考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分校考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

問題1選項

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：（）殖民主義者們設(shè)法消滅全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地區(qū)的。因此，A項aboriginal符合句意。

2.單選題

Aftertheconcert,theclean-upcrewfoundtheground（）withpapers,bottlesandcans.

問題1選項

A.scrubbed

B.used

C.littered

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項scrubbed“擦洗；廢止；揉搓”；B選項used“用”；C選項littered“亂丟；給……墊褥草；把……弄得亂七八糟；亂扔廢棄物”；D選項dispersed“分散；傳播”。句意：音樂會結(jié)束后，清掃人員發(fā)現(xiàn)地上布滿包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐。本句表示“包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐被亂扔在地上”，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

問題1選項

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。uncertainty后面的句子正是作為同位語用來修飾這個先行詞，而只有whether可以表示“不確定性”，因此C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項snatchup“奪取，猛然抓住”；B選項summonup“鼓起（勇氣），使出（力氣），喚起”；C選項catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；D選項watchout“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推測前面指他沒聽明白我說的話，因此選C。句意：John說他沒有太明白，要我重復(fù)我下我所說的話。

5.單選題

Thenumber30onaroadsign（

）thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.

問題1選項

A.forecasts

B.signifies

C.illuminates

D.characterize

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。forecast預(yù)測，預(yù)示；signify；表示，意味著；illuminate闡明；.characterize具有...的特征。句意：路牌上的數(shù)字30表示限速30英里每小時。選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).

ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.

Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.

Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.

Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.

1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?

2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?

3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.

4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat

（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades

.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.

問題1選項

A.Enjoy.

B.Overlook.

C.Investigate.

D.Understand.

問題2選項

A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.

B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.

C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.

D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.

問題3選項

A.overestimatesthejobmarket

B.failstoaccountforformergraduates

C.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobs

D.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s

問題4選項

A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinking

B.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobs

C.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanities

D.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong

問題5選項

A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessors

B.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudents

C.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountries

D.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms

問題6選項

A.aremoredesirablethaneverbefore

B.willcatertomiddle-classstudents

C.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajors

D.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).（每個人都知道英語系有麻煩了，但是在你讀到來自現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會(MLA)的報告之前，你很難理解到底有多大的麻煩。）”句中appreciate與句中know為同義詞，即“理解，明白”的意思。從而得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位在原文第二段第一句到第二句。根據(jù)“today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.（如今，獲得博士學(xué)位可能需要近十年的時間，而且，在你的課程結(jié)束時，你不太可能找到一個終身職位。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MLAreport”將信息點定位至原文第三段最后一句。根據(jù)“Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.（但這還不包括過去幾年來仍在找工作的數(shù)千名失業(yè)畢業(yè)生。）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird”“overlytheoreticalapproach”“teachingopportunitieshavedisappeared”（一些批評家認為人文學(xué)科已經(jīng)變得太奇怪了，“過于理論化的方法”，“教學(xué)機會已經(jīng)消失了”）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.（從本質(zhì)上講，大學(xué)變得不那么精英化，而是更加職業(yè)化。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness（大學(xué)不得不提供更多以職業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的專業(yè)，比如商科）”“humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity（人文學(xué)系發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在遠離大學(xué)的中心）”即可得出本題答案。

7.單選題

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

問題1選項

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

問題2選項

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

問題3選項

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

問題4選項

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

問題5選項

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司對來應(yīng)聘的黑人進行血液檢測（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），選項A符合題意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方發(fā)言人強調(diào)這種做法不是歧視，而是在幫助他們避免潛在的疾病威脅（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），選項A符合題意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美國做基因篩查的先鋒（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推測出一些公司并不想做這個篩查。選項C符合題意。

4.題干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex復(fù)雜的，thick濃的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到實際上很多攜帶者可以很積極地生活并且不會有任何癥狀。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Iamcautiously（）thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.hostile

C.cynical

D.doubtful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic“樂觀的”；hostile“敵對的”；cynical“憤世嫉俗的”；doubtful“可疑的”。句意：對于新政府是否會關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，我持謹慎的______態(tài)度。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息cautiously可知選項A符合題意，“樂觀態(tài)度”。

9.單選題

Sincethecountryhasbeensufferingfrom（）financialcrisisinthelasttwodecades,thedomesticmarketalwaysfluctuates.

問題1選項

A.intermittent

B.irregular

C.random

D.queer

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:intermittent“間歇的；斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；B:irregular“不規(guī)則的”；C:random“隨機的”；D:queer“奇怪的，反常的”。句意：由于該國在過去二十年中一直遭受間歇性的金融危機，國內(nèi)市場總是波動。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

10.不定項選擇題

SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcoloniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-century.ProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallypreventedsuchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomicopportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed-thattotalkaboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategoriessuchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignationslike“thebettersort”.Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfewinstancesofopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

Havingsaidthis,however,onemustaddthatthereismuchevidencetosupportthefurtherclaimofrecenthistoriansthatsectionalconflictswerecommonbetween1763and1789.“ThePaxtonBoys”incidentandtheRegulatormovementarerepresentativeexamplesofthewidespread,andjustified,discontentofwesternsettlersagainstcolonialorstategovernmentsdominatedbyeasterninterests.Althoughundertonesofclassconflictexistedbeneathsuchhostility,theoppositionwasprimarilygeographical.Sectionalconflict-whichalsoexistedbetweenNorthandSouth-deservesfurtherinvestigation.

Insummary,historiansmustbecarefulaboutthekindofconflicttheyemphasizeineighteenth-centuryAmerica.Yetthosewhostresstheachievementofageneralconsensusamongthecolonistscannotfullyunderstandthatconsensuswithoutunderstandingtheconflictsthathadtobeovercomeorrepressedinordertoreachit.

1.TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.

5.Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardandBecker”(lines5-6)inorderto____.

問題1選項

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.

問題2選項

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.

問題3選項

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.

問題4選項

A.IandIVonly

B.IIandIIIonly

C.IIIandIVonly

D.I,II,andIIIonly

E.I,II,III,andIV

問題5選項

A.isolatethetwohistorianswhoseworkismostrepresentativeoftheviewpointsofProgressivehistorians

B.emphasizetheneedtofindconnectionsbetweenrecenthistoricalwritingandtheworkofearlierhistorians

C.makeacasefortheimportanceoftheviewsoftheProgressivehistoriansconcerningeighteenth-centuryAmericanlife

D.suggestthatProgressivehistorianswerethefirsttodiscovertheparticularinternalconflictsineighteenth-centuryAmericanlifementionedinthepassage

E.pointouthistorianswhoseviewsofhistoryanticipatedsomeoftheviewsoftherecenthistoriansmentionedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?關(guān)于1763年至1789年美國殖民政府或州政府的代表性，作者建議下列哪個選項？

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.A.政府沒有充分代表西部地區(qū)人民的利益。

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.B.政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益。

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.C.政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性。

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.D.政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟階級的利益所支配。

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.E.北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段，該處講到“1763年至1789年間，派系沖突很常見”，還講“西方定居者普遍而合理地不滿于由東方利益主導(dǎo)的殖民地或州政府”。換言之，政府沒有充分地代表西方的利益。比對選項，A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益”，倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性，但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”，因此更多地代表地區(qū)性利益，B選項屬于反向干擾；

C選項“政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性”，文中沒有提到，C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟階級的利益所支配”，文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

E選項“北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性”，文中倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“區(qū)域沖突——也存在于北方和南方之間——值得進一步調(diào)查?！辈]有直接說明，因此屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?根據(jù)文章，下列哪項是關(guān)于美國1763年至1789年之間地區(qū)沖突的真實陳述？

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.A.這些沖突是由東方利益集團反對西方定居者挑起的。

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.B.這些沖突是美國最嚴重的沖突。

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.C.這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達的階級對立。

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.D.這些沖突中含有階級敵對的成分。

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.E.這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段，該處講到“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性，但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”。換言之，這種沖突含有隱蔽的階級性。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“這些沖突是由東方利益集團反對西方定居者挑起的”，文中倒數(shù)第二段說西方定居者不滿東方，且并沒有說這些沖突是由東方利益集團挑起的。A選項為相反選項，屬于無中生有；

B選項“這些沖突是美國最嚴重的沖突”，并沒有說是最嚴重的沖突。B選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達的階級對立”，文中提到“在紐約以外，公開表達階級對立的例子卻很少”，C選項屬于反向干擾；

E選項“這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的”，文中提到東西區(qū)域沖突是由不滿足利益引起的。所以并不是由階級沖突引起的。E選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?從文章中可以推斷出，作者最可能同意下列哪項關(guān)于美國革命戰(zhàn)爭期間的社會經(jīng)濟階級和對反叛和保皇黨事業(yè)的支持的陳述？

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.A.確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準確的方法。

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.B.認定一個人是叛逆者或?；逝傻某蓡T并不一定表明這個人的特定社會經(jīng)濟階層。

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.C.叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管?；逝缮鐣?jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少。

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.D.叛軍和?；逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管?；逝芍饕缮蠈与A級的成員組成。

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.E.叛軍和?；庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了?；庶h。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段，該處講到“新的證據(jù)表明，?；庶h像反叛者一樣，來自所有社會經(jīng)濟階層”。換言之，社會經(jīng)濟階層大幅度參與了兩派，兩黨都有來自社會經(jīng)濟階層的人。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準確的方法”，文中只是說社會經(jīng)濟階層開始在兩黨之間流動。A選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管?；逝缮鐣?jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少”，文中沒有提到保皇派社會經(jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少，C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“叛軍和?；逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管?；逝芍饕缮蠈与A級的成員組成”，文中提到“盡管許多歷史學(xué)家接受了早期的假設(shè)，即保皇黨代表上層階級，但新的證據(jù)表明，?；庶h像反叛者一樣，來自所有社會經(jīng)濟階層”，該選項無中生有；

E選項“叛軍和?；庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了?；庶h”，文中沒有說到上層叛軍加入了?；庶h，E選項無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.這篇文章表明，作者可能同意下列關(guān)于18世紀美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述中的哪一種？

1.它帶來了更多的經(jīng)濟機會，而不是社會流動性。

2.它使得1750年之前的經(jīng)濟機會比1750年之后更多。

3.它沒有包含嚴格定義的社會經(jīng)濟劃分。

4.它防止了社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟糾紛。

A.IandIVonlyA.只有I和IV

B.IIandIIIonlyB.僅限II及III

C.IIIandIVonlyC.僅III及IV

D.I,II,andIIIonlyD.只有I,II和III

E.I,II,III,andIVE.I,II,III,和IV

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知在18世紀美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩黨中都有社會經(jīng)濟階層。這有利于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，叛軍和?；庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，沒有嚴格的社會經(jīng)濟劃分。因此II和III正確。選B。

【干擾項排除】

I中，不僅帶來更多的社會發(fā)展機會，而且促進了社會流動性。因為文中說到社會結(jié)構(gòu)事實上是如此具有流動性（Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatistics）。所以I錯誤。

IV中，防止社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟糾紛，兩黨之間都有不同的社會經(jīng)濟階層成員，不可能沒有經(jīng)濟糾紛。所以IV錯誤。

5.【選項釋義】

Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardandBecker”(Paragraph.1)inorderto____.作者提到“像比爾德和貝克這樣的歷史學(xué)家”（第一段）最有可能是為了____。

A.isolatethetwohistorianswhoseworkismostrepresentativeoftheviewpointsofProgressivehistoriansA.將這兩位歷史學(xué)家分離出來，這兩位歷史學(xué)家的作品最能代表進步歷史學(xué)家的觀點

B.emphasizetheneedtofindconnectionsbetweenrecenthistoricalwritingandtheworkofearlierhistoriansB.強調(diào)在近期的歷史著作和早期歷史學(xué)家的著作之間找到聯(lián)系的必要性

C.makeacasefortheimportanceoftheviewsoftheProgressivehistoriansconcerningeighteenth-centuryAmericanlifeC.說明進步派歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于18世紀美國生活的觀點的重要性

D.suggestthatProgressivehistorianswerethefirsttodiscovertheparticularinternalconflictsineighteenth-centuryAmericanlifementionedinthepassageD.認為進步派歷史學(xué)家是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中提到的18世紀美國生活中特殊的內(nèi)部沖突的人

E.pointouthistorianswhoseviewsofhistoryanticipatedsomeoftheviewsoftherecenthistoriansmentionedinthepassageE.指出一些歷史學(xué)家，他們的歷史觀點優(yōu)于文章中提到的一些近期歷史學(xué)家的觀點

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1題干信息可定位到第一段，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話和第二段第一句話可知作者認為“最強調(diào)的沖突是階級沖突”。結(jié)合第二段的內(nèi)容，作者提到“盡管這些歷史學(xué)家中的許多人接受了早期的假設(shè)，即效忠者代表上層階級，但新的證據(jù)表明，效忠者和叛軍一樣，來自所有社會經(jīng)濟階層。盡管如此，加入忠誠者的富人比例可能比加入叛軍的富人比例更高。從叛軍方面看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明下層叛軍與上層叛軍發(fā)生沖突?！币约啊笆聦嵣?，反對英國的戰(zhàn)爭傾向于壓制階級沖突”可知作者認為殖民者和被殖民者之間的沖突優(yōu)于階級沖突。所以可知作者更支持第一段第一句話這些歷史學(xué)家的觀點“最近一些歷史學(xué)家認為，從1763年到1789年，在美國的英國殖民地生活的特點是殖民者之間的內(nèi)部沖突”，引用了Beard和Becker等歷史學(xué)家的觀點是為了表明認為殖民者沖突的歷史學(xué)家的觀點比文章中提到的近期歷史學(xué)家Beard和Becker等歷史學(xué)家的觀點更有先見之明。比對選項，E選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此E選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“將這兩位歷史學(xué)家分離出來，這兩位歷史學(xué)家的作品最能代表進步歷史學(xué)家的觀點”，A選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“強調(diào)在近期的歷史著作和早期歷史學(xué)家的著作之間找到聯(lián)系的必要性”，文中沒有提到歷史著作，B選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“說明進步派歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于18世紀美國生活的觀點的重要性”，文中沒有提到它的重要性。C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“認為進步派歷史學(xué)家是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中提到的18世紀美國生活中特殊的內(nèi)部沖突的人”，文中沒有提及，D選項無中生有。

11.不定項選擇題

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere”.

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Sayshe,“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’regotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppli