考研考博-英語-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個社會化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國司法部長，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂隊(duì)成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動，但是檢察官決定不起訴他，第二個例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官決定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實(shí)上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知第一段所舉的兩個例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項(xiàng)“檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項(xiàng)“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因?yàn)樗幌氪诒O(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個例子中的一個方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個例子的意圖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知作者在這里想表明的問題是檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項(xiàng)“檢察官對被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問題，第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國檢察官辦公室里，一個流行的游戲是給一個名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級檢察官找出一個合理的罪名來起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強(qiáng)奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個法學(xué)雷區(qū)）可知這個小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項(xiàng)“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項(xiàng)“在一些地方用來培訓(xùn)初級檢察官”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項(xiàng)“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對于美國該情況是十分擔(dān)心的，選C選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心”；A選項(xiàng)“滿意”，B選項(xiàng)“虧本”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.為了產(chǎn)生等量的電流，中國的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。從本世紀(jì)的開端起，提高生產(chǎn)率同時(shí)節(jié)約能源，這已經(jīng)成為中國政府最關(guān)心的事情之一。

2.在將來的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么職位任務(wù)，他們都不能是技術(shù)文盲。他們沒必要是發(fā)明新技術(shù)的科學(xué)家或工程師，但是，管理者必須清楚對新技術(shù)何時(shí)押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技術(shù)能有效地成為“黑匣子”，那么，他們就不會做出改變。這樣，他們將成為失敗者而不是勝者。

4.即使你知道孩子問題的答案，也不要沖動地快速做出回應(yīng)，要給討論余留空間。這強(qiáng)化了科學(xué)僅是一套儲存在成人腦海的事實(shí)這一誤解。

5.科學(xué)關(guān)乎于解釋?？茖W(xué)不僅包含事實(shí)，而且包含人們通過將信息編織成個關(guān)于自然如何運(yùn)作的故事而給予它的意義。

3.單選題

Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formally

B.publicly

C.spontaneously

D.willfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公眾名義”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固執(zhí)地”。根句意‘我們很難區(qū)分有頌袖氣質(zhì)是人（

）做出的事情還是那些為了做樣子而故意策劃出事情?！芍崭裉幩钤~要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect為了做樣子而故意策劃”對應(yīng)，所以C選項(xiàng)“自發(fā)地”正確。

4.單選題

Ihopeyouarenot（）thatIobtainedthismoneydishonestly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implying

B.involving

C.deducing

D.denoting

【答案】A

【解析】Implying暗示,

隱含；involving涉及,

包括；deducing推測；denoting指示,

表示。句意：我希望你不是在暗示我是通過不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄潍@得這筆錢的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Manyhadbecomesocaughtupintheirownlivesthattheyhadletgoldenfriendships_______byovertheyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slip

B.stick

C.shift

D.skip

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slip悄悄疾行，溜B.stick粘貼，粘住

C.shift快速移動；轉(zhuǎn)移，挪動D.skip蹦蹦跳跳地走

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】goldenfriendships和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂搭配關(guān)系，這里指的是美好的友誼因?yàn)闊o暇顧及而______，slip符合語境，指的是友誼在不知不覺間消失，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】許多人一心撲在自己的生活上，以至于美好的友誼隨著時(shí)間的流逝而溜走。

6.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reflections反映；反響B(tài).demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations啟發(fā)；闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制；復(fù)制品

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中mirror在這里表示反映的意思，that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句修飾novel，在這里表示嘗試反映世界的小說?？崭窈蠼觨f，of短語做后置定語。主句為novelsare+空格處名詞?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填一個與mirror相似的單詞，表示反映的意思。A選項(xiàng)reflection符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)demonstration表示清楚細(xì)致地展示；

C選項(xiàng)illumination指某物能夠被理解；

D選項(xiàng)reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。

【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說實(shí)際上反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

7.單選題

Inhistime,heenjoyedareputation（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asgreatasthatofMozart’sifnotgreater

B.asgreat,orevengreater,thanMozart

C.asgreatalsogreaterthanMozart

D.greater,orasgreatasMozart

【答案】A

【解析】考查比較級。比較級的常見搭配為n.+as+adj.+assb/sth和某人/某物一樣……?？崭袂懊娴氖敲~reputation“聲譽(yù)”，B，C，D選項(xiàng)不符合同級比較和比較級的語法習(xí)慣。句意：這次，他獲得了如莫扎特一樣高的聲望（如果不是更高的話）。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.

Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?

Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".

True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.

Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.

Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.

1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?

3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.

4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.

5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".

B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.

C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.

D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructed

B.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.

C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.

D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.

B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreform

C.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericans

D.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lackedlegalrootingandhasbeenrepealed.

B.wongreatsupportfromthosepulled.

C.seemsimpressiveandsuccessful

D.wasbelievedbynobody.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.takethemoney

B.cancovermorepeopleandcontrolthecostsofinsurance.

C.regulatetheirinsurancemarkets

D.innovatethelaw.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors(他借民意支持成功上位，以推行全民健康保險(xiǎn)，這項(xiàng)功績可謂前無古人)。所以，他認(rèn)為此次醫(yī)療改革是歷史性時(shí)刻的原因是這項(xiàng)功績，即D項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)全民醫(yī)保改革”。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructed

thatgranddream(但是，政治的現(xiàn)實(shí)性使得這一偉大夢想障礙重重)。因此，A項(xiàng)“從政治上說，奧巴馬醫(yī)改的偉大夢想得以建造”不符合原文所述。答案選A。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞KathleenSebelius定位至第五段:Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius(這一切聽起來甚是美好，可問題在于：許多美國人并不信任西貝利厄斯女士)。因此D項(xiàng)“她在推行醫(yī)改中遭遇困難”正確，同時(shí)排除A和B項(xiàng)。第三段指出:shepointedtoevidenceofan‘enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans(她指出‘其在美國社會中業(yè)已產(chǎn)生的巨大影響‘這一證詞),因此可排除C項(xiàng)。故答案選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thepollbyKFF定位至第五段:RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKFFthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureofitslegalfooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland(凱薩家庭基金會所收集的近一半投票都認(rèn)為奧式醫(yī)改方案己被撤銷或是仍缺失法律基礎(chǔ)。這僅是一時(shí)之策)。因此A項(xiàng)“缺乏法律基礎(chǔ)并且已被撤銷”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞befreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarkets定位至租后一段:Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets(只要該州達(dá)到使更多人參保并抑制成本的目標(biāo)，就能擁有如何創(chuàng)建當(dāng)?shù)乇ｋU(xiǎn)市場的自主權(quán))。因此選B項(xiàng)“他們能覆蓋更多人（參加保險(xiǎn)）并且控制保險(xiǎn)成本”。

9.單選題

CaliforniaisAmerica’slandofbigdreams,theEldoradoatthecontinent’sedge.FromthedaysofEuropeandiscoverytothepresent,ithasbeenportrayedasaparadiseofpossibilityandtransformation,aplacetomakea“freshstart—inthegoldfields,thevineyards,thestudiolots—andbreakfreedomfrombadweather,badreputations,andsocialandeconomicoppression.Thecallwasirresistibleanduniversal.Asaresult,inanationdrawnfromdiversecultures,Californiamaybethemostculturallydiverseofall,claimingnotonlyEuropean,Native,andPan-AmericanrootsbutclosetiestotheFarEastaswell.

EvenbeforethetidesofimmigrationthathelpedshapeCalifornia’slasttwocenturies,thiswasaplaceofstunningvarietyandcontradiction.Infact,it’sbeenobservedmorethanafewtimesthat,geographicallyspeaking,Californiaisnotonestatebutmany:dryandwet,mountainsandflat,denselypopulatedandvirtuallyempty.Thestate’s1,110milesofcoastlineincludebroadswimmingbeachesandwindswept,rock–strewnpalisades.Lushorchards,ancientredwoods,palmoasesanddesertsagebrushallcoexistwithCalifornia’ssixlifezones,fromLowerSonorantoAlpine.

AsaSpanishcolony,Californiahastwoprovinces:Alta(upper)andBaja(lower).Today,withBajaCaliforniaattachedtoMexicoalingeringhistoricalschismseparatesnorthernCaliforniafromsouthern.WhenLosAngeleswasstillasleepyMexicanvillage,SanFranciscowasasophisticated,bustlingmetropolis;bythelate20thcenturytheyhadswitchedroles,LosAngeleswasaworld-classlargecitywithapopulationofthreeandahalfmillionandanareaof465squaremiles,faroutstrippingSanFrancisco,whichinrecenttimeshastradedheavilyonitsquaintnessandtouristappeal.Deeppoliticalandculturalantagonismscontinuetodefineanddividenorthandsouth.Notleastoftheseisanearlycentury-oldstruggleovercontrolofthestate’spreciouswater,whichtendstopitrecreation-and-conservation-mindednorthernCaliforniansagainstdevelopmentandagribusinessinterestsinthesouthstateandCentralValley.

Still,foranoutsider,theunifyingthemesstandout.ComparedevenwithotherWesternstates,Californiarepresentsanoptimisticfacetowardthefuture—theplacewheretrendsfirstgetsampledandpreparedforworldwidespreadviathestate’swell-tooledentertainmentindustry.California’sarts,commerce,andcultureallreflectthisspiritofaspiration,innovation,andredemption.

ButsunnyoptimismisonlyoneofCalifornia’sthemes.Anothercurrentisdarkanddramatic:miningclaimsthatdon’tpanout,earthquakesthatmocktheperformanceofhumanendeavor,economicboomsthatgobust.Duringthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,manyartistsandwritershaveexploredthisdarksideoftheCaliforniadream,exposingtheshadowsbehindthesunshine.

Still,foranumberofreasons,Californiadreamingpersists.Howevermanyhopesaredashed,thesenseofpossibilityremainsstrongforeachnewgeneration,eachnewimmigrantgroupthatreachesCaliforniasoil.“WereonetoseekaworkingdefinitionoftheCaliforniadream.”suggestshistorianKevin.

21.Californiaisquiterichinculturaldiversityinthatithas______.

22.Itis______thatleadstothesayingthatCaliforniaisnotonestatebutmany.

23.WhatisthesignificanceofCalifornia’sentertainmentindustry?

24.Accordingtoauthor,California’scharmliesinthefactthat______.

25.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beenregardedasanidealplaceforpeoplefromdifferentoriginstorealizetheirdreams

B.attractedpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldtosettledownandgetdeveloped

C.beensuccessfulinthemanufactureofgold,wineandmovies

D.gainedthereputationasaplacetosolvevariousproblemssatisfactorily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimmigrants’distributionamongdifferentsectorsofCalifornia

B.California’srichnessinplains,mountains,coastlines,desertsandpopulation

C.California’sextremegeographicconditions

D.California’scoveringallthespectrumofgeographicfeatures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itmakesstarsofgreatpopularityamongtheworld.

B.Itleadstheworldtrendandgetsreadytospreadittotherestoftheworld.

C.Ithasthelatesttrendtestedandprovedinordertomakeitspreadamongtheworld.

D.Itmakesthemostadvancedtechnologybeusedinfilmmaking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.it’saplacewithrichhistory,geographicfeaturesandcultures

B.contradictionscanalwaysfindtheircompromisehere

C.itcantoleratepeoplefromdifferentcultures

D.everythingcanbepossibleandcanbeturnedintoreality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ironical.

B.Critical.

C.Objective.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Californiaisquiterichinculturaldiversityinthatithas______.21.加州有著豐富的文化多樣性，它______。

A.beenregardedasanidealplaceforpeoplefromdifferentoriginstorealizetheirdreamsA.一直被認(rèn)為是來自不同地方的人們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的理想之地

B.attractedpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldtosettledownandgetdevelopedB.吸引了世界各地的人們定居和發(fā)展

C.beensuccessfulinthemanufactureofgold,wineandmoviesC.在黃金、葡萄酒和電影的制造上都很成功

D.gainedthereputationasaplacetosolvevariousproblemssatisfactorilyD.獲得了令人滿意地解決各種問題的好名聲

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息culturaldiversity可以定位到文章第一段，最后一句指出“因此，在一個來自不同文化的國家，加州可能是所有國家中最具文化多樣性的”，這里是對加州有豐富文化多樣性的總結(jié)，那么結(jié)合上文，開頭提到了“加州是美國的夢想之地，是大陸邊緣的理想黃金國。從歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸的時(shí)代到現(xiàn)在，它一直被描繪成一個充滿可能性和變革的天堂，一個重新開始的地方……”，由此我們可知，加州是人們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的地方，充滿可能性和轉(zhuǎn)變的天堂，一個重新開始的地方，因此吸引世界各地的人來此定居發(fā)展，所以它的文化充滿多樣性。B項(xiàng)描述最全面，因此正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)太片面，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)并沒有提到successful，而是freshstart，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)中g(shù)ainthereputation的對象并不是California，而是去加州的人們，屬于曲解原文。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Itis______thatleadstothesayingthatCaliforniaisnotonestatebutmany.22.正是由于______，才有了加州不是一個州而是多個州的說法。

A.theimmigrants’distributionamongdifferentsectorsofCaliforniaA.移民在加州不同地區(qū)的分布

B.California’srichnessinplains,mountains,coastlines,desertsandpopulationB.加州擁有豐富的平原、山脈、海岸線、沙漠和人口

C.California’sextremegeographicconditionsC.加州極端的地理?xiàng)l件

D.California’scoveringallthespectrumofgeographicfeaturesD.加州涵蓋了所有的地理特征

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句“事實(shí)上，人們不止一次地觀察到，從地理上講（geographically），加州不是一個州，而是多個州：干燥和潮濕，山脈和平原，人口密集和空空如也”，以及第三句“該州1110英里長的海岸線（coastline）包括寬闊的游泳沙灘和被風(fēng)吹過、布滿巖石的巖壁”，可知，加州不是一個州而是多個州的說法是由于加州的地理原因，因?yàn)樗瑫r(shí)擁有干燥和潮濕的氣候，并且由平原、山脈、海岸線、空曠的沙漠和人口，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)沒有提到移民的分布，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)中的extreme在該段沒有體現(xiàn)，也沒有提到，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)用了all，表述太絕對，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.WhatisthesignificanceofCalifornia’sentertainmentindustry?23.加州娛樂行業(yè)的意義是什么？

A.Itmakesstarsofgreatpopularityamongtheworld.A.它使明星在世界上很受歡迎。

B.Itleadstheworldtrendandgetsreadytospreadittotherestoftheworld.B.它引領(lǐng)了世界潮流，并準(zhǔn)備將其傳播到世界其他地方。

C.Ithasthelatesttrendtestedandprovedinordertomakeitspreadamongtheworld.C.它擁有最新的被檢驗(yàn)和證明的潮流，并要讓它在世界范圍內(nèi)傳播。

D.Itmakesthemostadvancedtechnologybeusedinfilmmaking.D.它使最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)被用于電影制作。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息entertainmentindustry定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句“與西方其他州相比，加州代表著對未來的樂觀態(tài)度，在這里，人們最先體驗(yàn)潮流（trendsfirstgetsampled），并且加州準(zhǔn)備通過該州完善的娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)將潮流向全世界傳播（worldwidespread）”，從中可知，加州娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)的意義是引領(lǐng)最新潮流，且準(zhǔn)備向全世界傳播，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)atesttrendtestedandproved（最新的被檢驗(yàn)和證明的潮流）并沒有提到，屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Accordingtoauthor,California’scharmliesinthefactthat______.24.作者認(rèn)為，加州的魅力在于______。

A.it’saplacewithrichhistory,geographicfeaturesandculturesA.這是一個有著豐富歷史、地理特征和文化的地方

B.contradictionscanalwaysfindtheircompromisehereB.矛盾總是可以在這里找到妥協(xié)

C.itcantoleratepeoplefromdifferentculturesC.它可以容忍來自不同文化背景的人

D.everythingcanbepossibleandcanbeturnedintorealityD.一切都是可能的，都可以變成現(xiàn)實(shí)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】從文章最后一段“然而，出于一些原因，加州夢依然存在。無論多少希望都破滅了，每一代新移民，每一個來到加州的新移民群體，都有強(qiáng)烈的可能性感覺?！保Y(jié)合文章開頭第一句就講到了“加州是美國的夢想之地”，綜合可以推斷，加州的魅力就在于每個去加州的人都有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)在文中作者并沒有提到這是加州的魅力所在，屬于出處錯位；

B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到矛盾的compromise，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?24.作者在這篇文章中的語氣是什么？

A.Ironical.A.諷刺的

B.Critical.B.批評的

C.Objective.C.客觀的

D.Indifferent.D.冷漠的

【考查點(diǎn)】主觀態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文章前三段作者闡述了加州作為夢想之地的原因以及加州的地理和歷史，最后三段描述了加州潮流的兩個對立面，在倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“但陽光樂觀只是加州的主題之一。另一股潮流是黑暗而戲劇性的：未成功的采礦，嘲笑人類努力表現(xiàn)的地震，破滅的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。”，綜合可知，在這篇文章中，作者都是用客觀的語氣來描寫加州，并沒有用到表示個人主觀情感的詞語，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不符合，屬于曲解原文。

10.單選題

We’ll______youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”，B項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救，治療”，C項(xiàng)supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”，D項(xiàng)retrieve“恢復(fù)，重新得到”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞damagedonetoyourhouse“對你房子的破壞”可推測，空格部分表示“賠償”。句意：我們?nèi)胱∑陂g對你的房子所造成的任何損害，我們都會賠償你的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

1.Digitaldivideissomething（）.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof（）.

4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.offersecon