考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)（華東）考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

問題1選項

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.crucial至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的B.subordinate隸屬的，從屬的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚積的，積累的D.satisfactory令人滿意的，夠好的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇______”可知，空格處表示“至關(guān)重要的”符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇至關(guān)重要。

2.翻譯題

Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.

【答案】【參考譯文】雇主需要更好地了解身體有障礙的人。一想到領(lǐng)取社會保障收入就能提供我們所需要的一切，我們大多數(shù)人都感到很生氣。失業(yè)是恥辱的，而且非常無聊，沒有任何意義。一個人的殘疾并不影響他或她的工作表現(xiàn)，但是卻因為這個而將他或她排除在外，這是錯誤的做法，這種錯誤無異于種族歧視。每個人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會做好工作，并因此對成為社會的一份子而感到自豪。

3.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時，意為“產(chǎn)生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進(jìn)行大量的研究，這一點是千真萬確的。

4.單選題

Dailynutrition,weight,andphysicalactivitiesinthefamilywilllargelydeterminewhetheryourchildrenare（）tochildrendiabetes.

問題1選項

A.likely

B.susceptible

C.influential

D.sustainable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。likely“很可能的，合適的”；susceptible“易受影響的”；influential“有影響力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的”。句意：家庭中的日常營養(yǎng)、體重和體育活動在很大程度上決定了你的孩子是否容易患上糖尿病。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.controversy

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意:發(fā)生幾次核災(zāi)難之后，關(guān)于核能安全的問題引發(fā)了一場激烈的爭論。

名詞辨析。quarrel吵架,口角;suspicion懷疑,疑心;controversy爭論,辯論;verdict（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定。故C符合句意。

6.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inexplicable“費(fèi)解的；無法說明的；不能解釋的”；B選項healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C選項sound“合理的；無損的；有能力的；充足的；徹底的；熟睡的；資金充實的；嚴(yán)厲的；健全的”；D選項straight“直的；連續(xù)的；筆直的；正直的；整齊的；異性戀的”。句意：我們可以靠威廉去完成這個任務(wù)，因為他的決策總是合理的。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionaloffensesofthetheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimesaregoingupatastartlingrate.Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshaddoubledinadecade.Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation,andaminimumofinternal,indirect,anddirectcontrolwouldsufficetosecureconformity.Theobjectionmaybemadethatmanyviolationsarecommittedfortheexcitementoftheviolationitself.However,otherpossibilitiesforexcitementexistbesidesviolatinglawsandregulations.

Nocompleteandgenerallysatisfactorylistofneeds,eitherofchildrenoradults,hasbeencompiled.Theredoesseemtobeessentialconsensusontheneedsforaffection,andsecurity.Althoughthesecategoriesdonotexhausttheneedsofchildren,theyare,atleast,abeginning.

Onlysomeofthechild’sneeds,particularlythoseoftheadolescent,canbesatisfiedwithinthefamily.Thefamilydoes,however,alsogreatlyaffectthechancestheadolescentwillhaveinsatisfyinghisneedsintheschool,inhispeergroup,andlater,inhisoccupation.Ifheisabletosatisfyhisneedsreasonablywelloutsidethehome,insociallyapprovedways,thereislesspressuretoachievethemthroughdelinquentbehavior.

Astherearelimitationsuponwhatcanbeachievedbyindirectanddirectcontrol,soalsoaretherelimitationsastoneedsatisfactions.Adolescentshavewantsthatmustbedeferred,atleast,suchasforforeignsportcars,sexualsatisfactions,andadultincomeandstatus.Likewise,noteveryonecanbethecaptainofthefootballteam,thecampusqueenorthewinnerofscholarshiphonors.Atpresent,thereisnowaythatadolescentscanalwaysbemadetofeellovedandsecuredandnoassurancethattherewillalwaysbesomethinginterestingtodo.Ontheothersideoftheledger,thereisalwayssomeworktobedonetoobtain,inalegitimatemanner,whateverrecognitionandprivilegesarepossible.

Eventhoughcompleteandimmediatesatisfactionofneedsisnotordinarilypossible,familiescangofartowardthelegitimatesatisfactionofneedswithinthefamily,andtheycanprepareandlaunchtheadolescentinhisinteractionwithschool,peergroup,andoccupation,otherwisetheycanfailalmosttotallyinhelpingtomeetneedsinandoutsidethefamilythroughacceptablebehavior.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,juvenilescommitviolationsbecause（

）.

2.Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingshouldthefamilydotoreducejuveniledelinquency?

4.Whichofthefollowingthemesdoestheauthorfocuson?

問題1選項

A.theywanttoderivepleasurefromtheviolationitself

B.theirneedsarenotsatisfiedcompletelyandimmediately

C.violatinglawsandregulationsoffersthemgreaterexcitement

D.notenoughcontrolisexercisedtomakethemconformtolaws

問題2選項

A.theimportantthingistogivechildrensomethinginterestingtodo

B.allthatchildrenneed,likeadults,arerecognitionandprivileges

C.childrencanbemadetofeellovedandsecureonlyathome

D.alltheneedsofanadolescentcannotbesatisfied

問題3選項

A.Exertdirectandindirectcontroloverthechildwithinthefamily.

B.Don’tinterfereinchildren’sbehaviorinoroutsidethefamily.

C.Trytohelpthechildrenmeetlegitimateneedsinandoutsidethefamily.

D.Tryitsbesttosatisfyallofthechildren’sneedswithinthefamily.

問題4選項

A.Needsatisfactionandjuveniledelinquency.

B.Adolescents’interactionwithfamily,schoolandsociety.

C.Familyaffectionanddevelopment.

D.Indirectanddirectcontroloveradolescents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第四句“Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation...”如果在不違反法律的情況下，能夠充分地及時地滿足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不會犯罪。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必須被推遲，比如外國跑車，性滿足，成人的收入和地位。同樣，不是每個人都能成為足球隊隊長、?；ɑ颡剬W(xué)金獲得者。作者意在說明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到滿足，選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上滿足家庭內(nèi)部的需求，并且可以鼓勵孩子與學(xué)校，同齡人團(tuán)體以及職業(yè)相關(guān)的人和事交往互動。即幫助孩子滿足家庭內(nèi)外的合法需求。選項C符合原文。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要討論的是滿足需要與青少年犯罪，選項A最能概括全文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

8.單選題

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

問題1選項

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout為固定短語搭配，意為“對...挑剔，過分講究的”。這里指她對自己的外表很講究。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Withhisstrongaccent,it’shardto___whathe’stryingtosay.

問題1選項

A.handout

B.sortout

C.sendout

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.handout分發(fā)B.sortout挑選出；分類

C.sendout發(fā)送；派遣D.figureout想出；弄明白

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】固定句型itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth，對某人來說做……是……的。With短語做原因狀語。句意為因為他的口音，我們很難聽清他在嘗試說什么。綜上所述，D選項figureout“想出、弄明白”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“弄清”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的口音很重，很難聽懂他想說什么。

10.填空題

5.A:Look!Thewindowis（1）.Becareful（2）thepiecesofglassonthefloor.They’re（3）.

B:Johnsayssomeone（4）arockthroughthewindowthismorning.Noonehasany（5）whoitwas.

【答案】1.broken

2.of

3.sharp

4.threw

5.idea

【解析】1.語義題。句意:窗戶壞了。bebroken表示“損壞的狀態(tài)”。

2.固定搭配。Becarefulof小心…。

3.語義題。這部分是形容玻璃碎片，故可以填入表示“鋒利”的sharp。

4.語義題。Throw扔(石頭)。句子說的是thismorning(早上)發(fā)生的事,因此用一般過去時。

5.固定搭配。Hasidea知道。

11.單選題

Broughtupinademocraticatmosphere,thestudentwasshockedbythe______andnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.

問題1選項

A.indecisiveness

B.bigotry

C.callus

D.calumny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項indecisiveness表示“猶豫不定”，B項bigotry表示“偏執(zhí)，頑固”，C項callus表示“愈合組織，老繭”，D項calumny表示“誹謗，中傷”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處和narrowness（狹隘）為并列成分，因此，四個選項中只有“偏執(zhí)”符合語境。句意：在民主的環(huán)境中長大的這個學(xué)生對他的幾個同學(xué)表現(xiàn)出的偏執(zhí)和狹隘感到震驚。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

12.單選題

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

問題1選項

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。object“反對（一般與介詞to搭配使用）”；oppose“反對；對抗，抗?fàn)帯?；contradict“反駁；否定；與······矛盾”；refute“駁斥”。句意：他們用目擊者的證詞來駁斥他聲稱自己無辜。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學(xué)14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經(jīng)過多年的擴(kuò)張，智能手機(jī)市場正處于頂峰狀態(tài)。一些企業(yè)仍在茁壯成長：中國電信巨頭華為預(yù)測，其自身消費(fèi)設(shè)備部門今年的收入將增長約50%。然而，曾經(jīng)被看成是中國對蘋果公司競爭回應(yīng)的一家創(chuàng)新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動力。在4月26日，蘋果自己也宣布了較弱的業(yè)績。蘋果在大中華地區(qū)銷售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設(shè)備市場的成熟，消費(fèi)者的支出也正在轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)方面：自2012年以來，數(shù)據(jù)流量使用一直保持三位數(shù)的增長率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區(qū)的房價一直在顯著上升。房地產(chǎn)中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱，這在很大程度上是因為現(xiàn)金充裕的買家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產(chǎn)看作是國外經(jīng)濟(jì)動蕩的避風(fēng)港。然而，在英國的其他地方，房地產(chǎn)市場卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間，實際工資的下降、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不穩(wěn)定性和對房價暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國人對這些地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的癡迷。

15.單選題

Ourcommitteehaselectedanew（）.

問題1選項

A.chief

B.principal

C.head

D.chairman

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查名詞用法。A選項chief“首領(lǐng)，頭目”，B選項principal“校長”，C選項head“負(fù)責(zé)人，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”，D選項chairman“（會議的）主席，主持人，（委員會的）委員長，主席，（公司等的）董事長”。句意：我們委員會選出了一位新的委員長。因此，D選項符合句意。

16.單選題

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

問題1選項

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

問題2選項

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

問題3選項

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

問題4選項

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

問題5選項

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

問題6選項

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.

問題7選項

A.Ambivalence

B.Indifference

C.Sympathy

D.Disdain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentration.制片人要意識到藝術(shù)的目標(biāo)就是吸引注意力。確定C選項‘承認(rèn)藝術(shù)作品本身有足夠的魅力可以吸引觀眾的注意’正確。A選項‘在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類電影時，需要精準(zhǔn)的藝術(shù)史語言’、B選項‘設(shè)計電影基調(diào)與風(fēng)格時，需要戲劇性的敘事與音樂’和D選項‘要抓住觀眾的注意力，更多的依靠的是敘事，而不是移動的鏡頭’與原文不符，排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段：...describedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.認(rèn)為電影制作是一個讓觀眾重新感知世界的過程。托夫影制作的描述是把電影看成是一種藝術(shù)。確定C選項‘闡述一個概念：電影是如何影響觀眾的視覺’正確。A選項‘舉個例子說明電影可以影響感知力’、B選項‘為以下論點提供論據(jù)：電影已經(jīng)成功影響了觀眾的感知力’和D選項‘將對電影作用的傳統(tǒng)觀點與現(xiàn)代觀點進(jìn)行比較’與原文不符，排除。

3.整個文章是按照先講問題，再分析原因，最后提出解決辦法這一模式行文的，所以A選項‘先提出觀察到的令人不滿意的現(xiàn)狀，再分析原因，最后給出解決方法’正確。B選項‘先提出兩個矛盾的觀點，再提出各自支持的論據(jù)，最后將兩個矛盾綜合’、C選項‘先批駁一個觀點，再反駁回去，然后再批駁另一個觀點’和D選項‘先提出一個觀點，再給支持該觀點的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)’不符合原文的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，排除。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Films...havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracymoreeffectivelythanpublicationscan:電影比出版物更具有提高觀眾視覺認(rèn)識能力的潛力。第三段：Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.藝術(shù)類電影很少在黃金時段播出，究其原因，一方面是因為分配的限制，另一方面就是許多這類影片本身的不足之處。由確定B選項‘討論藝術(shù)類電影本身的不足之處以及技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，要求提高對視覺認(rèn)識能力的影響力’符合題意。A選項‘討論電影作為媒體，其向大眾傳播藝術(shù)的潛力沒有得到充分發(fā)揮的原因，以及電影在這方面或許有著更大的效應(yīng)’、C選項‘討論與出版物相比，運(yùn)用電影這一方式向大眾宣傳藝術(shù)作品的優(yōu)勢與劣勢’和D選項‘為以下觀點提供論據(jù)：藝術(shù)類電影為了提高觀眾的視覺認(rèn)識能力，把重點放在教育意義上而非娛樂性‘不符合原文，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。確定C選項‘電影在提高觀眾的視覺形式意識方面，大有潛力可挖’正確。A選項‘閱讀有關(guān)藝術(shù)作品的出版物，然后看一場同類型的電影，這是提高觀眾視覺認(rèn)識能力最有效的方法’、B選項‘觀眾視覺認(rèn)識能力的擴(kuò)大將擴(kuò)大觀眾注意力的范圍’和D選項‘以藝術(shù)類作品為題裁的電影將會阻礙視覺認(rèn)識能力的發(fā)展’不符合原文。

6.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...：藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。由此確定B選項‘演講或書面言語所取得的效果，電影可以通過非言語的方式獲得同樣的效果‘正確。A選項‘藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類電影的作用相對降低了’、C選項‘進(jìn)一步分析藝術(shù)類作品不適合成為藝術(shù)類電影的主題的原因’和D選項‘在博物館欣賞藝術(shù)作品時，寂靜與之最為相村，可是這一點并不適合用在電影中’不符合原文，排除。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.合作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。由此得出，如果遵照做了，勢必產(chǎn)生相反的效果。所以D選項‘蔑視’符合題意。A選項‘矛盾心理’、B選項‘漠不關(guān)心’和C選項‘同情’不符合原文，排除。

17.單選題

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

問題1選項

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項satiate“充分滿足；使厭膩”；B選項apply“申請；涂，敷；適用”；C選項strengthen“加強(qiáng)；鞏固”；D選項sustain“維持；支撐，承擔(dān)”。句意：他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。

18.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide,thusitcanavoidheavylosses.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】句意:應(yīng)該要有一個可以避免火車相撞的機(jī)制，從而避免重大損失。

考查名詞辨析。appliance器具，器械，裝置，家用電器；accessory配件，附件，［法］從犯，（衣服的）配飾；machine機(jī)械；mechanism機(jī)制，機(jī)械裝置。因此D符合句意。

19.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

問題2選項

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

問題3選項

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題5選項

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，大腦的差異是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯了嗎？），聯(lián)系后文并沒有否定這個認(rèn)為，因此D項“社會”符合題意；A項“生理”、B項“心理”和C項“精神”在文中都沒有明確提到是其因素。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“以下哪一個最好地描述了心理學(xué)家對女性的思想不同于男性這一問題的態(tài)度？”。根據(jù)第一段中的Women’smindswor