大學(xué)英語單詞總結(jié)

Unitl.UsefulExpressions.驕兵必?cái)?戰(zhàn)無不勝.奮勇抵抗.陰冷凄苦的俄羅斯寒冬.堪稱無敵.向…發(fā)動進(jìn)攻.痛苦的教訓(xùn).速決速勝.讓某人吃驚的是.面臨著一個(gè)重要抉擇.孤注一擲.激戰(zhàn).向…提出停戰(zhàn).等待時(shí)機(jī).成為一場噩夢.拖著腳步行進(jìn).潰不成軍的幸存者.不宣而戰(zhàn).閃電式戰(zhàn)略.“焦土”政策.處境變得危急.食品匱乏.死于饑餓與疾病.食品和補(bǔ)給的匱乏pridecomesbeforeafallnothingcouldstandintheirwayfierceresistancearaw,bitter,bleakRussianwinterbeunequaledlaunchanattackagainst...apainfullessonaquick,decisivevictorytosb.'ssurprisebefacedwithacrucialdecisiontakethegamblefiercebattleofferatrucetobideone'stimeturnintoanightmaredragonthetatteredsurvivorswithoutadeclarationofwarlightningwaruscorchtheearth"thesituationbecomesdesperatefoodrunsoutdiefromhungeranddiseasealackoffoodandsuppliesUnit2UsefulExpressions計(jì)算機(jī)革命制造業(yè)長途司機(jī)被嚴(yán)重低估威脅生命的重大隱患解決問題積極的影響與無線電信號調(diào)諧在任何一個(gè)特定時(shí)間量子理論法則精確的頻率發(fā)出無線電信號換算出導(dǎo)航能力幾乎無限手杖遙控thecomputerrevolutionmanufacturingindustrylong-distancedriverbegrosslyunderestimatedlife-threateninghazardcuretheproblemapositiveimpactbetunedtoradiosignalsatanygiventimethelawsofthequantumtheoryprecisefrequencysendoutaradiosignalbeconvertedintonavigationalcapabilityvirtuallylimitlesswalkingsticksremotecontrol潛在的應(yīng)用 potentialuse/application要求 callfor完全控制 takecompletecontrol of被編成組 bebunchedintogroups一齊行駛 travelinunion對環(huán)保有利 environmentalboon第二單元WordsandExpressionslucrative:ducingmuchmoney;profitable(=Thisisalucrativebusiness.)我們和一家美國公司做大米進(jìn)口的生意，賺了些錢。(=WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.)manufacture:vt.makegoodsonalargescaleusingmachinery*Thisfirmmanufacturescars.在工J制造產(chǎn)品(=tomanufacturegoodsinafactory)invent;makeup*Ybu1lhavetomanufacturesomekindofexcuse.她編了一段謊話來掩蓋事實(shí)。(=Shemanufacturedafalsestorytohidethefacts.)CF:manufacture&make這兩個(gè)詞都是動詞，都有制造之意。manufacture使用范圍較窄，既可指通過使用工業(yè)機(jī)械，亦指粗制濫造以一種機(jī)械的方式創(chuàng)作、制作或完成。例如：*Hisbooksseemtohavebeenmanufacturedratherthancomposed.他的作品像是被機(jī)器加工出的，而不是創(chuàng)作的。make通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造過程。例如：*Hemadeamodelplaneoutofwood.他用木頭做了一架模型飛機(jī)。approximately:adv.moreorlessexactly(=Thecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:45a.m.)approximate:adj.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelyso*Theapproximatenumberofdemonstratorsinfrontofthemunicipalofficebuildingwas900.大概的時(shí)間是三點(diǎn)鐘。(=Theapproximatetimeisthreeo'clock.)eliminate:vt.remove,esp.sb./sth.thatisnotwantedorneeded;getridof*Thepolicehaveeliminatedalltheothersuspects.她已被取消了參加游泳比賽。(=Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingrace.)Pattern:eliminatesth.fromsth.*Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?intheair:intheearth'satmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecided*Thereisastrangesmellintheair.(=Hundredsofbirdssuddenlyroseintheair.)我們的計(jì)劃尚未確定。(=Ourplansarestillintheair.)startup:beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.*Putthekeyintheignitionandturnittostartthecarup.瑪麗發(fā)動引擎，向她的家鄉(xiāng)駛?cè)ァ?=Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.)alert:vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.Pattern:alertsb.tosth.*Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.警察警告我有危險(xiǎn)。(=Thepolicemanalertedmetothedanger.)adj.attentive;watchfulPattern:bealerttodanger*Thesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.CF:alert&attentivealert指思維敏捷而高度集中，注視著可能發(fā)生的事件，尤其是危險(xiǎn)的、恐怖的事件，并迅速做出反應(yīng)。例如：Ahunting-dogmustbealert.獵犬必須很機(jī)警。Theguardswerealerttoanydanger.哨兵警惕著一切危險(xiǎn)的情況。attentive強(qiáng)調(diào)能夠把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。例如：lwishyouwouldbemoreattentivetowhatyourteacherhastoldyou.希望你能多注意老師對你說的話。Hewasabsolutelyattentivetoresearchintothecauseofcancer.彳也專心致志研究癌癥的起因。n.aconditionorperiodofheightenedwatchfulnessorpreparationforactionPattern:onthealert*Thehuntersareonthealertfortotype:n.thefirstmodelordesignofsth.fromwhichotherformsarecopiedordeveloped*prototypeequipment*prototypemachine*prototypemodelNB:proto-前綴，表示“最初的，原始的”例：protocluster原星團(tuán)(cluster叢)protogalaxy原星系(galaxy星系，銀河)protovirus原始病毒(virus病毒)monotonous:adj.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring(=Theteacher*svoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.)我在汽車工廠的工作頗為單調(diào)乏味。(=Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.)hazard:n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorrisk*Therearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.穿越非洲的旅行有許多危險(xiǎn)。(=TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.)Collocation: atallhazards不顧一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；在任何情況下inhazard在危險(xiǎn)中，受到威脅byhazard偶然，碰運(yùn)氣beonthehazard在危險(xiǎn)中vibrate:v.(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake(=Tom'sheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.)*Thehammersstrikethepianostringsandvibratethem.當(dāng)司機(jī)發(fā)動了發(fā)動機(jī)時(shí)，公共汽車顫動著。(=Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.)frequency:n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredoveraparticularperiodoftime*Accidentsarehappeningwithincreasingfrequency.*Thisradiosignalhasafrequencyof800,000cyclespersecond.科學(xué)家正試圖計(jì)算出這個(gè)地區(qū)地震發(fā)生的頻率。(=Thescientistsaretryingtocalculatethefrequencyofearthquakeinthisdistrict.)convert:v.changefromoneformorusetoanotherPattern:convertsth.to/intosth.*1wanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.(=Coalcanbeconvertedtogas.)那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。(=Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.)correlate:vt.haveamutualrelationshiporconnection,inwhichonethingaffectsordependsonanother*Researchworkersfindithardtocorrelatethetwosetsoffigures.*Smokingandlungcancerarecloselycorrelated.Pattern:correlatesth.withsth.*Theyaretryingtofindoutifthesebehaviorpatternscorrelatewithparticularchangesindiet.把理論與實(shí)踐聯(lián)系起來(=correlatethetheorywithpractice)drastically:adv.inadrasticwaydrastic:adj.havingastrongorviolenteffect*Drasticmeasuresareneededtoimprovetheperformanceofthecompany.法國革命帶來劇烈的社會變動。(=TheFrenchRevolutionbroughtaboutdrasticsocialchanges.)application:n.theactionoraninstanceofputtingatheory,discovery,etctopracticaluse*Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明的應(yīng)用將給公司帶來巨大的利潤。(=Theapplicationofthenewinventionwillbringgreatprofitstothecompany.)bepoisedtodo:bereadytotakeactionatanymoment(=ItisreportedthatU.S.forcesarepoisedtoattackIraq.)*Theautomobilecompanyispoisedtolaunchitsnewadvertisingcampaign.mount:v.fix(sth.)inpositionforuse,displayorstudy;put(sth.)intoplaceonasupport*Mountingtheengineinthiswaywasinimprovement.*Shemountedthephotographonthebackofherdiarybook.她把照片裱貼在她的日記本上。magnetic:adj.havingthepropertiesofamagnet(=Theironhaslostitsmagneticforce.)*Cottonisnotmagnetic.havinganunusualpowerorabilitytoattract*Hehasmagneticpersonality.他有吸引人的個(gè)性。takecontrolof:control*Thenewmanagerdidn'tknowhowtotakecontrolofhiscompany.(=Thegovernmenthastakencontrolofallthenewspapers.)bunch:v.grouptogether(bothactiveandpassive)*Thecaptaintoldtheplayersnottobunchtogether.*Thechildrenwereallbunchedtogetherinthecorneroftheroom.我們聚在火爐周圍取暖。(=Webunchedaroundthefireforwarmth.)n.agroupofitemsorindividualsgatheredorplacedtogetherabunchofgrapesabunchofkeysabunchofflowersincorporate:vt.make(sth.)partofawhole*Hisnewlypublishedbookincorporateshisearlieressay.他成為該大學(xué)的一員。(=Hewasincorporatedamemberofthecollege.)我們將把你的建議編到新計(jì)劃中去。(=Wewillincorporateyoursuggestioninthenewplan.)decrease:v.becomeormakesth.smallerorfewer(=Theyaremakingfurthereffortstodecreasemilitaryspending.)今年在校的兒童人數(shù)減少了。(=Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.)Opposite:increaseCF:decrease,reduce&lessen這幾個(gè)詞都是動詞，都有“減少”之意。decrease一詞使用廣泛，特指數(shù)量的減少。例如：*Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsdecreasedlastyear.去年交通事故的數(shù)量減少了。*Waterconsumptionhadtodecreasetoavoidadrought.水的消費(fèi)量必須減少，以避免水荒。reduce詞義很廣。既可指大小、數(shù)量、范圍或程度的縮小，也可指等級、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的下降。例如：*Theyreducedthesizeoftheapparatusbytwo-thirds.他們把該裝置的體積縮小了三分之二。*Thishasgreatlyreducedthethreatpresentedbytyphoons.這大大減少了臺風(fēng)造成的威脅。(插入圖片reduce)lessen是比較正式的用詞，用于客觀地表示程度、價(jià)值或數(shù)量的減少，而不帶任何偏見。例如：*Productioninthetextileindustryhasalsolessenedsharply.紡織工業(yè)的產(chǎn)量也已急劇下降。*Thevalueofmoneylessensduringinflation.通貨膨脹時(shí)貨幣貶值。24.(L.80)expansion:n.theprocessofbecominggreaterinsize,extentorimportance*Underheat,themetalundergoesconsiderableexpansion.*Hisbookisanexpansionoftheplayhewrotebefore.這些是擴(kuò)大我們學(xué)校建筑的計(jì)劃。(=Theseareplansfortheexpansionofourschoolbuilding.)第三單元WordsandExpressions:interview:n.ameetingwhereapersonisaskedquestionstodecidewhetherhecantakeupajob*Whenshewasstillatschool,shehadherfirstinterview,forapart-timejobinarestaurant.ameetingwhereapersonisaskedquestionstofindouthis/heractions,opinions,etc.*Thefilmstaragreedwillinglytogiveaninterviewimmediatelyafterhiswedding.v.holdaninterviewwith(someone)*他正在接受一地方電視臺對他關(guān)于失業(yè)率的采訪。(=HewasbeinginterviewedbyalocalTVstationabouttherateofunemployment.)question(someone)todiscovertheiropinionsorexperience在一次調(diào)查研究中，被調(diào)查的女性中超過一半的人都討厭“家庭婦女”這一稱呼。(=lnasurveymorethanhalfthewomeninterviewedhatedthelabel'housewife9)grill:vt.cookunderoroverdirectheat*Wecouldgrillthechopsonthebarbecue.(infml)questionintenselyandseverely(esp.ofthepolice)他被拷問了三小時(shí)后，警察才讓他走。(=Hewasgrilledfortwohoursbeforethepolicelethimgo.)Theseniordetectivegrilledtheyoungsuspectabouttherobberycase.followup:takeadditionstepstofurther(apreviousaction)讓我們擔(dān)心的是恐怖分子在威脅之后會進(jìn)行炸彈攻擊。(=Weareworriedthatterroristswillfollowuptheirthreatswithbombattacks.)(插入圖像bomb)Ifyoumakeahotelbookingbyphone,followitupwithwrittenconfirmation.Collocation:asfollows如下*Theresultwereasfollows.tofollow下一個(gè)*111havefish,withfruittofollow.inone'shands:inone'spossession*我的律師有了所有相關(guān)的證據(jù)。(=AIItherelevantfactsareinmysolicitor'shands.)*Hisfather'scompanyhasbeeninhishandsformanyspective:adj.expected;probable;intended*Thechieffunctionofdirect-mailadvertisingistofamiliarizeprospectivebuyerswithaproduct.*這個(gè)世界聞名的大學(xué)收到近200名學(xué)生的申請表。(=Thisuniversityofworldfamehadapplicationsfromnearly200prospectivestudents.)asIseeit:inmyopinion?在我看來，這些錢足夠他在國外生活一年了。(=AsIseeit,themoneyissufficientforseeinghimthroughayearabroad.)*AsIseeit,thispressconferenceisthemostsuccessfulonewehaveeverhad.Collocation:seeabout安排；采取行動seeout送出門，送到門口seeto負(fù)責(zé)，照料It'stimeformetoseeaboutcookingdinner.111seeyouout.IfIcooklunch,willyouseetothechildren?(as)thesayinggoes:usedtointroduceaparticularphrasethatpeopleoftensayAsanoldEnglishsayinggoes,Mlfyouwanttoliveandthrive,letaspiderrunalive!"正如諺語所說，“無風(fēng)不起浪二(=Asthesayinggoes,MThere'snosmokewithoutfire.”)(L.29)apply:v.requestsomething,esp.inwritingAnyonewhohasacollegedegreecanapplyforthejob.WithadmissioncriteriarankingamongthemostselectiveintheUnitedStates,Harvardacceptedlessthan20percentoffallwhoapplied.bringorputintouse*Applyasmuchforceasisnecessary.(=需要用多少力量就用多少。)tohaveaneffect;bedirectlyrelated*這項(xiàng)規(guī)則不適用。(=Thisregulationdoesn'tapply.)endeavor:vt.(fml)tryYoumustendeavortoimproveyourwork.這個(gè)跨國公司一直盡力在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)處理顧客的投訴。(=Themultinationalcompanyalwaysendeavorstodealwithclients'complaintsaspromptlyaspossible.)Thegovernmenthasendeavoredtoforbidtheemploymentofchildrenundertheageof16.n.effort*她盡可能地幫助我們。(=Shemadeeveryendeavortohelpus.)?TheclimbingofMountQomolangmawasanoutstandingexampleofhumanendeavor.CF:endeavor,try&attempt這三個(gè)詞都可作動詞，有“嘗試”，“企圖”，“努力”之意。endeavor:意思是“努力”，“盡力”，無“嘗試”之意，指為完成某事需付出的巨大努力，是書面語。例如：Galileoendeavoredtoprovethattheearthrotatesaroundthesun.伽利略盡力證明地球是繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。try:意思是“嘗試”，“打算”，比“endeavor”意思輕，指多次企圖去做某事。例如：shetriedthelittlegoldenkeyinthelock.她試著用那把小小的金鑰匙開那把鎖。attempt:意思是“嘗試”，“努力”，“試圖(做某事)。側(cè)重有某種動機(jī)并開始做，常有冒險(xiǎn)性和失敗的可能性，多用作書面語。例如：TheswimmerattemptedtocrosstheEnglishChannelbutfailed.那個(gè)游泳選手試圖橫渡英吉利海峽，但沒有成功。employment:n.aperson'stradeorprofession*Thestudents,whoareapproachingtheschool-leavingage,endeavortolookforemployment.(=快要畢業(yè)的學(xué)生都盡力找工作。)theconditionofhavingpaidwork*Theeconomicdepressioncausedafallinthenumbersinfull-timeemployment.*未受過高等教育的人在就業(yè)問題上常遇到阻礙。(=Peoplewithouthigheducationoftenfacebarriersinemployment.)doone'shomework:makepreparationsbeforehand*Hehadevidentlydonehishomeworkandreadhispredecessor'sreports.在演講之前，他做了充分的準(zhǔn)備工作。(=Hehaddonehishomeworkbeforehedeliveredthespeech.)goafter:tryhardtoobtain;chase*在英語演講比賽中，他去爭取得獎。(=HewentafteraprizeintheEnglishspeechcontest.)?你會不會去這個(gè)公司找工作？(=Areyouplanningtogoafterapositioninthiscompany?)Collocation:goabout從事goagainst違背；對 不利goahead開始Thecasemay(=goagainst)you.Thecouncilgaveuspermissionto(=goahead)withourbuildingplans.Howdoyou(=goabout)repairingthisclock?incidentally:bytheway*Ireallygottogonow.Incidentally,don'tforgettopayavisittoyourmothertomorrow.Sheisexpectingyou.chuckle:laughquietly?看到她的驚訝，我輕輕一笑。(插入圖像Chuckle)(=Ichuckledattheastonishmentonherface.)*“That'sabitheavy,isn'tit?"hechuckled.rank:n.apositioninthehierarchyofthearmedforceorsociety*HewasatlastpromotedtotherankofCaptain.?社會各階層的人都很關(guān)心這個(gè)案件。(=Peopleofallranksareveryattentivetothiscase.)v.beorput(inacertainclass)*ThistownrankshighamongNewEnglandbeautyspots.(=這座城鎮(zhèn)在新英格蘭風(fēng)景區(qū)中名列前茅。)(插入圖像NewEngland)physical:adj.oforconcerningthebody*人類在膚色、眼睛顏色、體型及其它身體特征上都有所不同。(=Humanpopulationsdifferintheirskincolor,eyecolor,shapeandotherphysicalcharacteristics.)*Regularexerciseenhancespeople'ssenseofmentalwellbeingalongwiththegeneralphysicalhealth.oforaccordingtothelawsofnatureIsthereaphysicalexplanationforthesestrangehappenings?仁對這些怪現(xiàn)象有科學(xué)上的解釋嗎？)Itisaphysicalimpossibilitytobeintwoplacesatonce.structure:n.thewayinwhichpartsareformedintoawhole*Morphologyisconcernedwiththestructureofwords,syntaxwiththestructureofphrasesandsentences.*不同的社會有不同的家庭構(gòu)造。(=Thestructureofthefamilyvariesfromsocietytosociety.)2.n.anythingformedofmanyparts,esp.abuilding*Thehousewasahandsomefour-storybrickstructure.(in)adequate:adj.enoughforthepurpose,andnomore*Thecity'swatersupplyisnolongeradequate.havingthenecessaryabilityorqualities*我希望他能勝任這分工作。(=Ihopehewillbeadequatetothejob.)CF:adequate,ample&sufficientadequate:意為“剛好夠或合適”，著重指在數(shù)量或質(zhì)量上合適某種情場合，或符合一個(gè)客觀要求，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。例如：Thebookisadequatefortheuseofbeginners.這本書適合初學(xué)者使用。Mysalaryisnotadequatetosupportmyfamily.我的薪水不足以養(yǎng)家。ample:指不單能達(dá)到應(yīng)有的程度或能滿足需要的程度，而且充足有余。例如：Thereisabundantlyamplefoodforall.有豐裕的食物供大家吃。Sufficient:通常用來表示數(shù)量之多能滿足或達(dá)到某種特殊的需求和目的。例如：Haveyoumadesufficientinvestigationinthiscase?這個(gè)案件你作過充分的調(diào)查了嗎？Hehassufficientknowledgeandexperienceforthework.他具備足夠的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)付這件工作。deadline:n.atimelimitbywhichsomethingmustbedone*Tomorrowisthedeadlineforthestudentstohandintheirtermpaper.*由于種種原因，她錯過了交稅的最后期限。(=Foronereasonoranother,shemissedthedeadlineforincometaxtobehandedin.)makeadifference:changethesituationoroutlook;haveaneffect*在異國旅行會不會講該國語言大不相同。(=Speakingthelanguagemakesalotofdifferencewhenyoutraveltoanothercountry.)*你干什么對我沒有絲毫影響。(=ltdoesn'tmaketheleastdifferencetomewhatyouaredoing.)Collocation:makeallthedifference大不相同settleadifference消除分歧blurt:v.say(somethingwhichshouldnotbesaid)suddenlyandwithoutthing?他沒有考慮后果就脫口說出了那消息。(=Heblurtedoutthenewsbeforeheconsidereditseffect.)*Assoonastheteacherputforwardthequestion,heblurtedtheanswerout.pry:vt.forcesth.openorawayfromasurface*Canyouhelpmeprythecoveroffthiswoodenboxwithoutbreakingit?仁你能不能幫我不打破這個(gè)木箱蓋而撬開它？)(插入圖像pry)*Hercartrunkhadbeenpriedopenandallherequipmentwasgone.vi.lookorinquirecloselyandcuriouslyDon'tpryintotheaffairsofothers.Collocation:pryabout到處窺探pryinto窺探，打聽21.(L.95)odds:(pl.)theprobabilitythatsomethingwillorwillnothappen*她的馬只有10%的可能性會贏。(=Theoddsare10to1thatherhorsewillnotwintherace.)*Theoddsarethathewillfailhisexam.Collocation:atoddswith與…不一致oddsandends零碎的事情intheneighborhoodof:aboutHehasanannualsalaryintheneighborhoodof$50,000.Iamhopingtobuyanapartmentintheneighborhoodof$12,000.beyondanyone's/one'swildestdreams:morethananyone/onecaneverimagine?在10年前，我做夢也沒想到今天我會擁有自己的汽車。(插入圖像car)(=TenyearsagoitwasbeyondmywildestdreamsthatIcouldaffordacar.)*Scientistshavemadeaninventionwhichistochangeourlivesbeyondourwildestdreams.sparkle:toshineinsmallflashesThediamondringsparkledinthesunlight.Thestonesparkleswhenproperlycut.CF:gleam,flicker,shimmer&sparklegleam:指通過模糊的媒介或在黑暗的背景上所看到穩(wěn)定的光。例如：Afewscatteredbarsoflightgleamedintherainthroughthecottagewindows.在雨中，幾道分散的光柱透過農(nóng)舍的窗戶照射出來。

Flicker:表示分散的或不規(guī)則的閃動，多用于來形容火光。例如：Thelogsflickeredinthegrate.（插入圖像flicker）木材在壁爐中燃燒發(fā)光。shimmer:指水面在亮光的映照之下所發(fā)出柔和的光。例如：Velvetcurtainswithgoldembroideryshimmered.（插入圖像shimmer）天鵝絨窗簾的金絲刺繡熠熠生輝。sparkle:指吸收物體反射出來的不穩(wěn)定，但明亮的光。有時(shí)可以glitter和互換。例如：Thesunsparkleswetgrass.（插入圖像sparkle）草葉卜.的露水在陽光下閃閃發(fā)光:AfterReadingUsefulExpressions1.模擬面試mockinterview2.采取進(jìn)一步行動followup3.在某人手中，為某人所擁有insb'shands4.親手送交的hand-delivered5.可能的客戶prospectivecustomers6.在我看來asIseeit7.俗話說(as)thesayinggoes8.極有可能theoddsaregoodthat9.一生中僅有一次的經(jīng)歷aonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience10.事先做好準(zhǔn)備doone'shomework11.努力爭取，追求goafter12.交換場地switchsides13.發(fā)揚(yáng)長處developone'sstrengths14.嘗試take/haveacrack(at)15.奇跡中的奇跡miracleofmiracles16.實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)accomplishyourgoals17.改變現(xiàn)狀或觀點(diǎn)；產(chǎn)生影響makeadifference18.大約intheneighborhoodof19.做夢也想不到的beyondone's/anyone'swildestdreams20.從……的觀點(diǎn)來看fromone^/thestandpoint(of)第四單元WordsandExpressionsglobalization:n.freeflowsofcapital,labor,technology,andpersonalcontactacrossnationalbordersSomeseethespreadofEnglishasaninternationallanguageasjustanotherconsequenceofglobalization.(=Thankstoglobalization,theburgeryoubuyinMoscowisexactlythesameastheoneyoubuyinNewYork.)sweepaside:clearawayorgetridofsuddenlyorforcefully;refusetopayattentiontosth./sb.saysAnyway,bythenshewassurethatJuliuswouldsimplyhavesweptanycurbsaside.他們對所有的反對意見不予理睬。(=Theysweptalltheobjectionsaside.)Pattern:sweepaway 掃清，迅速消滅sweepout 掃掉；清除sweepover 眺望，環(huán)視sweepup 打掃干凈，收拾干凈strengthen:vt.becomestrongerormakesth.strongerWemuststrengthentheweaklinks.(=ThePresident'sfirstprioritywastostrengthentheeconomy.)asset:n.(usu.pl)moneyorpropertythatapersonorcompanyowns*Copyrights,patents,trademarks,brandnames,andtradesecretsareallpartofacompany'sintangibleassets.目前，他們的資產(chǎn)有623萬美元。(=Currently,theyhave$6,230,000inassets.)anadvantageoraresource*Themostpowerfulassetwehaveisourskilled,dedicatedworkforce.(=Asenseofhumorisanimportantassetforanyteacher.)Collocation:capital/fixedassets 資本/固定資產(chǎn)cashassets 現(xiàn)金資產(chǎn)liquid/circulating/currentassets 流動資產(chǎn)netassets 凈資產(chǎn)makeno/littledifference:haveno/littleeffect(on),beofno/littleimportance(to)*Thatdoesnotmeanitmakesnodifferencetosocialwelfarewhichruleswesettleupon.姚明的缺席似乎對休斯頓火箭隊(duì)沒有太大的影響。(=TheabsenceofYaoMingseemedtomakelittledifferencetotheperformanceoftheHoustonRockets.)identify...as:recognizeandcorrectlynamesomeoneorsth.*HisaccentidentifiedhimasaFrenchman.(=Thepolicemanidentifiedhimasthethief.)elite:n.agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills*Onlyasmallelitecanaffordtosendtheirchildrentothisschool.這些人構(gòu)成了有決定權(quán)的精英集團(tuán)。(=Thesepeopleformanelitewhohavethepowertomakedecisions.)Collocation:political/social/economicelite 政治/社會/經(jīng)濟(jì)精英ahandfulof:averysmallnumberofpeopleorthings:*Thatplacewasoflittleinterest.Ionlytookahandfulofpictures.(=Whatcountsishavingahandfulofyoungthatareexceptional.)earnest:adj.markedbyorshowingdeepsincerityorseriousness*FriendsdescribedJacksonasanearnest,hard-workingyoungman.你可以笑，但我絕對是認(rèn)真的。(=YoumaylaughbutTmindeadlyearnest.)Collocation:inearnest 鄭重地；嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真CF:earnest,serious,severe這三個(gè)形容詞均有“嚴(yán)肅的”之意。earnest指嚴(yán)肅，認(rèn)真，含誠懇和熱情意味。例如：*Icouldtellshewasspeakinginearnest.我看得出來她的話是當(dāng)真的。serious指具有關(guān)鍵、嚴(yán)肅或嚴(yán)重意義的事情。例如：*Wegiveseriousconsiderationtosafetyrecommendations.我們認(rèn)真考慮安全建議。severe 指面孔的嚴(yán)肅，法律的嚴(yán)厲，傷病的嚴(yán)重。著重嚴(yán)厲性，無絲毫溫情。例如：*Manypeoplefeelthepunishmentshouldhavebeenmoresevere.許多人認(rèn)為懲罰本應(yīng)該更加嚴(yán)厲些。considerable:adj.fairlylarge,especiallylargeenoughtohaveaneffectorbeimportant*Attractingtouriststotheareaisgoingtotakeconsiderableeffort.(=Aconsiderableamountofresearchwasdoneherebyoursciencedepartment.)interconnect:vi.connecttoorwitheachotherOuroperatingsystemcannowinterconnectwithothernetworks.人們的生活是如何互相聯(lián)系在一起的，真是不可思議。(=lt,sstrangehowpeople'slivesinterconnect.)advantageous:adj.helpfulandlikelytomakeyousuccessfulManybuscompaniesprovideadvantageousfareticketsespeciallyfortourists.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)等幾周再作答復(fù)是很有好處的。(=Ydumayfinditadvantageoustowaitafewweeksbeforereplying.)NB:"advantageous1,的名詞形式為“advantage”。與其搭配常用的短語是："havetheadvantageof”“有優(yōu)勢”；“takeadvantageof”“(以不正當(dāng)手段)利用：占便宜”entitle:vt.giveatitleto給…題名，給…取名*ShewasreadingapoementitledAuguriesofInnocence.(=HeentitledthebookTheSecretGarden.)givesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesth.*Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.他們有資格享有許多優(yōu)惠和特權(quán)。(=Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.)Pattern:beentitled 叫做，稱為beentitledto(do)sth.對…享有權(quán)利/有資格vanish:vi.disappearsuddenly,especiallyinawaythatcannotbeeasilyexplained*Mykeyswerehereaminuteagobutnowthey'vevanished.(=Theplanevanishedfromradarscreenssoonaftertakingoff.)CF:vanish,disappear,evaporate這三個(gè)動詞均有“消失”之意。vanish 語氣強(qiáng)，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛絲馬跡。disappear普通用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)從視線或腦海中消失。這消失可能是暫時(shí)的、突然的或永久的，視上下文而定。ev叩orate 指像水蒸發(fā)時(shí)那樣悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或離去。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.Drugswon'tmakethepainaltogether,buttheywillhelp.(=disappear)Allhopesoffindingtheboyalivehave.(=vanished)Hopesofachievingpeacearebeginningto.(=evaporate)Beforeshecouldscream,themanhadintothenight.(=vanished)13year-oldNicolafromherhomeonSaturdaynight.(=disappeared)Theythenfanthewatersothatitandindoingsolowersthetemperature.(=evaporates)Bythetimeofthetrial,thetapehadmysteriously.(=disappeared)facilitate:vt.makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen*Bothcentersareelectronicallylinkedtofacilitatecommunication.學(xué)校都建在同一校區(qū)內(nèi)，以便資源共享。(=Schoolswerelocatedinthesamecampustofacilitatethesharingofresources.)16.(Para.4)atoddswith:inconflictwith;disagreeingorquarrellingwith*Thegovernmentdecisiontoraisetaxeswasatoddswiththeirpoliciesoninflation.(=Briggsfoundhimselfatoddswithhiscolleagues.)Collocation:atodds 矛盾；不一致

itmakesnooddstakeoddsoddsandendsitmakesnooddstakeoddsoddsandends沒有關(guān)系，無關(guān)緊要占優(yōu)勢小事；不要緊的東西becommittedto:promisetodo(sth.);bedevotedto*Alotofmoneyhasbeencommittedtothisproject.中國承諾發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)。(=Chinaiscommittedtopursuingalowcarboneconomy.)endorse:vt.expressformalsupportorapprovalforsomeoneorsth.*ThePrimeMinisterisunlikelytoendorsethisview.(=1fullyendorsethemeasurestakentoimprovesafetystandards.)Collocation:endorseaproposal/anidea/acandidate 贊成提議/想法/候選人endorseacheque 背書支票erase:vt.getridofsth.sothatithasgonecompletelyandnolongerexists*Theirdreamistoerasepovertyandinjusticefromtheworld.沒有什么東西可以使他忘記那件事。(=Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.)CF：erase,delete這兩個(gè)動詞都有“去掉，抹去”之意。erase指“把寫的或畫的痕跡擦去或刮掉、用于比喻意義時(shí)，指“從記憶中抹去”，例如：Heerasedthewronganswerandwroteintherightone.他擦去了錯誤答案，寫上了正確答案。又如：Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.沒有什么東西可以使他忘記那件事。delete指“去掉、擦掉(字跡等)”、“勾掉、刪掉(字句等)”，例如：Ifyoudeleteseveralwords,wecanputthewholestoryononepage.如果你刪去幾個(gè)字，我們可把整個(gè)故事寫在一頁上。accelerate:v.(causeto)movefasterorhappenearlier*MrHenleyhasacceleratedhissaleofsharesoverthepastyear.選手們跑過彎道時(shí)平穩(wěn)地加速。(=Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.)forefront:n.theforemostpartorarea*Thecompanyhasalwaysbeenattheforefrontofscienceandtechnology.(=Companiescompetetostayattheforefrontofresearchanddevelopment.)Pattern：at/in/totheforefront(ofsth)位于最前列；成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量keepsb/sthat/in/to 使…保持在最前列comeinto/to 躍居最前列witness:vt.bepresentandsee*Thecrashwaswitnessedbyscoresofholidayweekendersalongthebeach.20世紀(jì)80年代，電子傳媒得到了空前的發(fā)展。(=The1980switnessedanunprecedentedincreaseinthescopeoftheelectronicmedia.)n.someonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentandcandescribewhathappened*Policehaveappealedforwitnessestocomeforward.(=Thewitnesswasaskedtoidentifythedefendantinthecourtroom.)beatapathto/beatdownsb'sdoor:ifpeoplebeatapathtoyourdoor,theyareinterestedinsth.youareselling,aserviceyouareprovidingetc.Thenewdesignwassupposedtohaveconsumersbeatingapathtotheirdoor.現(xiàn)在她已經(jīng)成名，她家門庭若市。(=Nowthatshehasbecomefamous,allsortsofpeoplewillbebeatingapathtoherdoor.)Pattern:beatapathto/beatdownsb'sdoor 門庭若市beatabigdrumfor/about 為…鼓吹;;為…大肆宣傳beatabargain 還價(jià)成交remarkable:adj.unusualorsurprisingandthereforedeservingattentionorpraiseClarkdidaremarkablejobsettingthingsupforthemeeting.(=Shehasmaderemarkableprogress.)CF:remarkable,outstanding,striking這三個(gè)形容詞均有“顯著的，引人注意的”之意。remarkable通常指因有與眾不同的特點(diǎn)或優(yōu)越性而引起人們注意或稱道。outstanding通常指與同行或同類的人相比顯得優(yōu)秀或杰出，或具有他人或別的事物所沒有的特征。striking 強(qiáng)調(diào)能給觀察者產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈而深刻印象。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.Fromtheoutside,themostaspectofthebuildingisitstall,slendertower.(=striking)It'saachievementforthecompany.(=remarkable)Thelowestranksofsocietyshowedthemostandsignificantcontrasts.(=striking)Withhermassofblackhairandpaleskinshelookedvery.(=striking)Thebookisaseriesofinterviewswithartistsandwriters.(=outstanding)Hisdrawingsarefortheiraccuracy.(=remarkable)Shewouldcreatesomethingspecial,somethingforher.(=outstanding)landmark:n.sth.thatiseasytorecognize,suchasatalltreeorbuilding,andthat

helpsyouknowwhereyouare*TheWashingtonMonumentisapop