考研考博-英語(yǔ)-九江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-九江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedoctorhasdifficulty______thisinfection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fortreading

B.totreat

C.intreating

D.beingtreating

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：醫(yī)生在治療這個(gè)感染病上遇到困難。做某事遇到困難用sb.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.，所以C選項(xiàng)intreating符合題意，故正確。其余選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者的國(guó)家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對(duì)窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

To（）istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conserve“保存，保護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)conceive“構(gòu)思，設(shè)想”；C選項(xiàng)convert“轉(zhuǎn)變”；D選項(xiàng)contrive“謀劃”。句意：保護(hù)就是保存和保護(hù)，把我們自己喜歡的東西留在如此好的條件下，別人也可以分享我們的樂趣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Itmaybeworthwhileatthismomentto（）andseewhatprogresswehavemadeafteroneyear’sstudyincollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lookinto

B.lookaround

C.lookover

D.lookback

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。Lookinto“調(diào)查，研究”；lookaround“環(huán)顧”；lookover“查看”；lookback“回顧”。句意：現(xiàn)在回顧一下我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)的一年學(xué)習(xí)中所取得的進(jìn)步是值得的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Theapartmenthasbeen（

）sineSmith'smovedout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虛的，空缺的，空閑的；versatile多才多藝的，萬(wàn)能的；vacuum真空的；vain徒勞的，自負(fù)的。句意：自從Smith搬出去后，那套公寓一直空著。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep（31）ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders（32）theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy（33）.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar（34）linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic（35）.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto（36）orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment（37）acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it（38）alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid（39）attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa（40）forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】31、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞與詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)keeptraceof“保留痕跡，跟蹤”；B選項(xiàng)trade“貿(mào)易”；C選項(xiàng)keeptrackof“記錄；與……保持聯(lián)系，明了”；D選項(xiàng)trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”（人民的想法）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此處語(yǔ)義不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。由空格前后語(yǔ)義可知這里指這些民調(diào)應(yīng)該在多大程度上指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的行動(dòng)，在……方面，使用介詞in。A選項(xiàng)with“隨著，由著”；B選項(xiàng)to“對(duì)于”；D選項(xiàng)for“給，對(duì)；為了”，在此處語(yǔ)義不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

33、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)determination“決心；果斷”；B選項(xiàng)conclusion“結(jié)論”；C選項(xiàng)decision“決定”；D選項(xiàng)choice“選擇”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”（民意作為政治……的基礎(chǔ)）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是決定，即將民調(diào)作為政治決定的基礎(chǔ)。A選項(xiàng)一般指人決心做某事；B、D在此處語(yǔ)義不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析與前后邏輯關(guān)系。Farfrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”，由空格前后語(yǔ)義可知這里指這些民調(diào)能幫助政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人避免與公眾的想法偏離太遠(yuǎn)，從而提高政府的效率。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

35、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析與語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)admission“承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)support“支持；幫助”；C選項(xiàng)disagreement“不一致；爭(zhēng)論”；D選項(xiàng)reaction“反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”（公共政策的有效性取決于其公眾……的程度）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是支持，即有效性取決于公眾的支持程度。A、C、D在此處語(yǔ)義不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

36、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論；爭(zhēng)吵”；B選項(xiàng)disregard“忽視，無(wú)視”；C選項(xiàng)disrespect“無(wú)禮，失禮”；D選項(xiàng)disrupt“破壞；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知該空與undermined（破壞）是并列選擇關(guān)系。A、C選項(xiàng)在此處語(yǔ)義不符；D選項(xiàng)意義也為破壞，與空格后語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

37、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)continues“繼續(xù)，連續(xù)”；B選項(xiàng)carrieson“開展；實(shí)行”；C選項(xiàng)embarks“上船（或飛機(jī)）”；D選項(xiàng)pursues“追求，從事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”（大部分公眾不同意的行動(dòng)方針）可知是采取大眾不同意的方針，pursue有一種貶義的意義，即對(duì)應(yīng)后文帶來(lái)不好的影響。A、C選項(xiàng)在此處語(yǔ)義不符；B選項(xiàng)意義也為采取，實(shí)行，但多為褒義，即經(jīng)過(guò)周密調(diào)查而實(shí)行的計(jì)劃，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

38、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risks“冒……危險(xiǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)costs“花費(fèi)；使損失”；C選項(xiàng)makes“做，制作”；D選項(xiàng)endangers“危及；使遭到危險(xiǎn)”。由空格后“l(fā)ossofpublicconfidence”（公眾信心的喪失）可知是實(shí)行公眾不同意的計(jì)劃，是冒著失去公眾信心的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)行的，所以A選項(xiàng)與其語(yǔ)義相對(duì)應(yīng)。B、C、D選項(xiàng)在此處語(yǔ)義不符，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

39、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率；效能；功效”為名詞，此處需填入形容詞，排除；B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的”；C選項(xiàng)sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；D選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”（這顯示出美國(guó)人對(duì)伊朗仍然懷有深深的敵意，因?yàn)榘唸D拉?霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政權(quán)扣押了三名美國(guó)人質(zhì)）可知是由于政府沒有注意到民調(diào)顯示出的美國(guó)人仍然對(duì)伊朗懷有深深的敵意，所以D選項(xiàng)與其語(yǔ)義相對(duì)應(yīng)。A、B、C選項(xiàng)在此處語(yǔ)義不符，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

40、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)replacement“更換；復(fù)位”，一般與介詞of以及by搭配使用；B選項(xiàng)substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常與介詞of以及for搭配使用；C選項(xiàng)change“變化”；D選項(xiàng)diversity“多樣性；差異”。由空格后介詞“for”可知B選項(xiàng)與其語(yǔ)義相對(duì)應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)一般表示代替不與for搭配；C、D選項(xiàng)在此處語(yǔ)義不符，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.athiselbow近在手邊，在身邊B.offhishand（getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉）

C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watchingeverymove，可知他不能再犯錯(cuò)的原因是老師在關(guān)注他的一舉一動(dòng)，athiselbow符合語(yǔ)境，也就是說(shuō)老師就在旁邊，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯(cuò)了：他老師就在他身邊，注視著他的一舉一動(dòng)。

8.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defend辯護(hù)；acknowledged承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)；inferred推測(cè)；contended主張，為…競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機(jī)辯護(hù)稱他對(duì)這幾起交通事故都沒有責(zé)任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系。雖然該司機(jī)收到幾張罰單，但他辯護(hù)….故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)中的matter做名詞時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個(gè)名詞，因此matter應(yīng)改為matters。

10.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開頭引出了整篇文章的話題“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人會(huì)因?yàn)閯趧?wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題而遭受不幸？這是最關(guān)鍵但也是最有爭(zhēng)議的社會(huì)政策問(wèn)題之一。所以整篇文章的主題為勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)及就業(yè)問(wèn)題。下文分析了這一問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，并且提出由于社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的缺陷和不完善，使人們無(wú)法確定勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重程度和因勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”，由于這些相互矛盾的證據(jù)，目前還不確定那些由于勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題而遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p失的人數(shù)是數(shù)十萬(wàn)人還是數(shù)千萬(wàn)人……由此可判斷出本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)是如何模糊不清地反映出低工資和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不足所造成的困難程度的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”，如今，失業(yè)不會(huì)像20世紀(jì)30年代那樣帶來(lái)可怕的后果，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)失業(yè)者都是家里的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，當(dāng)時(shí)收入通常更接近于溫飽線，當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)于那些在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)上失敗的人，沒有相應(yīng)的解決措施。所以整篇文章提到的勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題主要是兩個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題，一是失業(yè)，二是收入。所以選項(xiàng)D“提供豐厚收入的崗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”，可知作者認(rèn)為在許多方面，社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)夸大了勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的困難程度。將20世紀(jì)30年代和現(xiàn)今進(jìn)行對(duì)比，是為了說(shuō)明失業(yè)所帶來(lái)的后果不像20世紀(jì)30年代時(shí)那樣嚴(yán)重。可推斷出失業(yè)影響的嚴(yán)重程度有所降低。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的問(wèn)題是“由于矛盾的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，不確定因?yàn)閯趧?wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)究竟是多少”。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”，作者對(duì)這一問(wèn)題所持有的觀點(diǎn)是：現(xiàn)有的貧困、就業(yè)和收入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不足以用來(lái)衡量勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題的后果嚴(yán)重性。可推斷出作者針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，可能最恰當(dāng)?shù)奶嶙h是制定新的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，以衡量勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題所造成的不幸程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”，可知第二段作者提出的主要觀點(diǎn)是我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的困難程度。此句為第二段的中心句，其他部分都是圍繞此句展開的論述，可推斷出下文作者提到那些一年之內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人目的是為了說(shuō)明失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來(lái)的困難。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”，我國(guó)的收入轉(zhuǎn)移一直集中在老年人、殘疾人和被贍養(yǎng)的人身上，而忽視了有工作的窮人的需要，因此，現(xiàn)金和實(shí)物轉(zhuǎn)移的急劇增長(zhǎng)，并不一定意味著那些在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保護(hù)?？膳袛喑鍪杖朕D(zhuǎn)移對(duì)低收入人群的緩解作用不惠及一些有工作的貧困者，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后幾句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”，文章提到收入數(shù)據(jù)也夸大了困難的程度，下文便解釋了原因，在數(shù)百萬(wàn)小時(shí)工資處于或低于最低工資水平的人中，絕大多數(shù)都有多份收入，而且家庭相對(duì)富裕。可判斷出導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和收入數(shù)據(jù)高估經(jīng)濟(jì)困難程度的一個(gè)原因是在低收入和失業(yè)的人群中，普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”，對(duì)于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)，作者的結(jié)論為：由于一年中某段時(shí)間內(nèi)失業(yè)的人數(shù)是某個(gè)月失業(yè)人數(shù)的幾倍，因此那些被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)可能等于或超過(guò)年平均失業(yè)人數(shù)，盡管在任何一個(gè)月里只有少數(shù)失業(yè)者真正受苦。下文就對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，根據(jù)文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”，對(duì)于被記入月失業(yè)人數(shù)中的人來(lái)說(shuō)，有些人因?yàn)闆]有能力找到全職工作而做兼職，或者在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)外，但是需要一份工作?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔?duì)于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)做出的結(jié)論，主要取決于這一點(diǎn)：被迫失業(yè)的人除了失業(yè)者外，還包括未充分就業(yè)的兼職工作者和不積極尋找工作的人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.推斷題。題目意思為“下列哪一項(xiàng)最能夠批判作者關(guān)于為什么貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能如實(shí)地表現(xiàn)出勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)存在的問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)”，實(shí)際上題目要求選出與作者觀點(diǎn)相反的一項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)為：因?yàn)樨毨Ыy(tǒng)計(jì)中的大多數(shù)是老年人或殘疾人，或有些人由于家庭負(fù)擔(dān)而無(wú)法成為勞動(dòng)力，所以貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確地反映勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的問(wèn)題?？赏茢喑雠c此觀點(diǎn)相反的選項(xiàng)為A“貧困人口數(shù)量的短期增加可能表明就業(yè)崗位不足，因?yàn)闊o(wú)法接受就業(yè)的人員的基數(shù)大致保持不變?！保x項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項(xiàng)successor“繼承者”；C選項(xiàng)breeder“飼養(yǎng)員，繁殖者”；D選項(xiàng)predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人類祖先的說(shuō)法嗎?選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Ifeachrepresentativepresentheremakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe（

）morethananhour.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expanded

B.prolonged

C.delayed

D.exceeded

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張”；B選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)delay“延遲”；D選項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò)”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一樣發(fā)言，會(huì)議將延長(zhǎng)一個(gè)多小時(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum（）andmaximumspeed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞解析。A選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”；B選項(xiàng)automation“自動(dòng)化”；C選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率；頻繁”；D選項(xiàng)bureaucracy“官僚主義”。句意：我們真沒料想當(dāng)?shù)卣故侨绱酥v效率，所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度進(jìn)行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的辦事效率高”，可以說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在政府中一些官僚主義減少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

AtBuffaloCreek,WestVirginia,amakeshiftdamatacoalminesitecollapsedwithalossofmorethan100lives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.massive

C.crude

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fragile易碎的，易損的B.massive巨大的，大而重的

C.crude粗略的，簡(jiǎn)略的D.temporary暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】makeshift的意思為“臨時(shí)替代的，權(quán)宜的”，用來(lái)形容dam，指的是煤礦工地的臨時(shí)大壩，temporary與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在西弗吉尼亞州的布法羅溪，某個(gè)煤礦工地的臨時(shí)大壩倒塌，造成100多人死亡。

15.單選題

Ifearlyhumans（

）asmuchastheydid,theyprobably（

）toevolveintodifferentspecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue

B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued

C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued

D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】由題干句末“進(jìn)化成不同物種可知”，本題考查虛擬條件句。題干中的主語(yǔ)是earlyhumans“早期的人類”，說(shuō)明這是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動(dòng)，團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生；B選項(xiàng)originate“起源于，來(lái)自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項(xiàng)commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時(shí)期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時(shí)代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

17.翻譯題

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長(zhǎng)期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代國(guó)家中，絕對(duì)不受外來(lái)影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國(guó)的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)寫道：“任何國(guó)家的文明，來(lái)自外來(lái)影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國(guó)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國(guó)文化中任何受外國(guó)影響或來(lái)源于外國(guó)的東西剔除掉，那么，英國(guó)的文化就所剩無(wú)幾了?！?/p>

事實(shí)也近乎如此。中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動(dòng)。漢唐文化對(duì)朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國(guó)家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠(yuǎn)的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學(xué)成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當(dāng)代中國(guó)人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

18.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besure