞：finish,leave,know,keep,argue代詞：ourselves,him,that,those,nothing形容詞：wonderful,high,deep,friendly,lovely副詞：seldom,hardly,usually,quickly介詞：between,with,over,through,above,across連詞：either...or,because,aswellas,therefore,if數(shù)詞：twelve,thirtieth,ninth,thousand句子成分定義：句子成分是句子的組成成分。根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)在句子當(dāng)中的地位和作用的不同，可以分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等不同的成分。成分功能例句核心成分主語(yǔ)句子的主體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者Janeisgoodatmaths.Theyweresingingasong.謂語(yǔ)句子的核心，主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的行為L(zhǎng)ilycanplaythepianowell.Hegetsupearly.賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者Iboughtsomeflowersinthestore.Louishasmadetheviewclear.表語(yǔ)描述主語(yǔ)的身份或狀態(tài)Tomisastudent.Wewerequiteexcitedwhenithappened.非核心成分定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞Jennyisabeautifulmodel.Ihavegotsomethingimportanttotellyou.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞及句子Sheranveryquicklywhenshesawhermomyesterday.Unfortunately,hefailedtheinterview.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)對(duì)所修飾詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Ifinditinterestingtolearnswimming.Wewillmakehimourleader.同位語(yǔ)解釋名詞或代詞的具體內(nèi)容He,thelittleboy,savedthegirlbravely.Theideaisclearthathumanbeingsaredamagingtheearth.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)判別出劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分。Thesecretofsuccessistokeeponworking.Timeismoney.MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek.Mygrandmotherwastiredwhensheclimbedthestairs.ThetallChinesegirlisspeakingtoherteacher.HisunclesingsEnglishsongsquitewell.Wehavetomakethehousecleanandtidybeforewemoveintoit.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore.Whathereallymeantwastoputitintopractice.答案：1.主語(yǔ)2.表語(yǔ)3.謂語(yǔ)4.賓語(yǔ)5.定語(yǔ)6.狀語(yǔ)7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)8.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ)三、各類(lèi)詞性在句中的用法成分詞性主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)名詞√√√√√√代詞√√√√形容詞√√√√副詞√√√√動(dòng)詞√數(shù)詞√√√√√√介詞(短語(yǔ))√√√√e.g.1.Igetannoyedwhensomeonetalkstomerudely.講解：在該句中，I充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)，get是系動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，annoyed為過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。when之后是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在從句中someone是不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，talks充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，me為賓語(yǔ)，rudely則是副詞修飾talks作了狀語(yǔ)。2.Shefoundthebookexcitingandkeptreadingit.講解：在該句中，she是句子的主語(yǔ)，found是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，thebook作賓語(yǔ)，exciting則充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),對(duì)book進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。and為連詞，kept與found并列作謂語(yǔ)，reading是動(dòng)名詞作kept的賓語(yǔ)，it則是指代thebook又作read的賓語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：請(qǐng)判別出劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分。Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass. _________________________答案：狀語(yǔ)解析：“課下我再回答你的問(wèn)題?！薄癮fterclass”做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Timeismoney. _________________________答案：表語(yǔ)解析：“時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)?！北揪涫侵飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)。Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore._________________________答案：補(bǔ)語(yǔ)解析：“這個(gè)人看見(jiàn)一個(gè)小偷走進(jìn)了這家商店?！薄皐alkingintothestore”做“saw”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek._________________________答案：謂語(yǔ)解析：本句是主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu)，“willfly”做句子的謂語(yǔ)。HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing._________________________答案：定語(yǔ)解析：of結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，意為“有關(guān)宮殿的照片”，所以做photo的定語(yǔ)。Hisdreamistobecomeascientist._________________________答案：表語(yǔ)解析：本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式做句中的表語(yǔ)。Tomcametoaskmeforadvice. _________________________答案：補(bǔ)語(yǔ)解析：“湯姆跑來(lái)問(wèn)我的意見(jiàn)?！庇捎凇癱ome”是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能直接加賓語(yǔ)，這里是接不定式來(lái)描述動(dòng)作，所以不定式在此做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，是對(duì)整個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. _________________________答案：定語(yǔ)解析：形容詞修飾不定代詞放后面，“一些重要的事”，所以這里是做定語(yǔ)。Luckily,hewasn’tbadlyhurt. _________________________答案：狀語(yǔ)解析：副詞位于句首，修飾整個(gè)句子，這是狀語(yǔ)的功能。IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish. _________________________答案：賓語(yǔ)解析：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要?！贝颂幨莍t做形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式做真正的賓語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：請(qǐng)連詞成句，并圈出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。thefish,we,ate,thismorning.解答：Weatethefishthismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,to解答:Marygavethebooktoherfather.smells,theflower,great解答：Theflowersmellsgreat.theman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket解答:Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.OrThemancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket.he,well,hishomework,does解答:Hedoeshishomeworkwell.showed,thebeautifulpictures,she,hermother解答：Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.heardme,when,he,heopenedthedoor,singingasong解答：Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.found,toswim,it,insuchcoldweather,she,terrible解答:Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.taught,thegreatimportance,ourteacher,us,ofprotectingtheearth解答:Ourteachertaughtusthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.clean,me,theroom,he,helped解答:Hehelpedmecleantheroom.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)分析下文中劃線(xiàn)句子的成分。Twomenwerestandingatabar.Onemanturnedtotheotherandsaid,‘I’llbetyou$100thatIcanbitemylefteye.’Thewager(賭注)wasaccepted,andthemanpopped(突然挖出)outhisglasseyeandbitit.‘Now,’hesaid,‘Iwillgiveyouachancetowinyourmoneyback.Iwillbetyouanother$100thatIcanbitemyrighteye.’‘Hecan’thavetwoglasseyes.’thoughttheotherman,andheputdownhismoney.Thenthefirstmantookouthisfalseteethandbithisrighteye.答案：1.Twomen(主語(yǔ))werestanding(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)atabar(介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)).Thewager(主語(yǔ))wasaccepted(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞).I(主語(yǔ))willgive(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)you(間接賓語(yǔ))achance(直接賓語(yǔ))towinyourmoneyback(不定式作狀語(yǔ)).He(主語(yǔ))can’thave(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)twoglasseyes(賓語(yǔ)).Then(狀語(yǔ))thefirstman(主語(yǔ))tookout(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)his(定語(yǔ))falseteeth(賓語(yǔ))and(連詞)bit(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)his(定語(yǔ))righteye(賓語(yǔ)).四、英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型五種句型主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他成分主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Thechildrenslept.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)Ilikechattingonline.(賓語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)Sheisapolicewoman.(表語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)SurfingtheInternetbringsme(間接賓語(yǔ))muchfun.(直接賓語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)WecancallhimJack.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))練習(xí)：判斷下列句子屬于何種類(lèi)型并翻譯為漢語(yǔ)。（3分鐘）Timefliesby.Ican’tstandtheheat.IsentyouanE-mail.Itcostmethreedollars.Oneofmyoldfriendsdied.Youcanleavethedooropen.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Hedoeshishomeworkwell.Wewerefrightenedatthattime.Shelooksexcitedtoday.答案：1.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；時(shí)光飛逝 2.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；我受不了這熱度 3.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)；我給你寄了一封電子郵件 4.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)；它花了我三美金 5.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；我的一個(gè)老朋友過(guò)世了 6.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)；你可以讓門(mén)開(kāi)著 7.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)；老師們會(huì)讓你的英語(yǔ)變得更好 8.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；他做作業(yè)做得很好 9.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；我們那時(shí)很害怕10.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；她今天看上去很興奮補(bǔ)充：本節(jié)課討論了英語(yǔ)中簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型，而掌握句型的關(guān)鍵在于掌握動(dòng)詞的用法。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞分為系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞、雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，掌握了動(dòng)詞的用法，就能準(zhǔn)確判斷句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)詞種類(lèi)對(duì)應(yīng)句型系動(dòng)詞(be,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,get,become,turn,grow等)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞(run,work,sleep,die,listen,talk,sit,fly,sit,lie等)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞(like,want,buy,borrow,sell,know,take,save,prefer等行為動(dòng)詞)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(send,buy,give,show,bring,lend,hand,promise,teach,offer,pass,make等)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(call,think,elect,make,find,leave,see,hear,watch,notice,catch等)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)e.g.1.Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))=Sheshowedthebeautifulpicturestohermother.2.WeelectedhimpresidentoftheStudents’Union.(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))總結(jié)：區(qū)分句子是‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)還是‘主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)’結(jié)構(gòu)，主要看謂語(yǔ)之后的兩個(gè)成分是否可以互換位置。跟在雙賓語(yǔ)之后的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)是可以互換的，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，因此不能和賓語(yǔ)互換位置。練習(xí)1：將下列單詞組合成語(yǔ)序正確的句子，并判斷出是何種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。（2分鐘）thefish,we,ate,thismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,tosmells,theflower,greatthebaby,soundly,sleeping,wastheman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket答案：1.Weatethefishthismorning./Thismorningweatethefish.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Marygavethebooktoherfather.主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Theflowersmellsgreat.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thebabywassleepingsoundly.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Themancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket./Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)練習(xí)2：判斷出下列句型是‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)還是‘主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)’結(jié)構(gòu)，并將‘主謂雙賓’結(jié)構(gòu)的句子進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。（2分鐘）Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.Shedidmeafavor.Hesoldsomecurtainmaterialstome.Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.答案：1.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ) 2.主謂雙賓；Shedidafavorforme.3.主謂雙賓;Hesoldmesomecurtainmaterials. 4.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)（第7次課）分析句子成分的高級(jí)運(yùn)用練習(xí)：請(qǐng)分析下列句子的成分，說(shuō)明各個(gè)成分的詞性。（4分鐘）IwanthertoknowthatmydressisratherprettyandthatIwouldliketowearitattheparty.Weweretaughtthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Thetallmanisshowinghissonhowtoplanttreesbecausehehasagardeninthehouse.MyteacheradvisedmetoreadEnglishnewspapereverydaytoimprovemypronunciation.答案：I(人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ))want(行為動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ))her(人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ))toknow(不定式作賓補(bǔ))that(賓語(yǔ)從句連詞)mydress(名詞作主語(yǔ))is(系動(dòng)詞)rather(副詞做狀語(yǔ))pretty(形容詞作表語(yǔ))and(并列連詞)that(賓語(yǔ)從句連詞)I(人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ))wouldlike(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ))towearit(不定式作賓語(yǔ))attheparty(介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)).We(人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ))weretaught(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))thegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth(直接賓語(yǔ)).Thetall(形容詞作定語(yǔ))man(名詞作主語(yǔ))isshowing(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)hisson(間接賓語(yǔ))howtoplanttrees(直接賓語(yǔ))because(原因狀語(yǔ)從句連詞)he(人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ))has(行為動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ))agarden(名詞作賓語(yǔ))inthehouse(介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)).My(人稱(chēng)代詞作定語(yǔ))teacher(名詞作主語(yǔ))advised(行為動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ))me(人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ))toreadEnglishnewspaper(不定式作賓補(bǔ))everyday(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))toimprovemypronunciation(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)).六、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句1.簡(jiǎn)單句只含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句子1)Iamreadingabook.2)Iamreadingabookinthelibrary.3)Iamreadinganinterestingstorybookinthelibrarywithfullattention.2.并列句(1)并列句的常見(jiàn)連詞兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。并列連詞有：and,but,or等并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)連詞關(guān)系意義and并列，對(duì)稱(chēng)“和”but并列或選擇“或者”、“否則”、“要不然”or轉(zhuǎn)折“但是”e.g.Ilikeactionmoviesbutdon'tlikethrillers.我喜歡動(dòng)作片，但不喜歡恐怖片。Hurryuporyou'llbelate.快點(diǎn)，否則你要遲到了。注意：連詞可連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)，兩個(gè)分句，但所連接的兩個(gè)成分必須一致，絕不能一個(gè)是詞，另一個(gè)是句子。e.g.Hecameinandsatdownnearawindow.他進(jìn)來(lái)坐在了靠窗戶(hù)的座位。Ilikeredandorange.我喜歡紅色和橙色。Heisn'tmybrotherormyfriend.他不是我兄弟也不是我朋友。Ilikeplayingfootballandswimming.我喜歡踢足球喜歡游泳。(2)其他連詞關(guān)系并列andboth...andaswellasnotonly...but(also)neither...nor轉(zhuǎn)折but選擇oreither...or...not...but...orelse因果forso/sothattherefore對(duì)比while時(shí)間and遞進(jìn)notonly...butalsoneither...nore.g.Shenotonlysingsbutalsodances. (并列)Thefilmisnotperfect,still,it'sgood. (轉(zhuǎn)折)Takethechance,orelseyouwillregretit. (選擇)I'dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain. (因果)總結(jié)：1、一個(gè)句子有且僅有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2、再有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的話(huà)可以用連詞連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，或用連詞連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，形成并列句。3、依據(jù)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間的關(guān)系選擇合適的連詞。(3)特殊的并列句a.祈使句+and+一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子這個(gè)句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就會(huì)有后面句子表示的結(jié)果”。b.祈使句+or+一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子這個(gè)句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就會(huì)有后面句子表示的結(jié)果”。e.g.Givemeachance,andIwillgiveyouasurprise.給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)還你一個(gè)奇跡。Don'tmove,oryouwillbedead.別動(dòng)，否則你就死定了。練習(xí)1：選出正確答案。（1分鐘）1.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.A.or B.and C.for D.but2.Bequick,_____we’llbelateforclass.A.or B.so C.and D.but3.Comealittleearliernexttime,_____you’llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.A.and B.but C.or D.till答案：BAC判斷并列句的步驟：第一步：句子中有N＞1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：判斷連詞不是連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第三步：判斷并列句之間的關(guān)系，選擇合適連詞。練習(xí)2：選出正確答案。（3分鐘）1.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch.A.so B.or C.and D.but2.—Didn’tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather’sDay?—Oh,notonlymyfather,_____mygrandpagotredroses.A.or B.and C.but D.until3.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.or B.but C.so D.and4.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____failed.A.or B.so C.but D.because5._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Either;orNoneoftheshoesintheshopsaretherightsize.Theyare_____toobig_____toosmall.D----CA.both;and B.neither;nor C.either;or D.notonly;butalso7.“Areyougoingtoeathere____takeitaway?”askedthewaiter.A.and B.so C.or D.but8.Motherwasill,_____Fathercookedforusinstead.A.but B.or C.so D.and9.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.A.so B.and C.but D.for答案：1-5CCBCD6-9CCCA2.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句構(gòu)成。從句只用作句子一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。依據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可分為名詞性從句，形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句），副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）。e.g.Youboughtthebook.Ilikeit.簡(jiǎn)單句YouboughtthebookyesterdayandIlikeit.并列句，并列兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句Ilikethebookthatyouboughtyesterday.定語(yǔ)從句Hetreatedhisdaughterbetterintheprocess,whichmadeothersunhappy.定語(yǔ)從句Itisanimportantpointthatheisadoctorhimself.主語(yǔ)從句Shesaidthatitwasreallyeasy.賓語(yǔ)從句Thetruthisthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungasfivemonthsold.表語(yǔ)從句Thereislittledoubtthatyouwillbeabletojudgetruthanderror[ifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself].同位語(yǔ)從句+狀語(yǔ)從句Pleasedon’tputtheknifewherethekidcangetit.狀語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)：1、復(fù)合句中，從句從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。2、從句充當(dāng)什么句子成分就是什么從句。判斷復(fù)合句步驟：第一步：句子中有N＞1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：句子不是并列句第三步：判斷從句是否充當(dāng)句子成分（主，賓，同，表，定，狀）。練習(xí)：判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句還是復(fù)合句。（5分鐘）Ilikepopularmusic.Thegirllaughedinherroom.Theplanecrashedandkilledall200peopleaboard.Hewasadoptedwhenhewas13.Weofferedhimourcongratulations.Ican’tstandstayingathomealldaylong.Hedidn’tlikebananasorapples.IwillgoandIhopeyoucangowithme.Ihaveabookwhichmyfatherboughtforme.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Awomansawithappenwhenshewaswalkingpast.Peoplepreservefruitwhenitisinseasonsothattheywillbeabletoeatitalltheyearround.Youneverknowwhatyoucandotillyoutry.Thunderisthenoisethatairmakeswhenlightningjumpsthroughit.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsnameifitdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.PleasetellthepresidentoftheuniversitythatI’mverygratefultotheprofessorsandstudentsforarrangingthisvisitandforthewarmwelcomeIhavereceivedhereandthatwhenIgobacktomycountryIwillcertainlytellmypeopleallaboutmyvisithere.答案：簡(jiǎn)單句：1235610 并列句：7，8，16and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句：4,9,11,12,13,14,15,16 課堂檢測(cè)一、判斷下列單詞的詞性（5分鐘）however,some,of,the,have,bent,should,million,seem,a,therefore,sufficient,consultant,readily,big,moreover,where,behave,limp,tramp,an,trillion,must,yes,over,billion,function,can,remain,herevt.____________________________________________________________vi.____________________________________________________________lv.____________________________________________________________n.____________________________________________________________adj.____________________________________________________________adv.____________________________________________________________prep.___________________________________________________________pron.___________________________________________________________conj.___________________________________________________________art.____________________________________________________________num.___________________________________________________________mv.____________________________________________________________答案：vt. have,behave,tramp,vi. behave,limp,tramp,functionlv. seem,remainn. million,consultant,limp,tramp,trillion,yes,over,billion,function,canadj. some,bent,million,sufficient,big,limp,trillion,over,billionadv. however,some,therefore,readily,big,moreover,where,yes,over,hereprep. of,overpron. some,whereconj. however,whereart. the,a,annum. million,trillion,billionmv. should,must,can二、判斷劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分。（4分鐘）Isleptverybadlylastnight.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Hehandedmethenewspaper.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Myfatherpaintedmybookcasepink.Hewasseentocomein.HefoundEnglishimportant.Hisjobisadoctor.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.答案：主謂狀狀SV主謂賓SVO主謂賓狀SVO謂（助動(dòng)詞部分）主謂（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞部分）賓定定SVO主謂賓賓SVOO謂（助動(dòng)詞部分）主謂（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞部分）賓定定SVO主謂賓補(bǔ)SVOC主謂補(bǔ)SVC主謂賓補(bǔ)SVOC主系表SVP狀主感嘆句表謂主狀表示存在意義的句型三、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換（9分鐘）(A)Duringthesummerdaysmymotherbuiltherfireintheshadowofourcabin.Intheearlymorning____1____(we)simplebreakfastwasspreaduponthegrass.Themorningmealwasourquiethour.Atnoon,several____2____(whom)chancedtobepassingbystoppedtorest,andtoshareourluncheonwithus.Ilovedbesttheeveningmeal,forthatwasthetimeoldstoriesweretold.Iwasalwaysgladwhenthesunhunglowinthewest,forthenmymothersentmetoinvitetheneighboringoldpeopletoeatsupperwithus."Yes,yes,____3____(glad)Ishallcome!"eachreplied.Mymissiondone,Iranback,skippingandjumpingwith____4____(delightful).AtthearrivalofourguestsIsatclosetomymother,anddidnotleaveherside.Iatemysupperinquiet,listening____5____(patient)tothetalkoftheoldpeople,wishingallthetimethattheywouldbeginthestories.Atlast,whenIcouldnotwaitanylonger,Iwhisperedinmymother'sear,"AskthemtotellanIktomistory,mother."Thenmymothersaidaloud,"Mylittledaughteris____6____(anxiety)tohearyourstories."Aseachinturnbegantotellalegend,Ipillowedmyheadinmymother'slap;andlyingflatuponmyback,Iwatchedthestarsonebyone.Theincreasing____7____(interested)ofthetalearousedme,andIsatupeagerlylisteningforeveryword.Theoldwomenmadefunnyremarks,andlaughedso____8____(heart)thatIcouldnothelpjoiningthem.答案：1.erest8.heartily(B)The43rdU.S.presidentGeorgeW.Bushsteppedbackintothespotlightwhenalibraryandmuseumas____1____(dedicate)tohimopenedtothepubliconMay1.theGeorgeW.BushPresidentialLibraryandMuseumisdedicatedonthecampusofSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallas,Texas.Thelibraryandmuseumis____2____(plenty)withexhibitsonthe____3____(history)events.“About3000,000visitorsareexpected”,saidthelibraryandmuseumspokesman.Presidentiallibrariesarenotlibrariesinthe____4____(tradition)sense.PeoplecannotgototheGeorgeW.BushPresidentiallibrarytocheckoutabook.Theyarefacilitiesthatpreservedocumentsanditemsofapresidentandhisactofgoverning.Whateverispreservedatapresidentiallibraryisavailabletothepublictoseeandstudybecausepresidentiallibrariesarepublic____5____(proper)belongingtotheAmericanpeople.ThePresidentiallibrarysystembeganin1939whenPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,duringhissecondterminoffice,donatedhispersonalandpresidentialpaperstothe____6____(govern).Upuntilthatpoint,presidentialpapersweredestroyed,soldforprofit,ruinedbypoor____7____(store)conditions,orweresimplylosttothehistory.Rooseveltbelievedthatpresidentialdocumentswereanimportantpartofthenation’s____8____(heritable).HealsodonatedapotionofhisestateinHydePARK,NewYork,wherehislibraryandmuseumwouldbebuilt.Thisbeganatraditionthatwouldcarryonwitheverypresidentthatfollowed.答案：1.ernment7.storage8.heritage四、改錯(cuò)（9分鐘）此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷：如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤,在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上畫(huà)一個(gè)勾（√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤）,則按下列情況改正：此行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)（＼）劃掉,在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該詞,并也用斜線(xiàn)劃掉。此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧）,在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該加的詞。此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn),在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改。(A)Newresearchhasfound,backgroundmusiccanreduceyourabletoperform1.memorytasks.Studyparticipateswereaskedtorecallalistofeightlettersinthe2.ordertheywerepresented.Theydidthisinfivedifferencesoundenvironments:3.quietsurroundings;music

theyliked;musictheydisliked;changedstate;and4.steadystate.

Theparticipants’recallabilitywasthepoorestwhenlisteningmusic5.regardlessoftheylikedordislikedit,andinchanging-stateconditions.Themost6.accuracyrecalloccurredwhenparticipantsperformedthetaskinsteady-state7.environments,accordingtostudy

publishedonlineinthejournalApplied8.CognitivePsychology.“Whenperformingachallengingmentaltask,doin9.silent.”saidleadingresearcherNickPerham.10.答案：1.able→ability2.participates→participants3.difference→different4.√5.listening∧music插入to6.of∧they插入whether7.accuracy→accurate8.to∧study插入the9.do∧in插入it10.silent→silence(B)Awomanwaswaitingatairportonenight.Shehuntedforabook,boughtabag1.ofcookiesandfoundaplacetosit.Shewasabsorbedherbookbuthappenedto2.seethatthemansittingbesideshegrabbedacookieortwofromthebaginbetween3.them.Shetriedtoignoreit.Asthegreedilycookiethiefkepteating,shemunched4.somecookiesandwatchedtheclock.Shewasgettingangrierastimewent,when5.onlyonewasleft,shewonderedhewoulddo.Withasmileonhisface,and6.nervouslaugh,hetookthelastcookieandbrokeinhalf.Heofferedherahalf,7.andatetheother.Shegrabbedit,madoveronhisnotshowinganygratitude.8.Havingboardedtheplane,shesankinherseat,lookingfortheirbook.Shefound9.herbagofcookiesinstead.“Ifmineishere,hetriedtosharehis!HowrudeIwas!”10.答案：1.at∧airport插入an2.absorbed∧her插入in3.she→her4.greedily→greedy5.went∧,插入by6.wondered∧he插入what7.broke∧in插入it8.on9.their→her10.√五、改錯(cuò)：（5分鐘）I

like

reading

my

brother

likes

watching

TV.Mary

was

a

nice

girl,

butshe

had

one

shortcoming.Tom

got

up

early,

he

failed

to

catch

the

train.Becausehe

has

a

bad

coldsohe

is

not

at

school

today.My

sister

is

expecting

me，I

must

be

off

now.Youmustbecareful,youcrossamainroad.Hewentouttoplayfootballhehadfinishedhishomework.IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersnoonecanbeatthem.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.答案：1.錯(cuò)，reading∧my插入and/but/while；2.對(duì)；3.

錯(cuò)，early,

∧he插入but/yet4.錯(cuò)，去掉because或者so;5.me,∧I插入so6.錯(cuò)；careful,∧you插入when7.錯(cuò)；football∧he插入after8.√9.錯(cuò)，players∧no插入that；10.√課后作業(yè)判斷下列單詞的詞性。zone,a,theirs,scarcely,with,vivid,could,three,look,iftense,would,others,ninth,at,severe,the,extremely,million,whileradiation,myself,absolutely,offend,oh,taste,expand,delay,an,might名詞(n.):______________________________________________________________________代詞(pron.):___________________________________________________________________形容詞(adj.):__________________________________________________________________副詞(adv.):____________________________________________________________________及物動(dòng)詞(vt.):_________________________________________________________________不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.):_______________________________________________________________系動(dòng)詞(l.v.):__________________________________________________________________情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(m.v.):_______________________________________________________________數(shù)詞(num.):___________________________________________________________________冠詞(art.):_____________________________________________________________________介詞(prep.):___________________________________________________________________連詞(conj.):___________________________________________________________________感嘆詞(interj.):_________________________________________________________________答案：名詞(n.):zone,look,tense,while,radiation,taste,delay,might代詞(pron.):theirs,others,myself形容詞(adj.):vivid,tense,severe副詞(adv.):scarcely,extremely,absolutely及物動(dòng)詞(vt.):tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.):look,tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,系動(dòng)詞(l.v.):look,taste,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(m.v.):could,would,might數(shù)詞(num.):three,ninth,million冠詞(art.):a,the,an,介詞(prep.):with,at連詞(conj.):if,while感嘆詞(interj.):oh判斷劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.Theyappointedhimmanager.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.Idonotknowwhattodonext.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.Contrarytoourexpectation,thefunfairwasorganizedtenyearsago.Therearetwogirlsandaboyrunningontheplayground.Hisparentshaveworkedinthefactoryformorethantenyears.答案：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。(A)Ihateddinnerparties.ButImadea(1)__________(decide)togivethemanothertrybecauseI’minLondon.AndmyfriendMallery(2)__________(invitation)me.AndbecausethedinnerpartiesinLondonarevery(3)__________(difference)fromthoseinNewYork.InNewYork,“I’mhavingadinnerparty”means“I’mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucould(4)__________(hard)affordandwe’llbesharingthecheck(5)__________(even),whateveryoueat.”Worse,inManhattan,thereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They’llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,the(6)__________(host)willshout:“Whereareyougoing?”Andit’snotlikethatIcan’tsayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowsIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople’shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsarean(7)__________(interest)mix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themixislikea(8)__________(gather)atBloomingdale’s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.(9)__________(person),IthinkdinnerpartiesinLondonaremore(10)__________(impress)thanthis.答案：decisioninviteddifferenthardlyevenlyhostessinterestinggatheringPersonallyimpressive(B)Severalfactorsledtomy(1)__________(recently)caraccident.Firstofall,a(2)__________(heavily)snowandfreezingrainthathadfallenthedaybeforemadetheroadIwasdrivingondangerous.Theroadhadbeencleared,butitwasstill(3)__________(dangerous)icy.Despitetheslipperyroad,Iwas(4)__________(stupid)goingalongatabout50milesanhour,insteadofdrivingmore(5)__________(cautious).Anotherfactorwasa(6)__________(dirt)greenvanthat(7)__________(sudden)pulledontothero