考研考博-英語-南通科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Atnight,carsoften（

）smallanimalsthatareblindedbytheheadlights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runover

B.heldup

C.tookapart

D.droveat

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。runover碾過；holdup舉起；takeapart拆開；driveat用意所在。

句意：晚上，汽車經(jīng)常碾過被車頭燈照懵了的小動物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Governmentloanshavebeenthe______ofseveralshakybusinesscompanies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tornado

B.salvation

C.delinquency

D.momentum

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tornado龍卷風(fēng)，旋風(fēng)，暴風(fēng)B.salvation拯救，救助

C.delinquency行為不良；違法犯罪D.momentum勢頭；動力

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Governmentloans（政府貸款）和shakybusinesscompanies（瀕臨倒閉的公司）可知，是政府貸款拯救了這些快倒閉的公司，B項(xiàng)詞義符合句子意思。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】政府貸款拯救了幾家瀕臨倒閉的公司。

3.單選題

Sobadly（

）inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjured

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：他在車禍里傷得太厲害了，以至于他不得不在醫(yī)院待了幾個(gè)月。sothat句子中，so位于句首時(shí)句子需要部分倒裝，B、D排除；答案選C。

4.單選題

Thecommandersaidtohistroopsthatundernocircumstances（）tostepacrosstheborder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theenemyshouldbeallowed

B.shouldtheenemybeallowed

C.shouldallowtheenemy

D.theenemyshouldallow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝。帶有否定意義的短語，其主謂部分要倒裝，首先向排除選項(xiàng)A和D。不被允許表被動，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：指揮官對他的部隊(duì)說，在任何情況下都不允許敵人跨越邊境。

5.單選題

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly（

）ifthefederalgovernment,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,hadquicklymarshaledthepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharitythatclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayhavebeenaverted

B.couldhavebeenaverted

C.mayhaveaverted

D.couldhaveaverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可以判斷本題考查虛擬語氣，空格后為if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。當(dāng)條件句為過去完成時(shí)表示對過去的虛擬時(shí)，主句為would/could/should/might+havedone形式，排除A和C。主句的主語是disaster，與動詞avert之間形成被動關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionmakesforequalityandthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecases—weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“Monism”—butwedon'twanttoexchangeitfora"neo-Popism".Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—northeblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzeman'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.

1.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasksbythemotherandthefatheristhat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather'sroleinthehomeis

（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

4.Theauthorstatesthatbringingupchildren

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theroleofthefathermaybecomeaninferiorone

B.theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferiorone

C.thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeisabattleofsexes

D.sharingleadstoconstantarguing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.minorbecauseheisanineffectualparent

B.irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

C.pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild

D.identicaltotheroleofthechild'smother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ahealthy,cooperativefamilyisabasicingredientofahealthysociety.

B.Menarebasicallyopposedtosharinghouseholdchores.

C.Divisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiesisworkableonlyintheory.

D.Awoman'splaceisinthehomenowasalways.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ismainlythemother'sjob

B.belongsamongthedutiesofthefather

C.isthejobofschoolsandchurches

D.involvesapartnershipofequals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americanfamiliesthatarerunbywomenarehappier.

B.TherolesofmenandwomenwillalwaysbeunequalintheAmericanhousehold.

C.Bothmenandwomenplayanimportantroleinahealthyfamily.

D.Womenshouldallowmentodomostoftheworkinthehome.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的第一句Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.（在一個(gè)男女角色不明顯分開，許多家務(wù)或多或少分擔(dān)的家庭中，男子優(yōu)越的觀念很難維持）可知A選項(xiàng)“父親角色重要性會變低”符合題意。

2.三段中的Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzeman'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.（然而，我們開始分析男性在家里的地位，并堅(jiān)持他在家有一席之地，而且這個(gè)地位和孩子的健康成長不無關(guān)系）可知C選項(xiàng)“與兒童健康發(fā)展有關(guān)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后兩段中的Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise...andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily（家庭是一個(gè)合作的企業(yè)……平等的權(quán)利和平等的責(zé)任的理想不僅與健康的民主有關(guān)，而且與健康的家庭有關(guān)）可知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)健康、合作的家庭是一個(gè)健康社會的基本要素”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinentnotonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily（平等權(quán)利和平等責(zé)任的理想不僅與健康的民主有關(guān)，而且與健康的家庭有關(guān)）可知平等在家庭中的重要性，因此D選項(xiàng)“涉及平等的伙伴關(guān)系”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞男性與女性在家庭中的地位展開討論，得出健康的家庭需要男女平等的關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)健康的家庭中，男性和女性都扮演很重要的角色”符合題意。

7.單選題

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。介詞with可引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動作或補(bǔ)充說明。A選項(xiàng)：動詞不定式常作目的狀語或表示將來的動作，不能引出陪襯性動作；B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)這兩種形式不屬于非謂語動詞，排除；C選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示陪襯性動作，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

WhenthenovelistJodiPicoultwasapproachedtowriteafewinstallmentsofthe"WonderWoman"comicsseries,herfirst_______wastotakethecharacteroutofhertrademark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspiracy

B.subversion

C.impulse

D.dissipation

【答案】C

【解析】conspiracy共謀,陰謀;subversion顛覆,破壞;impulse推動,剌激;dissipation消散,分散。句意：當(dāng)小說家JodiPicoult被邀請為《神奇女俠》系列漫畫寫一些情節(jié)時(shí),她的第一個(gè)想法就是把這個(gè)角色從自己的性格特征中脫離出來。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Thewordsofhisoldteacherlefta______impressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lasting

B.liberal

C.long

D.lively

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B選項(xiàng)liberal“開明的；大方的”；C選項(xiàng)long“長時(shí)間的”；D選項(xiàng)lively“活躍熱情的；充滿趣味的”。句意：他以前的老師的話給他留下了______印象。他仍然受到他們的影響。根據(jù)語境，很長的時(shí)間以后他都受老師言語的影響，lastingimpression為固定短語，A選項(xiàng)lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

BernardFoucault（）in1851thattheearthisrotating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoproved

B.proved

C.heproved

D.itwasproved

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析句子可知，主語是BernardFoucault，空格后面有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，因此空格處只需要填入一個(gè)謂語動詞，故選B項(xiàng)。句意：伯納德??？略?851年證明了地球是旋轉(zhuǎn)的。

11.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.Thepercentageisevenhigheramongpeoplewhoworkinmanagement（4）aswellasstudentsaroundexam-time.Thismaybeduetotheirheightened（5）tostress.

Symptomsincludea（6）ofenergy,depression,slowreactions,insomnia,agitationand（7）memory.Othersymptomsincludeshortnessofbreath,sweatingandachinginthewaistandlegs.

Accordingtosomemedicalexperts,the（8）topreventingandrecoveringfromsub-healthistoformgoodlivinghabits.（9）workwithrest,exerciseregularly,andtakepartin（10）airactivitieswillallhelp.

Asformeals,peopleare（11）toeatlesssaltandsugar.Theyshouldalsoeatmorefreshvegetables,fruitsandfishbecausetheyarerichinnutritious（12）,suchasvitamins,whichare（13）tothebody.

Nutritionexpertspointoutthatitisnotgoodtoeattoomuchatonemealbecauseitmaycause（14）changesinthedigestivetract.Theyalsosaythata（15）dietisveryhelpfulinavoidingsub-health.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

position

define

forgetful

fancy

key

balance

importance

unhealthy

lack

subject

open

plenty

exposure

alternate

element

state

require

poor

advise

indispensable

【答案】1.fancy

2.state

3.defined

4.position

5.exposure

6.lack

7.poor

8.key

9.alternate

10.open

11.advised

12.elements

13.indispensable

14.unhealthy

15.balanced

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意可知，這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞來修飾醫(yī)院的設(shè)備，據(jù)常識推斷，醫(yī)院的設(shè)備都是很昂貴的，fancy有昂貴的意思。

2.這里為固定搭配，astateof指處于某種狀態(tài)，原文指處于亞健康的狀態(tài)。

3.根據(jù)原文可知這里是對亞健康的定義，...被定義為用被動語態(tài)，所以這里應(yīng)填入defined。

4.inmanagementposition指在管理崗位上。原文句意：在管理崗位上人員和應(yīng)試的學(xué)生中，這一比例甚至更高。

5.exposureto指暴露，顯露。原文句意：這可能是由于他們更多地暴露于壓力的環(huán)境之下。

6.本句是講亞健康的癥狀，根據(jù)后面的描述可知這里指缺乏活力。alackof為固定搭配。

7.本題與上一題相同，都是亞健康的狀態(tài)，poormemory為常見搭配，指記性差，健忘。

8.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指預(yù)防和恢復(fù)亞健康的關(guān)鍵，thekeyto為固定搭配。

9.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指工作和休息交替進(jìn)行。alternate符合原文。

10.根據(jù)原文可以推測，這里指戶外運(yùn)動。openair指露天的，戶外的。

11.advisesB.todosth.建議某人做某事的被動表達(dá)為sB.beadvisedtodosth.，所以這里應(yīng)填入被動形式。

12.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指水果蔬菜和魚含有豐富的營養(yǎng)元素，比如維他命。元素為可數(shù)名詞，所以要加s.

13.根據(jù)句意可知，維他命是人體必不可少的元素之一。indispensable相對于required要更恰當(dāng)。

14.根據(jù)常識可推斷，吃太多是不好的，因?yàn)樗鼤?dǎo)致消化道產(chǎn)生不健康的變化。所以這里應(yīng)填入unhealthy.

15.根據(jù)下文的helpful可推測，這里指健康的飲食。abalanceddiet為常見用法，意為均衡飲食。

12.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對方,所以爭論就難以避免。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

13.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineveryoneexcept____?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ingredients（烹飪的）原料B.elements要素

C.components組成部分D.compounds混合物

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“為什么素食餐廳除了____以外，所有的菜都像肉？”根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)的意思推測，這句話指的是素食餐廳的菜除了原料都像肉，A選項(xiàng)ingredients“（烹飪的）原料”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)elements“要素”，側(cè)重于指某物的必要部分或基礎(chǔ)部分；

C選項(xiàng)components“組成部分”，泛指某物的組成部分；

D選項(xiàng)compounds“混合物”，指由兩種或兩種以上元素組成的物質(zhì)。

【句意】為什么素食餐廳除了原料以外，所有的菜都像肉？

14.單選題

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)elaborate“詳細(xì)說明，闡述；詳盡計(jì)劃（常與on連用）”；B選項(xiàng)interrupt“中斷；打斷；插嘴；妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)explain“說明；解釋”；D選項(xiàng)emphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重”。句意：這位演講者離開他的正文，去詳盡闡述明顯讓他的觀眾感興趣的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmore

B.asmuchas

C.thatasmuchofthat

D.asmuchasthatof

【答案】B

【解析】考查平行結(jié)構(gòu)。平行結(jié)構(gòu)指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)對等的詞或者對等的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.所連接的謂語形式必須一致，2.所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致，3.連接的非謂語動詞的形式必須一致；整個(gè)題干有省略的部分，把句子展開Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意：去年花在社會保險(xiǎn)上的錢是十年前花在社會保險(xiǎn)上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)themoney與省略的that平行，spentonsocialinsurancelastyear與省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A選項(xiàng)：muchmore后邊接多音節(jié)形容詞或者副詞，也能接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，more是much或者many的比較級，代入后不符合題干；C，D選項(xiàng)代入后可以看到that重復(fù)，破壞平行結(jié)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)代入后符合平行結(jié)構(gòu)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

—Youforgotyourkeyswhenyoulefthomeinthemorning.

—Goodheavens,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sodidI.

B.soIdid.

C.soyoudid.

D.sodidyou.

【答案】B

【解析】句意:早上，你離開家的時(shí)候，忘記拿鑰匙了。天啦，是的！

語法題。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一個(gè)人。根據(jù)句意關(guān)系，后句是表示同意上文陳述的內(nèi)容，而第一句主句的動詞是forgot（過去時(shí)），因此“soldid”表示“確實(shí)”，符合句意和結(jié)構(gòu)，助動詞需與前文保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Immigrantsofallracesinthisareaaredemandingthattheyreceive()treatmentfromtheauthorities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unique

B.united

C.uniform

D.universal

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)所有種族的移民都要求得到當(dāng)局的統(tǒng)一對待。unique獨(dú)一無二的；united團(tuán)結(jié)的，統(tǒng)一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和大腦的起源，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(諸如水螅和海葵等腔腸動物)。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“腔腸動物”正確。

第3題:詞義題。對于短語“tookto”的理解可參考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先進(jìn)的哺乳動物，如猴子、猿和人類（靈長類動物）的大腦是由祖先進(jìn)化而來的，它們…在樹上生活)，taketo本意為“開始從事”。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的魚相比最大的昆蟲有更大的頭腦)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“大腦”正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:由文章可知，什么有助于協(xié)調(diào)哺乳動物復(fù)雜的身體活動?倒數(shù)第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同時(shí)，后腦獲得了巨大的小腦來協(xié)調(diào)復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“小腦”正確。

19.單選題

Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen（）towardsproducingworkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harnessed

B.hatched

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。geartoward“專門朝向某事發(fā)展”。句意：自工業(yè)主義出現(xiàn)以來，教育一直專門生產(chǎn)工人。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

Nowastothematteroflying,youwanttobeverycarefulaboutlying;otherwiseyouarenearlysuretogetcaught.Oncecaught,youcanneveragainbe,intheeyesofthegoodandpure,whatyouwerebefore.Manyayoungpersonhasinjuredhimselfpermanentlythroughasingleclumsyandill-finishedlie,theresultofcarelessnessbornofincompletetraining.Someauthoritiesholdthattheyoungoughtnottolieatall.That,ofcourse,isputtingitratherstrongerthannecessary;stillwhilelcannotgoquitesofarasthat,Idomaintain,andIbelieveIamright,thattheyoungoughttobetemperateintheuseofthisgreatartuntilpracticeandexperienceshallgivethemthatconfidence,eleganceandprecisionwhichalonecanmaketheaccomplishmentgracefulandprofitable.Practice,diligence,painstakingattentiontodetail—thesearerequirements;theseintime,willmakethestudentperfect;uponthese,andupontheseonly,mayherelyasthesurefoundationforfutureeminence.Thinkwhattediousyearsofstudy,thought,practice,experience,wenttotheequipmentofthatpeerlessoldmasterwhowasabletoimposeuponthewholeworldtheloftyandsoundingmaximthat“Truthismightyandwillprevail”—themostmajesticcompoundfractureoffactwhichanyofwomanbornhasyetachieved.Forthehistoryofourrace,andeachindividual’sexperience,aresownthickwithevidencethatatruthisnothardtokillandalietoldwellisimmortal.ThereisinBostonamonumentofthemanwhodiscoveredanesthesia.

【答案】現(xiàn)在要是說到說謊，你必須要非常小心地說謊；否則你幾乎肯定會被抓。在善良和純潔的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的樣子了。許多年輕人就因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)笨拙的、沒有完成的謊言而永久地傷害了自己，這是缺乏訓(xùn)練而導(dǎo)致的粗心的結(jié)果。一些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為，年輕人根本不應(yīng)該撒謊。當(dāng)然，這是一種過于強(qiáng)烈的表達(dá)；盡管我不能做到那樣，我還是會堅(jiān)持，我相信我是對的，年輕人在運(yùn)用這門偉大的藝術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)該有節(jié)制，直到實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)會給他們帶來自信、優(yōu)雅和精確，而只有這些才能使你優(yōu)雅而有益地完成這門藝術(shù)。實(shí)踐、勤奮、對細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)心——這些都是要求；這些假以時(shí)日，會使學(xué)生臻于完美；在這些基礎(chǔ)上，也只有在這些基礎(chǔ)上，他才能作為未來顯赫的可靠基礎(chǔ)。想想看，這位舉世無雙的老大師，經(jīng)過多年枯燥乏味的學(xué)習(xí)、思考、實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才得以把“真理是強(qiáng)大的，并且將會獲勝”這句崇高而響亮的格言傳遍全世界——這是迄今為止任何一位女性所取得的最宏偉的復(fù)合斷裂事實(shí)。因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟惖臍v史和每個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷都布滿了證據(jù)，證明真理不難消滅，而講得好的謊言則是不朽的。波士頓有一座紀(jì)念麻醉術(shù)發(fā)明者的紀(jì)念碑。

21.單選題

Theprodigalson（

）hislargeinheritanceinafewyearsofheavyspending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inherited

B.received

C.accumulated

D.dissipated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。inherit“繼承”；receive“收到；接待”；accumulate“積攢”；dissipate“浪費(fèi)；使……消散”。句意：那個(gè)花錢大手大腳的敗家子短短幾年就把那一大筆遺產(chǎn)揮霍掉了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散；消散”；C選項(xiàng)dissipate“驅(qū)散；放蕩”；D選項(xiàng)drain“逐漸消失；流干”。句意：在做同樣的工作四年后，他的激情逐漸消失了。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Coloradostatelawmakerswilldebateabill,whichwilltreatcyber-bullyingas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humiliation

B.hypocrisy

C.hierarchy

D.harassment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)humiliation表示“恥辱，侮辱”；B選項(xiàng)hypocrisy表示“虛偽，偽善”；C選項(xiàng)hierarchy表示“層級，等級制度”；D選項(xiàng)harassment表示“騷擾，煩惱”。由treat…as…可知，空缺處部分應(yīng)為cyber-bullying（網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌）的近義詞，所以harassment的詞義最符合，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

24.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ingenious意為“精巧的，巧妙的，機(jī)敏的”；ambitious意為“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意為“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”。

句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。

25.單選題

Themenwerefullof（）becausetheythoughttheirfriendshadbeenunjustlypunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diagnosis

B.indigestion

C.indignation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些人非常憤怒，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為他們的朋友受到了不公正的懲罰。

考查名詞辨析。diagnosis診斷，結(jié)論；indigestion消化不良，難理解；indignation憤怒，憤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。

26.單選題

Priorto1905,spaceandtimewerecomfortableabsolutes.Over250yearsofpracticalexperienceandexperimentationhadfirmlyestablishedthesupremacyofthephysicsofSirIsaacNewton.ThepictureoftheuniversepaintedbyNewtonwasoneofamazingclarityandpracticalvalue.Themotionsofprojectiles,Pendulums,steamengines,andevendistantplanetscouldbereadilyexplainedusingthebrilliant17thcenturyphysicist'stheories.However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.

WhilesearchingforasolutiontothefailureofthenowfamousMichelson-Morelyexperiment,AlbertEinstein(wholeftGermanywhen,theNazistookpower,andbecameanAmericancitizenin1940)discoveredhisSpecial,TheoryofRelativity.Afewyearslater,heexplainedhistheoryintoanall-encompassinggrandviewoftheuniverse.HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.TheGeneralTheoryofRelativitydescribesfourdimensionaluniverseinwhichthethreespatialdimensionsarecoupledwithafourth,time.Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.

Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.ShortlyafterpublicationoftheGeneralTheory,physicistsbegantoexplorethisstrangenewworld.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingphenomenadidEinsteindescribeinhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity,whichwasnotexplainedbyNewton'stheory?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthesimplicityoftheexampleofbowlingballandrubbersheettodescribeEinstein'stheorythat（

）.

4.Theword“analogy"inline21isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theauthorgivesasynonymforwhichofthefollowingwords?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AlbertEinstein'slifeandachievements

B.TheSpecialTheoryofRelativity

C.Landmarksinunderstandingtheuniverse

D.HowEinsteinchangedthewaywelookattheuniverse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thenatureofgravity

B.AsolutiontotheMichelson-Morleyexperiment

C.Themotionsofdistantplanets

D.Howlightcouldtravelinavacuum

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thiswashowEinsteinreachedhisconclusions

B.Einsteinusedthisexampletoexplainhistheorytostudents

C.anytheoryisjustawayoftryingtoexplainsomethingforwhich,thereisnocertainty:soasimpleexampleissufficient

D.thetheoryissocomplexthatamoredetailedexamplewouldnotallowmostpeopletoquicklyunderstandthegeneralidea

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.story

B.example

C.explanation

D.similarity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Phenomena(line6)

B.Warp(line16)

C.Gravity(line17)

D.Space(line21)

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.試題解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段提出一些現(xiàn)象可以用牛頓的理論進(jìn)行解釋，然而還是有一些現(xiàn)象沒有得到滿意的科學(xué)解釋；第二段引出了愛因斯坦的相對論；第三段舉例進(jìn)行解釋。因此B選項(xiàng)“狹義相對論”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.（然而，某些現(xiàn)象，包括光如何能夠在真空中傳播以及重力的確切本質(zhì)，仍然沒有得到令人滿意的科學(xué)解釋）和第二段中的HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.（他的廣義相對論首先描述了重力的本質(zhì)）可知牛頓的理論沒有解釋重力的本質(zhì)，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.（重力被證明不是某種不可預(yù)見的神秘力量結(jié)果，而是作為空間本身曲度的結(jié)果。所有物質(zhì)，從最小的亞原子粒子，到質(zhì)量最大的星系，都會產(chǎn)生這種曲度）和第三段中的Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.（這個(gè)想法經(jīng)常通過把空間描述成橡皮片來解釋，像太陽這樣的物體就好比一個(gè)保齡球。如果把球放在橡膠片上，膠片就會在球的重量下彎曲，從而形成一個(gè)重力）可知是用一個(gè)簡單的來解釋這個(gè)符合的理論，因此選D。

4.詞義題。根據(jù)題干信息“analogy”定位至文章最后一段中，由Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.（因此，行星的軌道可以被看成是由于它們繞著太陽重力井“滾動”而產(chǎn)生的。當(dāng)然，這種……只是空間真正本質(zhì)的影子。實(shí)際上，該重力井是四維結(jié)構(gòu)）可知行星因重力而圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，說明“analogy（類比，比喻）”具有相似性，因此選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.（宇宙中任何有質(zhì)量的物體都被描述為引起了扭曲，或彎曲到時(shí)空本身的結(jié)構(gòu)中）可知warp的近義詞為curve，因此選B。

27.單選題

“Seeyou____,”shesaid,casually.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sometime

B.sometime

C.atsometime

D.sometimes

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語的用法。sometime“某個(gè)時(shí)候”；sometime“一段時(shí)間”；atsometime“在某個(gè)時(shí)間”；sometimes“有時(shí)候”。句意：她很隨意地說：“希望以后能再見”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

28.單選題

Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhaps（

）toviewingtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prone

B.legible

C.incompatible

D.prior

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。prone“有……傾向的”；legible“清晰的”；incompatible“不相容的，不能并存的”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：美國文學(xué)史家也許傾向于狹隘地看待他們國家的文學(xué)，誤把卓越當(dāng)獨(dú)特。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

29.翻譯題

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或嬌嫩，也不是大膽或謙遜的花朵的紅、黃、藍(lán)。秋天吸收了春天的所有顏色，并將它們豐富地融合和軟化為紫色、深紅色、青銅色、琥珀色和桃花心木等強(qiáng)烈的色調(diào)，或以掛毯的方式并排展示，或以豐富的新色調(diào)融合。樹木被銅色和金色染得金碧輝煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在陽光下閃著深黃的光。紅色漿果點(diǎn)綴的樹籬勾勒出的綠色長方形與整齊犁溝的農(nóng)