屆高考英語(yǔ)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解《附詳析》

2022屆高考英語(yǔ)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解（1-5）《附詳析》閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(第1篇)Youknowhowwonderfulyouare,andyouknowthatothersknowhowwonderfulyouare,butwhatdoyoudowhenadmirationcrossesoverthelineintojealousy?Formostteenstherewillcomeadaywhenyourealizethatoneofyourfriendsisjealousandthatthisjealousyishurtingyourfriendship.Whenthishappensitcanseemlikethereisnothingthatyoucando,butthegoodnewsisthatthereis.Don’tletjealousyspoilyourrelationships.Tackleitheadonandyoumightbebacktonormalmuchsoonerthanyouthink.Itcanbehardtowalkuptoafriendandaskthemwhattheproblemis,butifyouwanttosaveyourfriendshipyou’llhavetodojustthat.Don’tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou(unlessofcourseyouwanttoappeartotallyconceited),justtakesometimealonewiththemandletthemknowthatyou’vebeenfeelinglikethere’sbeensomethingcomingbetweenyou.Iftheyrefusetorespond,thenusetheopportunitytoexplainhowyouhavebeenfeeling.Chancesarethatsomethingyousaywillstrikeanerveandyourfriendwillopenupaswell.Whenyoufigureoutwhatisannoyingyourfriend,askhimorherwhat(s)hethinkswouldmakethesituationbetter.If,forexample,(s)hesaysthat(s)hefeelslike(s)hedoesn’tgettospendanytimewithyoubecauseofyourbeingoffwithyournewfriendsfromteeswimteamthenmaybeyoucouldinviteheralongthenexttimeorblockoffonedayaweekforjustthetwoofyou.Remember,though,thatwhateversolutionyoudecideonshouldbeacompromise.Don’tlimityourowntalentsoropportunitiessimplybecauseyourfriendisunhappy.Tryinsteadtoincludehimorherinyournewlifeandseehowthatworksout.Eventhebestoffriendshipscanbetingedbyjealousy.Thisdestructiveemotionisrarelyproductiveandcanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.Beforetakingextremeaction,chatwithyourjealousfriendtoseeifthetwoofyoucanworkoutayoucan’t,bepreparedtoknowexactlyhowfaryouwillgotokeepyourfriendandhowfaryouwon’t.解讀：本文是關(guān)于人際關(guān)系的話題。尤其是青少年朋友之間會(huì)因?yàn)榧刀识瓜嗷ラg的友誼被破壞，本文著重講述如何處理被朋友嫉妒及處理過(guò)程中可能遇到的困難。1.Accordingtotheauthor,thejealousyemotionis________.A.normal B.productiveC.destructive D.extreme[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由第一段第二句．..thatthisjealousyishurting，yourfriendship.可知。[答案]C2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytoconfrontyourfriendwhenjealousyhappens?A.Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhyhe/sheisjealousofyou.B.Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhattheproblemis.C.Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowhowyoufeel.D.Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowyouthinkthere’ssomethingbetweenyou.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句Don’tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou可知。[答案]A3.Theunderlined“it”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.friendship B.relationshipC.admiration D.jealousy[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段可知。[答案]D4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.There’salwaysasolutiontosolvetheproblemofjealousy.B.Jealousycanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.C.Youmayloseafriendtokeepyourowngifts,chancesorselfdevelopment.D.Youshouldgoalongwaywithyourfriendtoworkoutasolution[解析]推理判斷題。[答案]C5.Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A.toexplainwhatcausesjealousyB.tooffersomeadviceonmakingfriendsC.tointroducethewaytocopewithajealousfriendD.toexplainhowdestructivethejealousemotionis[解析]作者意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文酌寫(xiě)作目的是介紹處理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。[答案]C(第2篇)DoAmericanchildrenstilllearnhandwritinginschool?Intheageofthekeyboard,somepeopleseemtothinkhandwritinglessonsareonthewayout.90%ofteacherssaytheyarerequiredtoteachstudieshaveyettoanswerthequestionofhowwelltheyareteachingit.Onestudypublishedthisyearfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting.Someteachersareteachinghandwritingbyprovidinginstructionfor1015minutesaday,andthenotherteacherswhobasicallyteachitfor60to70minutesaday—whichreallyforhandwritingisprettymuch.Manyadultsrememberlearningthatway—bycopyinglettersoverandoveragain.Today’sthinkingisthatshortperiodsofpracticearebetter.Manyexpertsalsothinkhandwritingshouldnotbetaughtby,theysayitshouldbeusedasawaytogetstudentstoexpressideas.Afterall,thatiswhywewrite.Handwritinginvolvestwoskills.Oneislegibility,_whichmeansformingtheletterssotheycanberead.Theotherisfluency—writingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit.Fluencycontinuestodevelopupuntilhighschool.Butnoteveryonemasterstheseskills.Teacherscommonlyreportthataboutonefourthoftheirkidshavepoorhandwriting.Somepeoplemightthinkhandwritingisnotimportantanymorebecauseofcomputersandvoicerecognitionprograms.ButSteveGrahamatVanderbiltsayswordprocessingisrarelydoneinelementaryschool,especiallyintheearlyyears.Americanchildrentraditionallyfirstlearntoprint,andthentowriteincursive,whichconnectstheletters.ButguesswhatwelearnedfromaspokeswomanfortheCollegeBoard,whichadministerstheSATcollegeadmissiontest.Morethan75percentofstudentschoosetoprinttheiressayonthetestratherthanwriteincursive.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]文章介紹了在鍵盤(pán)普及的年代美國(guó)的書(shū)法教學(xué)情況。1．Wecanlearn________fromParagraph1.A.teachinghandwritingisabasicrequirementinteachingjobB.mostteachersprefertoteachhandwritingC.teachersspendlittletimeinteachinghandwritingD.akeyboardhastakentheplaceofthehandwritingentirely[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“90%ofteacherssaytheyarerequiredtoteachhandwriting”可知書(shū)法教學(xué)是基本的教學(xué)要求，A項(xiàng)為正確推論。根據(jù)“Onestudypublishedthisyearfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting”可知，很多老師不愿意教書(shū)法課，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段末句可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)全段判斷，只是說(shuō)鍵盤(pán)普及使一些人認(rèn)為書(shū)法漸漸過(guò)時(shí)了，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。[答案]A2．WhichofthefollowingisWRONGfortraditionalhandwritingintheUSA?A.Thestudentsaretaughtbypracticingalongperiod.B.Thelettersarerepeatedmanytimes.C.Handwritingincludestwoskills.D.Towriteincursiveistaughtfirst.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)定題。根據(jù)第二段可知，傳統(tǒng)的書(shū)法教學(xué)重復(fù)很多遍并且持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，因此A、B兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確；根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤。[答案]D3．Theunderlinedword“l(fā)egibility”inParagraph3means________.A.easytoread B.complexC.unexpected D.unreadable[解析]推測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)下文“whichmeansformingtheletterssotheycanberead”可推測(cè)畫(huà)線詞的意思是“清楚，易讀”。[答案]A4．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.A.HowtoimprovehandwritinginschoolB.Rightorwrong:thedeathofhandwritingC.HandwritinginvolvestwoskillsD.Handwritinglessonsareonthewayout[解析]標(biāo)題歸納題。作者對(duì)美國(guó)書(shū)法教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀作了敘述，沒(méi)有自己的主觀評(píng)論，故選擇B。A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有涉及，C項(xiàng)只是其中一部分內(nèi)容，D項(xiàng)只是一部分人的觀點(diǎn)。[答案]B5．Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhetherstilltolearnhandwritinginschoolis________.A.negative B.objectiveC.critical D.optimistic[解析]態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)全文的敘述，作者只是將美國(guó)書(shū)法教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀和不同人的觀點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并沒(méi)有發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解，因此作者持客觀的態(tài)度。[答案]B[長(zhǎng)難句解讀]Onestudypublishedthisyearfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting.今年公布的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約每四個(gè)教師中就有三個(gè)說(shuō)他們不準(zhǔn)備教書(shū)法了。publishedthisyear為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，found后面為賓語(yǔ)從句，其中又含有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句theyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting。(第3篇)ASouthamptonUniversityteamfoundthatpeoplewhowerevegetariansby30hadrecordedfiveIQpointshigheronaverageattheageof10.ResearcherssaiditcouldexplainwhypeoplewithahigherIQwerehealthierasavegetariandietwaslinkedtolowerheartdiseaseandobesityrates.Thestudyof8,179peoplewasreportedintheBritishMedicalTwentyyearsaftertheIQtestswerecarriedoutin1970,366oftheparticipantssaidtheywerevegetarians—althoughmorethan100reportedeatingeitherfishorchicken.MenwhowerevegetarianshadanIQscoreof106,comparedwith101fornon-vegetarians;whilefemalevegetariansaveraged104,comparedwith99fornon-vegetarians.TherewasnodifferenceintheIQscores,betweenstrictvegetariansandthosewhosaidtheywerevegetariansbutreportedeatingfishorchicken.Researcherssaidthefindingswerepartlyrelatedtobettereducationandhigherclass,butitremainedstatisticallysignificantafteradjustingforthesefactors.Vegetariansweremorelikelytobefemale,tobeofhighersocialclassandtohavehigheracademicorvocationalqualificationsthannon-vegetarians.However,thesedifferenceswerenotreflectedintheirannualincome,whichwassimilartothatofnon-vegetarians.LeadresearcherCatharineGalesaid,“Thefindingsthatchildrenwithgreaterintelligencearemorelikelytoreportbeingvegetariansasadults,togetherwiththeevidenceonthepotentialbenefitsofavegetariandietonhearthealth,mayhelptoexplainwhyahigherIQinchildhoodoradolescenceislinkedwithareducedriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseinadultlife.ButDrFrankiePhillipsoftheBritishDieteticAssociationsaid，“It_is_like_the_chicken_and_egg.DopeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyhaveaveryhighIQorisitjustthattheyarecleverenoughtobemoreawareofhealthissues？”[語(yǔ)篇解讀]研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的關(guān)系。1．What’stheresultoftheresearchmentionedinthetext?A.Intelligentchildrenaremorelikelytobecomevegetarianslaterinlife.B.ChildrenwithahigherIQarelesslikelytohaveheartdiseaselaterinlife.C.Intelligentchildrentendtobelongtohighersocialclasslaterinlife.D.ChildrenwithahealthierhearttendtohaveahigherIQlaterinlife.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“peoplewhowerevegetariansby30hadrecordedfiveIQpointshigheronaverageattheageof10”可知A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)“itcouldexplainwhy...”可知這一結(jié)果可幫助解釋B項(xiàng)中的現(xiàn)象，但B項(xiàng)并非這次研究的結(jié)果。故本題選A。[答案]A2．Itwasfoundintheresearchthat________.A.mostoftheparticipantsbecamevegetarians20yearsaftertheIQtestswerecarriedoutB.vegetarianswhoatefishorchickenwereofsimilarintelligencewithstrictvegetariansC.femalevegetariansweremorelikelytohavehigherannualincomethannon-vegetariansD.vegetariansweremorelikelytohavehigherannualincomethannon-vegetarians[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TherewasnodifferenceintheIQscoresbetweenstrictvegetariansandthosewhosaidtheywerevegetariansbutreportedeatingfishorchicken”可知答案。[答案]B3．CatharineGaletalkedabout“beingvegetarians”ina(n)________way.A.doubtful B.favorableC.negative D.objective[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知CatharineGale只是客觀地講述研究結(jié)果，并沒(méi)有表示自己的立場(chǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。[答案]D4．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Intelligenceislinkedtonotjustbeingavegetarianbuttomanyfactors.B.Therateofgettingheartdiseaseislinkedtoyourlifestyle.C.ThelinkbetweenahighIQandbeingavegetarianisstilluncertain.D.Thelinkbetweenahealthyheartanddietremainstobeproved.[解析]推理判斷題。文章最后一句的意思是：人們成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冎巧谈哌€是因?yàn)樗麄冏銐蚵斆鞫⒁饨】祮?wèn)題？由此可見(jiàn)DrFrankiePhillips認(rèn)為素食和高智商的因果關(guān)系尚未明確，就像弄不清楚是因?yàn)橛械安庞须u，還是因?yàn)橛须u才有蛋一樣。故C項(xiàng)正確。[答案]C5．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GetmoreIQpoints!B.Beavegetarian,please!C.VegetariandietcutsheartriskD.AhighIQislinkedtobeingavegetarian[解析]標(biāo)題概括題。本文介紹了一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果：素食與高智商有關(guān)，故D項(xiàng)正確。作者并未提出建議，所以A、B兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文章中雖然提到了心臟病，但不是文章的主旨，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。[答案]D[長(zhǎng)難句解讀](1)ASouthamptonUniversityteamfoundthatpeoplewhowerevegetariansby30hadrecordedfiveIQpointshigheronaverageattheageof10.本句是含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。whowerevegetariansby30是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。(2)TherewasnodifferenceintheIQscoresbetweenstrictvegetariansandthosewhosaidtheywerevegetariansbutreportedeatingfishorchicken.TherewasnodifferenceintheIQscoresbetweenstrictvegetariansandthose是主句，whosaidtheywerevegetariansbutreportedeatingfishorchicken是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those。(第4篇)TheholeintheEarth’sozonelayer(臭氧層)hasuntilnowprotectedAntarcticafromtheworsteffectsofglobalwarming.Butscientistshavewarnedthatastheholeclosesupinthenextfewdecades,temperaturesonthecontinentcouldrisebyaround3℃onaverage,withmeltingicecontributingtoaglobalsealevelincreaseofuptoInthepastdecadesthewesternAntarctichasseenrapidicelossastheworldhaswarmed,buttheotherpartsofthecontinenthave,paradoxically,beencooling,resultingina10%increaseiniceintheseasaroundtheregion.ThisisbecausetheholeintheozonelayerhasincreasedcoldwindsinAntarctica,makingmuchofthecontinentsurfacecolderthanusual.Butnowthatthegassesthatcausetheozoneholehavebeenbanned,scientistsexpecttheholetorepairitselfwithinthenext50to60years.BythenthecoolingeffectwillhavefadedoutandtheAntarcticwillfacethefullimpactofglobalwarming.Thismeansanincreaseinaverageairtemperaturesofaround3℃Thebiggestthreattothecontinentcomesfromwarmingseas.RobertJohnson,ascientistwhomonitorsAntarcticaicesheets,said,“TheicesheetsinAntarcticaarehundredsofmetresthick.Butoncewarmoceanwatersstartflowingunderneath,theicewillbeginthinningandcouldbreakupveryquickly.”Thinningicesheetscauseicetobreakawayfromthecontinentandtomeltevenfaster.EscapingicefromwesternAntarcticahasalreadyresultedina10%riseinglobalsealevelinrecentdecades.Johnsonbelievesthatinternationalactiontoreduceglobalwarmingisrequiredimmediatelyoritmaybetoolate.“Everythingisconnected—AntarcticamaybealongwayawaybutitisanimportantpartoftheEarth’ssystem，”saidJohnson.“Itcontains90%oftheworld’sice,70%oftheworld’sfreshwaterandthatisenough,ifitmeltscompletely,toraisesealevelsby63metres.”Eveninaworse-casesituationscientistsdon’texpecttheicetoentirelydisappear,butpredictthat,becauseofthemeltingicesheets,averagesealevelrisewillbearoundmetreshigherbytheendofthecentury.1.Theunderlinedword“paradoxically”(inParagraph2)mostprobablymeans“________.”A.rapidly B.approximatelyC.contradictorily D.apparently[答案]C2.WhatistheeffectoftheholeintheozonelayeronAntarctica?A.Itiscausingtheicetomeltfaster.B.Itismakingmuchofthecontinentcolder.C.Itismakingtheeffectsofglobalwarmingintheregionworse.D.ItisreducingtheamountofwaterinAntarctica.[答案]B3.WhatdoscientiststhinkisthebiggestdangerfacingAntarctica?A.Risingsealevels.B.Warmingseawatertemperature.C.Waterpollution.D.Growingicesheets.[答案]B4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Antarcticaiscurrentlyexperiencingthefulleffectsofglobalwarming.B.Theaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby3℃C.Antarcticacontainsmostoftheworld’sfreshwater.D.TenpercentofAntarctica’sicehasalreadybeenlost.[答案]C5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.A.OurplanetindangerB.AntarcticameltingawayC.ActionplantosaveAntarcticaD.Let’ssavetheozonelayer[答案]B(第5篇)Webetthatoncoldwintrydays,manyofyoulovetostayinyourwarmhomeand,everynowandthen，comeoutintothekitchenforasnack.Unfortunately,plentyofcreepy-crawlycritters(爬行生物)liketodothesamething!Winteristhetimewhenbugs(蟲(chóng)子)invadeyourhousewithoutaninvitation.Theseasoncanbetoughforsuchcreatures.Inwintertheairiscold,thegroundishardandmanytreeshavenoleaves.Sobugsdowhattheyhavetodotosurvive.Monarchbutterfliesheadsouthtowarmerclimates.Antscrowdindeepundergroundcoloniesandeatfoodtheyhavebeenstoringallyear.Manyinsectsgointoadeepsleepcalleddiapauses.There’redifferentkindsofdiapauses,butallaresimilartohibernation,atimewhenbiggeranimalsbecomeinactiveinthecold.Insectsgointoaninactiveperiod,too,butitoftenisn’twhenthetemperaturedrops.Theyrelyonmoredependablesignalsintheenvironment.Forexample,manyinsectscantellhowmuchsunlightthere’seachday.Theyusethattotellthemselveswhentoshutdown.Bugsarecold-blooded,meaningthattheirinsidetemperatureisthesameastheoutside.Theycan’tmovemuchwhenitgetsbelow40degreesFahrenheit.Sotheysearchforanywarmplace.They’relookingforprotection.Theseguyshavebeendoingthisfor300millionyears,sotheydon’treallyknowthey’recomingintoyourhouse.Thehomeisarecenteventintermsoftheirevolutionarybehavior.Theyenterthroughtinycracksorcomeinunnoticedonyourclothesorshoes.Rememberth