高考英語(yǔ)話題復(fù)習(xí)一輪主題訓(xùn)練（二十四）自然災(zāi)害與防范安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)Word版含解析

主題訓(xùn)練（二十四）自然災(zāi)害與防范，安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)

大閱讀——提升閱讀速度?內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律

（滿分70分，限時(shí)55分鐘）I.閱讀理解（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）AClimatechangeleadstoathreattotheworld^sandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with14%to15%facingsevereerosion（侵蝕）.Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagingstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactorslikecoastalbuildingdevelopments,whichcanaffectabeach^health.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweightheseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumansputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld^beachesarelikelytobe.Ifshardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld^beachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld^coastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdestination.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolvesaroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld^mostpopularbeachesarealreadytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup（修補(bǔ)）badlyerodedshorelines,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsarehuge,andscientistssayroughseasandmorepowerfulstorms,superchargedbyawarmerclimate,willmakethisalosingbattle.However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld^beaches.Iftheworld^governmentsareabletosticktomodestcutsinheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthatl7%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,andthatnumberwillgrowto40%by21OOifgreenhousegasesarelimited.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：氣候變化對(duì)世界上的沙灘造成了威脅，預(yù)計(jì)到2100年，多達(dá)一半的沙灘可能會(huì)消失。因此，一些世界上最受歡迎的海灘已經(jīng)開(kāi)始采取行動(dòng)。Whichisthebiggestcontributortoseverebeacherosion?A?Damagingstorms.B.Waveerosion.socialmediapage”可知，記錄她在航行中發(fā)生的事情的一系列最新信息立即就被發(fā)布在社交媒體網(wǎng)頁(yè)上。故選A。A.putB.gatheredC.postedD.sent解析：選C參見(jiàn)上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“放，安置”；C項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)布”；D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)送”。A.callB.warningC.signalD.reply解析：選C根據(jù)第24空后的"rangthealarmthroughheremergencysystem”可知，她當(dāng)時(shí)拉響了警報(bào)器，由此可知，此處表示智利的海事中心收到了她發(fā)出的信號(hào)。故選C。A.systemB.courseC.subjectD.policy解析：選B根據(jù)第27小題的解析可知，海事中心收到信號(hào)后，即刻命令一艘船改變航向(course)去營(yíng)救GoodalloA.dryB.tidyC.stillD.steady解析：選D根據(jù)空后的“thewavingSouthPacific”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)海浪兇猛，因此她在等待的過(guò)程中，盡量讓船保持穩(wěn)定(steady)。A.leakingB.flyingC.flowingD.dropping解析：選A根據(jù)上文中的“pumpingoutwater”及下文中的"thedamagedcabin(船艙)”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)船已經(jīng)受損，并且開(kāi)始滲水。leak“滲入”。A.curiousaboutB.worriedaboutC.satisfiedwithD.disappointedwith解析：選B根據(jù)第29、30小題的解析可知，當(dāng)時(shí)船已經(jīng)開(kāi)始滲水，她需要在巨浪中穩(wěn)住船只、抽掉滲入的水等待救援。由此可推知，她對(duì)自己當(dāng)時(shí)的處境非常擔(dān)心。故選B。A.rescuedB.abandonedC.passedD.spotted解析：選D根據(jù)下文中的力oweringdownasmallboattosaveher”可知,趕來(lái)救援的智利船只發(fā)現(xiàn)了(spotted)她。A.fastB.properC.impossibleD.uncomfortable解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“upto13feetwaves”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，當(dāng)時(shí)放下小船去救她這一做法看起來(lái)是不可能的，當(dāng)時(shí)海浪太大，小船隨時(shí)都有可能被海浪吞沒(méi)。故選C。A.swallowB.liftC.hitD.push解析：選A參見(jiàn)上題解析。A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.InsteadD.Also解析：選C根據(jù)第33小題的解析及第36空后的“anotherway”可推知，考慮到用小船救人是不可能的，而有船員推薦另外一種方式。A.changedB.recommendedC-admiredD.described解析：選B參見(jiàn)上題解析。A.pulledB.keptC.graspedD.fetched解析：選A根據(jù)上文中的“Theyloweredalongthickropefromtheship”可推知，營(yíng)救人員放下一根又長(zhǎng)又粗的繩子，然后將Goodall從她自己的船上拉到安全的地方。故選A。A.hardlyB.probablyC.usuallyD.really解析：選D根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“GoodallarrivedattheChileanport”可知,用繩子救人的方法真的奏效了。故選D。A.answerB.accessC.damageD.contribution解析：選B根據(jù)空前一句可知，在海上遇險(xiǎn)的那幾天是她最艱難、最孤獨(dú)的時(shí)期。由此可推知，被營(yíng)救之后，她只想休息，而不想再讓自己接觸那些繁忙的日常事務(wù)。A.driveB.rideC.walkD.sail解析：選D根據(jù)第39小題的解析可知，雖然她不想再如此勞累了，但她還是認(rèn)為自己最好還是開(kāi)船返航回家，而不是就這樣放棄。故選D。精表達(dá)——夯實(shí)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)?提升表達(dá)能力I.單詞拼寫(xiě)Pompeiiwasdestroyedwhenthevolcano（火山）eruptedin79AD.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreaten（威脅）people'slives.It^reportedthatmorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricane（颶風(fēng)）clean-up..Thegovernmentshouldimprovethewarningsystemtopredict（預(yù)測(cè)）badweatherandnaturaldisasters..Afterthetyphoon,nearlyallthewaterandelectricitysuppliesaredamaged（毀壞）orevendestroyed.TheGreatWallwouldbeinruins(廢墟)onedayifwedidn'ttakeanystepstoprotectit.Unluckily,rainforestsaredisappearing(消失)atarateof80acresperminute!Theorganizationdistributed(分發(fā))foodtothefloodvictims,whichwashighlypraised..Thedrought(干旱)inthesouthwestofChinahaslastedforseveralmonths,whichmakespeoplefacewatershortage..It^reportedthattheheavyrainfall(降雨量)causedriverstobreaktheirbanks,washingawaybridges.n.單句語(yǔ)法填空Look!Fromoppositethestreetcometwokids,screaminginpanic.Everyyear,newgraduatesareseekingforjobssuitable(suit)forthemselves.Thegovernmenthasaninterestinimportingscientificequipment(equip)..Shewastheflrstwomantobeappointed(appoint)totheboard,forwhichshefeltveryexcitedandhappy..Theparentsoutsidetheschoolgatearebeinganxious(anxiety)abouttheirchildren'ssafety..Ifyouhavetheinteresttovisitthere,don'tforgettotakeacameraandyouareguaranteedto^njpy(enjoy)thesightsintheirnaturalstate.Appreciation(appreciate)ofworksofartisboundtobedominatedbyaparticularkindofinterest..Thedoghadbeenknockedunconscious(conscious)buthadsurvivedbydrinkingwaterfromafreshstream.Cyclingisabsolutely(absolute)anenergy-savingmeansoftransportation.Recently,peopleareterrified(terrify)ofitalkingaboutoneword"haze”..完成句子Theearthquakecausedstructuraldamagetomostofthebuildingsinthetown.這次地震給城鎮(zhèn)的大部分建筑造成了結(jié)構(gòu)性的破壞。.Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivesaeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage?有時(shí)候，微笑會(huì)如此有力量以至于它給遭受災(zāi)難的人以巨大的勇氣。Asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverything,leavingbadlydamagQdbuildings.一場(chǎng)劇烈的地震幾乎毀了一切，留下了嚴(yán)重受損的建筑物。Thecountryhasprovidedfoodandclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthedisaster-strickenareas.這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)為災(zāi)區(qū)無(wú)家可歸的人們提供了食品和衣物。Thestrongtsunamihascausedmornthan4,000deathsand&000peoplemissing.強(qiáng)海嘯已造成4000多人死亡，8000多人失蹤。.書(shū)面表達(dá)假定你叫李華。你校英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部準(zhǔn)備在本周五下午舉行有關(guān)校園安全(campussecurity)的英語(yǔ)演講活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。.現(xiàn)狀；2,重要性;3.措施。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearfellowstudents,參考范文：Dearfellowstudents,MynameisLiHua.Asiswell-known,thecampussecurityisahottopicnowadays.Forinstance,weoftenhearorseecampusviolence.There'snodoubtthatthecampussecurityisdirectlyrelatedtostudents'healthygrowthandthehappinessofmillionsoffamilies.Thenfirstly,weshouldraiseoursafetyawarenessallthetime,suchasnotrunningaftereachother,especiallygoingdownstairsorupstairs.Secondly,whenhavinganytroublewithsomeone,weshouldcommunicatepatientlyratherthanquarrelorevenfight.Lastly,weshouldreporttoteachersimmediatelyifthereissomethingwronghappening.Solet'smakejointeffortstocreateaharmoniouscampus.Thanksforyourlistening.C?Coastalbuildings.D.Sealevelrise.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容尤其是“Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweightheseotherfactors”可知，有很多因素會(huì)造成沙灘被侵蝕，其中海平面上升是導(dǎo)致沙灘被嚴(yán)重侵蝕的最大因素。.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?Itishardtoprotectcoastalbeaches.Onethirdofstormstakeplacenearbeaches.C?Beachesareofgreatsignificancetoourlives.D?MostAustraliansliveonbeachtourism.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的主旨句"It'shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld'sbeachesare."可知，再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)世界海灘的重要性也不為過(guò)。再根據(jù)該段中的“Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.“可佚口，海灘也是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎，支撐著休閑、旅游和其他活動(dòng)。根據(jù)段尾的“l(fā)ifenearthecoastrevolvesaroundthebeachformuchoftheyear”可知，靠近海岸的生活一年中很多時(shí)間都以海灘為中心。由此可以推斷，第三段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了沙灘對(duì)我們的生活非常重要。Whatdoestheunderlinedwordt€this,,refertoinParagraph4?A?Popularizingthebeaches.B,Holdingsandinplace.C?Reducingtheprojectcosts.D?Stoppingglobalwarming.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段中的“PlaceslikeMiamiBeach...sandinplace”可知，像邁阿密海灘這樣的地方正在努力修補(bǔ)嚴(yán)重侵蝕的海岸線，而其他地方則建造了海堤和防波堤，試圖把珍貴的沙子固定住。再根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，科學(xué)家說(shuō)洶涌的海洋和更強(qiáng)大的風(fēng)暴因更溫暖的氣候而增壓，這將會(huì)使得固定沙子是一項(xiàng)失敗的舉措。因此可知，this指的是holdingsandinplaceoB（2021-重慶調(diào)研）Ashirt,tieandblazermaynotbemyfavorite,butiflweregiventhechoice,Iwouldn'tthrowawaytheideaofschooluniform.Wearingauniformisabadgeofpride,createsanidentityforaschoolandisanimportantpartofbeingaschoolstudent.Myschoolisoneofmanythatseemtobeshiftingtoamoreformaluniform-thisSeptemberlwillbewearingashirtandblazerinsteadofmyoldjumperandpoloshirt.Anumberofstudentshavecomplainedaboutthechange,butsomepeoplebelievethataschooluniformcanimproveleamingbyreducingdistraction,sharpeningfocusonschoolworkandmakingtheclassroomamoreseriousenvironment,allowingstudentstoperformbetteracademically.Perhapsmostimportantly,auniformmeansstudentsdon'thavetoworryaboutpeerpressurewhenitcomestotheirclothes.Wheneveryoneisdressedthesame,worryingaboutwhatyoulooklikeisn'tsoimportant.Thereisnocompetitionaboutbeingdressedinthelatesttrend,whichwouldputagreatdealoffinancialpressureonstudentsandparents.Potentialbullieshaveonelesstargetfortheirinsults;it'shardtomakefunofwhatsomeoneiswearingwhenyouYedressedexactlythesame.InAmerica,whereamajorityofschoolsdonothaveauniform,roughly160,OOOchildrenmissschooleverydayduetofearofattackorintimidationbyotherstudents.Thismightnotbedirectlylinkedtowhatthey^ewearing,buthavingauniformcanbeasafetynetformanystudentswhomightotherwisesufferfrombullying.Auniformgivestheimpressionthatrulesarestrict,perhapshelpingmaintainasenseoforderatschooLMyuniformmightnotbewhatlwouldwearinmyowntime,butitgivesmeasenseofbelonging,takesawaythepressureofwhattowearandstopsthebullies.Schooluniformisn'tfashionable,butthafsexactlywhylthinkitshouldbeheretostay.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。在學(xué)?！拔摇边x擇穿校服，因?yàn)樾７菍W(xué)校的標(biāo)志，學(xué)生統(tǒng)一穿校服能使教室成為嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)所，讓學(xué)生更加專(zhuān)注于學(xué)習(xí)；此外，穿校服還能減少校園欺凌事件的發(fā)生。WhydoesthewritermentionAmericanchildrenwithoutuniformsinthepassage?A?ToshowpityforAmericankids.B?Toraisethegovernment^attention.C?Toprovethebenefitsofschooluniform.D?ToinformreadersofAmericankids^niforms.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容大意可知，對(duì)于許多可能遭受欺凌的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，校服是一種保護(hù)措施，而且也幫助維持了學(xué)校的秩序。據(jù)此可推知，作者在此提及美國(guó)兒童沒(méi)有穿統(tǒng)一的校服旨在說(shuō)明校服的好處，故C項(xiàng)正確。WhatisthewriteiJsattitudetowardsschooluniforms?A.Disapproving.B.Confused.C.Suspicious.D.Favorable.解析：選D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)尾段中的“itgivesmeasenseofbelonging,takesawaythepressureofwhattowearandstopsthebullies.Schooluniformisn'tfashionable,butthat*sexactlywhyIthinkitshouldbeheretostay”可推知，作者對(duì)校服持贊同的態(tài)度，故D項(xiàng)正確。Whichistheadvantageofwearingschooluniformsfbrschoolkids?A?Itsharpensconcentrationonoutdoortasks.B?Itremovestheteachers^nancialpressure.Itsatisfiesstudentsyressingtastesandfavorites.Ithelpsstudentsmaintainasenseoforderatschool.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Auniformgivestheimpressionthatrulesarestrict,perhapshelpingmaintainasenseoforderatschool”可知,校服也會(huì)給人留下規(guī)章制度嚴(yán)格的印象，有助于維持學(xué)校的秩序，故D項(xiàng)正確。Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?MyCoolSchoolUniformThePointofSchoolUniformTheldeaofDressingProperlyD.TheWayofGuardingKids'Safety解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者在文章中講述了穿校服的諸多好處，力薦學(xué)生應(yīng)該穿校服上學(xué)。故B“對(duì)校服的看法”能概括文章主旨，最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。CPlantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem-allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive（先發(fā)制人的）defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.WhenecologistJohnOnockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonsprayedsnailslime——aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme（酶），whichisknowntopreventplant-eatinganimals.uNoneoftheplantswereeveractual1yattacked,“Orrocksays."Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycateipillars（毛蟲(chóng)），whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOerafogz^.ThefindingthatasnairsapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects，”Karbansays.Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.“Thatsthemillion-dollarquestion,“Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)研究。研究表明植物會(huì)對(duì)外在威脅相當(dāng)警覺(jué)，會(huì)自動(dòng)作出反應(yīng)進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)。JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto.A?makethemgrowbetterB-givethemawamingC?keepplant-eatinganimalsawayD?informplant-eatinganimalsofdanger解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可推知，JohnOrrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑液體的目的是給予植物一種警告，讓它們能夠產(chǎn)生自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，且其與第三段第一句中的“histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat”呼應(yīng)，故選B。Whyistheexampleof'caterpillars^mentionedinParagraphS?A?Tointroduceanotheranimal.B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.C?Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.D.Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat”可推知，文章中提到毛蟲(chóng)的例子是為了驗(yàn)證研究的結(jié)果，故選B。WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?A?Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.B?Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.D?Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem”，并結(jié)合對(duì)最后一段的整體理解可推知，RichardKarban實(shí)際上想了解的是西紅柿植株是如何意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)的，故選A。Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WatchfulPlantsB.GreedyAnimalsC.ASnaifsApproachD.ADefenseAttack解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章中的關(guān)鍵詞plant,并結(jié)合對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是有關(guān)植物的科學(xué)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物有對(duì)外在威脅或攻擊的自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，故選A。D（2021-湖南五市十校聯(lián)考）Anonlinesupermarketcompany—Ocado血heUK,hasrecentlydisplayedarobotichandthatcanpickfruitsandvegetables!Whenanembryoisinthewomb（子宮）,theveryfirstsenseitdevelopsistouch.Thesenseoftouchisalsotheonethatlastslongest-aswegetolderandourvisionandhearingbegintoweaken,touchstillremains.Humansusetheirtouchtoprotectthemselves,tocreateemotionalrelationshipswithotherpeopleandtoexperiencepleasure.Canyouimaginelifewithoutit?Thesenseoftouchcomesfromanetworkofnerveendings（神經(jīng)末梢）andspecialtouchreceptorsonthesurfaceoftheskin.Whiletherearedifferentkindsoftouchreceptors,theyhelpusjudgepressure,textureandvibrations.Theyarelocatedinourfingertips,palms,solesofourfeet,face,lipsandtongue.Whenwetouchsomething,themechanoreceptorsfeelthetouchandthroughanetworkofnervessendsignalstothebrain.Thisinformsthebrainaboutthelocationofthetouch,theamountofforceused,andthespeedatwhichitwasused.Severaldifferenttechniqueshavebeentriedinthepastfewyearstocreatesucharobotichand-usingthreefingers.ButthislatestdesignbySoMacopiesthehumanhand.Itismadeupofflexiblematerialswhichgraspthethingbasedonitssizeandshape.Thenairpressureisusedtocontrolthemovementoftheroboticfingerstopickobjectssafelyandwithoutcausingdamage.Thenextstepwouldbefortherobottojudgehowripethefruitsandvegetablesare,andapplypressureaccordingly.Membersoftheresearchteamarecurrentlyworkingonaddingcomputerizedvisiontotherobots,sothattheycanseewhattheyaregrasping.Doesallthismeanrobotscanreplacepeople?AccordingtoOcado,theyhelpimproveproductivitybyremovingsomeoftherepetitivetasksdonebyhumans.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。英國(guó)在線超市Ocado最近展示了一只可以采摘水果和蔬菜的機(jī)械手，它由有柔韌性的材料構(gòu)成，并能依據(jù)物體的大小和形狀來(lái)進(jìn)行摘取。12.Whatisfocusedoninthesecondparagraph?A?Theoriginoftouch.B?Theimportanceoftouch.Thedevelopmentoftouch.Theprocessoftransportingtouch.解析：選B段落大意題。通讀第二段可知，該段第一、二句說(shuō)明了觸覺(jué)是人體最先發(fā)育、持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的感覺(jué)；根據(jù)第二段第三句"Humansusetheirtouchtoprotectthemselves,tocreateemotionalrelationshipswithotherpeopleandtoexperiencepleasure”可知,人們用觸覺(jué)來(lái)保護(hù)自己，創(chuàng)造和他人的情感聯(lián)系；據(jù)此可推知，該段主要介紹了觸覺(jué)的重要性，故B項(xiàng)正確。Whatdoestheunderlinedwordt4it,,inParagraph4referto?A.Thebrain.B.Thetouch.C.Thenerve.D.Thesignal.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段第二句"Thisinformsthebrainaboutthelocationofthetouch,theamountofforceused,andthespeedatwhichitwasused”可次口，這告次□大月盲所要觸摸的位置、使用的力度以及使用的速度；結(jié)合第四段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹觸覺(jué)發(fā)生的原理；據(jù)此可推知，畫(huà)線詞代指該句中的“touch”,故B項(xiàng)正確。Whatisthetypicalfeatureofthelatestrobots?A?TheycanseewhattheyYetakingholdof.B?Theycantaketheplaceofpeopleinworkplaces.Theycantellwhetherthefruitsandvegetablesareripe.Theycanholdthingsaccordingtotheirouterfeatures.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句的內(nèi)容尤其是“graspthethingbasedonitssizeandshape'"'pickobjectssafelyandwithoutcausingdamage”可知，最新的機(jī)器人的特點(diǎn)是能根據(jù)水果和蔬菜的外部特征去進(jìn)行摘取，故D項(xiàng)正確。15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASenseofTouchforRobotsB.ARoboticHandfoi*ClassifyingFruitsARoboticHandwithaGentleTouchARobotMadeofFlexibleMaterials解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段點(diǎn)明全文主題；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了一種能用適當(dāng)?shù)牧Χ炔烧?、蔬菜的機(jī)械手，故C項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。H.閱讀七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）HowtoprotectyourearsYouandyourfriendsareleavingaconcertonaFridaynight.Whenyougetoutside,yourearsareringing.Youhavetoshouttobeheard.16Sonoharmdone...right?Notquite.Temporarybuzzingmaybeeasytoignore,butrepeatedexposuretoloudnoisewilleventuallycauseserious-andirreversible（不能治愈的）一hearingloss.AnewstudyconductedbyresearchersatBrighamandWomen*sHospitalinBostonshowsthatoneinfivepeoplebetweentheagesofl2and19areexperiencingslighthearingloss,andonein20havemildhearingloss.j/7Butthegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofwaysyoucanprotectyourearsiromfurlherdamage—andsLilllislenlolhemusicyoulove.Askaround.Putyourearbudsinoryourheadphoneson,andthenaskafriendnexttoyouwhetherornotheorshecanhearwhatyou'relisteningto.-lS-TurnitdownBuynoise-cancelingheadphones.Apairofearbudsorheadphonesthatfitscomfortablywilllimitoutsidenoisesothatyoucanhearyourmusicbetteratlowervolume.BuyTakebreaks,19Sowhenlisteningtomusic.takeyourheadphonesoffforl5or20minutesandletyourearsenjoythequiet.20Youcanbuyacheappairatanydrugstoreasaneasywaytolowervolumeatconcerts-orwhileplayingorpracticingyourownmusic—withoutchangingthequalityofthesound.Useearplugs.Keepthevolumebelow70percent.Iftheanswerisyes,yourmusicistooloud.D?Butbymorning,yourhearingistotallybacktonormal.E?Likeeveryotherpartofyourbody,yourearsneedrest.Unfortunately,there^nowaytogetbackhearingyou^ealreadylost.Theexposuretonoiseislouderandlongerthaninanypreviousgeneration.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了幾種保護(hù)耳朵的方法，包括詢問(wèn)身邊的人音樂(lè)的音量、購(gòu)買(mǎi)噪音消除耳機(jī)、定時(shí)休息和使用耳塞。.選D根據(jù)上文可知，某個(gè)周五晚上的音樂(lè)會(huì)讓你耳鳴；結(jié)合空處后一句Sonoharmdone...right?”可知，耳朵似乎并沒(méi)有受到傷害；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故D項(xiàng)“但是到了早上，你的聽(tīng)力完全恢復(fù)正?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。.選F根據(jù)空處后一句可知，但好消息是，有很多方法可以保護(hù)你的耳朵免受進(jìn)一步的傷害，同時(shí)還能繼續(xù)聽(tīng)你喜歡的音樂(lè)。據(jù)此可推知，空處與此句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故F項(xiàng)“不幸的是，你已經(jīng)喪失的聽(tīng)力無(wú)法恢復(fù)”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接上下文。.選C空處上文是說(shuō)當(dāng)你戴上耳塞或耳機(jī)時(shí)，問(wèn)一下你身邊的朋友是否能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你聽(tīng)的東西，再結(jié)合空后一句"Turnitdow