考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“頌詞”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“頂點(diǎn)”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他們的全盛時(shí)期，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷(xiāo)售量是本國(guó)其他所有團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷(xiāo)售量總和。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Discontentwiththecostandsometimesimpersonaldeliveryofhealthcarehasfueled

A

B

growthinalternativemedicine,nowa$14billions-a-yearindustry.

C

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sometimes

B.hasfueled

C.alternative

D.$14billions-a-year

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。主語(yǔ)為discontentwiththecost（對(duì)成本的不滿）和impersonaldeliveryofhealthcare（非個(gè)人醫(yī)療服務(wù)的提供）表示的是兩件不同的事，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

試題答案：B;havefueled

3.單選題

ForumfortheFuture,workingwithTescoandUnilever,reckonthatby2022whatwebuy,howwebuyitandwhofromwillhavechangedradically.Intheirreport,RetailFutures,theylookahead15yearstoseewhatliesinstoreforshoppersandtheretailgroups.Theyseenotonlyneworbiggerstorechains,moresprawlingretailparks,andmorepoultryproductsandpastasauces.Theirvisionsrangefrommulti-storeycarparksconvertedintocitycentreallotmentsor"verticalfarms"withproducemarketswheretheparkingpaymentboothsoncewere.toanationofstay-at-homeshopperswholettheirfingersdothewalkingtoorderinalmosteverythingtheyneedorlettheirrefrigeratorsdothetalking,withautomatic,direct-to-storereorderingandhomedeliveryeverytimeyoghurt,saladorbeerstocksrunlow.

ForumfortheFuture,asustainabledevelopmentcharityfoundedbyveteranenvironmentalistSirJonathonPorrittandwhichnowadvisesmorethan100organizationsinthepublicandprivatesector,saystherealityof2022isprobablysomewherebetweenthetwoextremes."Itwillbeamixture,"saidTomBerry,theForum'smainsustainabilityadviser.

Thehighstreetisvitaltotheeconomyandtheenvironment：nearlythreemillionpeopleworkinretailwhichgenerates6%ofUKGDP—and2.5%ofthecountry'scarbondioxideemissions.TheForumsaysstoresandretailgroupshave"adisproportionateinfluenceoversociety"asaresultofmarketingcampaignsanddailydealingswithconsumers.

TheForum'sresearchersidentifiedarangeoffactorswhichwillaffectwhatwebuy,howwebuyandwhowewillbuyfrominthenext15years.Theyinclude:climatechange,whichislikelytoaffectagriculturalproduction;higherorloweroilprices;newtechnology;advancesinenergyproduction;moreglobalizationanddemographicchangesthatwillmeanmoreimmigrantlaborandmoreelderlyandsinglepersonhouseholds.

Theycouldpromptnewshoppingformats,saystheForum,like"TescoSilver"outletswithcustomizedproductsforretiredbabyboomers.Theyalsoreckonthebellcouldbetollingforendlessaislesofutilityproductsliketoiletpaperandbinliners,whichmightonlybesoldonline,orfromautilitysectionatthebackofastore,alongsidevastvatsofliquidslikefabricconditioner,whereshopperscouldfillreusablecontainers.Thelongqueueatthecheckoutcouldalsobehistorywhenbarcodesarereadforpricesimmediatelyanitemisdroppedintoatrolley.

Theonlinerevolution,saystheForum,hasonlyjuststarted:"Wecananticipateinnovationssuchasenteringyourpostcodeforhyper-localsourcing."Consumers,however,mightalsousetheinternettocutoutthemiddlemanandsourcedirectfromfarmsandmanufacturers,soposingathreattomajorretailers".

TheexplosioninthenumberofTVchannelsandtheriseoftheinternettodownloadentertainmentmeansstorechainswillhavetoworkfarhardertobuild,andkeep,consumers'trust.Oneretailertoldtheresearchers:"Wewon'tbeabletorelyonhittingmillionsofpeopleat7:45p.m.onaWednesdaynightwithaCoronationStreetadvertisingslot."

TheForumcameupwithfourdifferentvisionsofthefuturedependingonhighorloweconomicgrowthandchangingconsumeroutlooks;whethershopperswantmoreconvenienceortodomoreforthemselves;perhapsbuyingmorelocallysourcedproductswithmoreinformationaboutwhattheirfamiliesareeatingandwearing.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

2.WhichofthefollowingbehaviorshasbeencarriedoutbyForumfortheFutureaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothereport,theshoppingscenarioforshoppersandretailersin15yearstimewillincludethefollowings,except（）

.

4.Whichofthefollowingaspectshasinfluenceonpeople'sshoppingbehaviorsaccordingtotheresearchers?

5.WhentheForumadvancesfourkindsoffutureconsumption,theconditionnottakenintoconsiderationis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thebigretailersandexpertshaveforecastanindividualistic,optimisticsocietywheretechnologyisheldinveryhighregards.

B.Thebigretailersandexpertshavegazedintothefutureandseenanewworldofshopping.

C.Thebigretailersandexpertshaverecognizedthattheeconomyisbuoyantandbigbusinesswillmetshoppers'demands.

D.Thebigretailersandexpertshavepredictedthatconsumerconfidencewillbelowandpeoplerelyonbigbusinessforsecurity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itprovidesmethodsforconsumerstomeasuretheirenergyuseandcarbonemission.

B.Itpromotescampaignsforthebigretailerstobuildupconsumerconfidence.

C.Itprovidescounselsforsomepublicandprivateorganizations.

D.Itpredictsthatthebigretailerswouldbecomemorepowerfulin2022.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.verticalfarms

B.ordersfromhomerefrigerators

C.homedelivery

D.fingersdoingthewalking

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thechangesofthepopulation.

B.Theemissionofthecountry'scarbondioxide.

C.Theemergingofthebabyboomers.

D.Therearrangementatthebackofthestores.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.smartpackageproducts

B.purchasingmorelocalproducts

C.economicgrowth

D.consumersperspectives

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,本文主要通過(guò)未來(lái)論壇來(lái)講述零售商和專(zhuān)家對(duì)未來(lái)商品銷(xiāo)售的展望和未來(lái)購(gòu)物的全新方式。所以,選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句"...whichnowadvisesmorethan100organizationsinthepublicandprivatesector,""未來(lái)論壇"是由資深環(huán)保人士JonathonPorritt爵士創(chuàng)立的一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的慈善機(jī)構(gòu),目前為100多個(gè)公共和私營(yíng)部門(mén)的組織提供咨詢服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知,消費(fèi)者和零售商在未來(lái)15年的購(gòu)物情景包括在家購(gòu)物,家用冰箱直接下單以及送貨上門(mén)。只有選項(xiàng)A"垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)"不是未來(lái)的趨勢(shì),而是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)存在的。

4.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,在未來(lái)的15年影響人們的購(gòu)物行為的因素包括氣候的變化,石油價(jià)格,新科技,能源的生產(chǎn)與發(fā)展,全球化的加大和人口變化。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,論壇提出了四種不同的未來(lái)愿景,這些愿景取決于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的快慢和消費(fèi)者觀念的變化;消費(fèi)者是想要更多的便利,還是想為自己做更多的事;又或者是購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多適合家人飲食習(xí)慣的當(dāng)?shù)靥禺a(chǎn)。只有選項(xiàng)A沒(méi)有提及,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpointsperiodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可見(jiàn)，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)翻譯為：“心理學(xué)史家對(duì)歷史研究的態(tài)度，盡管它突破了傳統(tǒng)史學(xué)方法的嚴(yán)密性和可驗(yàn)證性，但目前仍在流行”。綜合考慮，該選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：“它（即心理、歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)”可推斷出D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段沒(méi)有給出本題答案的具體信息。綜合考慮，一般人們闡述問(wèn)題的規(guī)律為：理論到實(shí)踐。故最佳答案為C項(xiàng)“過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放在同一個(gè)確定性狀態(tài)圖中”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：它（即心理歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”，中文翻譯為：“心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對(duì)正確。”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，選項(xiàng)B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，選項(xiàng)C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此選擇D項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（發(fā)生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.（例如，人們可以輕松地從白天工作到晚上工作，這是一個(gè)在自動(dòng)化工業(yè)中越來(lái)越重要的問(wèn)題，在這個(gè)行業(yè)中，要求機(jī)器全天候運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.（不幸的是，在工業(yè)中，每周都會(huì)發(fā)生變化；一個(gè)人每周可以從午夜12點(diǎn)工作到每周8點(diǎn)，第二天晚上8點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)，下午4點(diǎn)到12點(diǎn)，以此類(lèi)推）可知選B。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長(zhǎng)期的夜間工人）可知選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.（知道一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的方法是測(cè)量他的體溫。從事正常日間工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有較高的溫度，晚上則會(huì)有較低的溫度；特別是在工作表現(xiàn)方面）可知選A。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長(zhǎng)期的夜間工人）和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.（然而，到目前為止，這種選擇形式似乎還沒(méi)有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用）可知選B。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThisisWPCSuePorter’sthirdyearasamemberofAvonandSomerset’staskforce,aspecialized“hit-squad”providingsupportforhercolleagues.Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.Fromdisarmingaknifeattackertobringingroundthevictimofacarcrashsheisexpectedtoperformaswellastheboys.

Her119malecolleaguesinthesquadwoulddoubtlessrecognizethatthewords“taskforce”areusuallyassociatedwithmales.Totrytoremedythistheunitwasrenamed“supportteam”onJanuary1.Porter,26,isoneofthreewomenworkinginit.“I’mnotouttoprovesomethingbecauseI’mawoman.I’mouttobeme.Theycan’texpectanymorefrommeandiftheydothey’regoingtobedisappointed,”shesays.

Porterislessthan5ft5intallandweighsaboutninestone.Inafightshesayshercolleagueswouldprobablyfeelbetterwitha6ftwell-builtmanbehindthem.“IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.”Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.

Portersaystheviolenceisthere,nomatterwhatsexyouare.“Beingawomanmakeslittledifference.Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.Butsometimesacoupleofmenwillreactbettertoawomantellingthemtocalmdown:theyseeabigmanasagoodopportunitytofight.”

AtthestationPorterbooksinherstrugglingprisoner.Hehasnohomeaddressandisunemployed.Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.“I’llseeyouincourt,”heshoutsasheisdraggedtoacell.

Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.Itis3:30amandthereisstillthepaperworktodo.Theteamwillreassembleat7:30pmtoprepareforArsenalfanscomingintoasleepyYeovilforanFAcupmatch.Itcouldbeabusynight.

6.Whatdoes“taxing”,inthethirdline,mean?

7.Whydidn’tthemenonthesquadaskhertodrive?

8.Whatdowelearnaboutthepeopleinprotestsandriots?

9.Whydidsomepeoplesaysheshouldn’tbeonthehit-squad?

10.Howdidtheprisonerreacttoherarrestinghim?

11.Howdidshefeelaboutherprisoner?

12.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthisarticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.easy

B.difficult

C.terrible

D.satisfactory

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrespectedher.

B.Shewasn’tagooddriver.

C.Shehadtostaywiththevan.

D.Theywereafraidsomeonewouldhurther.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyalwaysthrowthingsatthepolice.

B.Theyrarelythrowthingsatthepolice.

C.Theysometimesthrowthingsatthepolice.

D.Theyneverthrowthingsatthepolice.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoexplainhowtheyfelt.

B.Theythoughtthatmenusuallyreactedbetter.

C.Theyfeltguilty.

D.Theywereinnocent.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hedraggedhertoacell.

B.Heaskedhertoreadhimhisrights.

C.Hetriedtoinsulther.

D.Hecalmeddown.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Shewasfrightenedofhim.

B.Shewasconfusedaboutherfeelings.

C.Shewaspleasedthatshehadarrestedhim.

D.Shedidn’tfeelanythingatall.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Hardnightforapolicewoman

B.Noequalityinthepoliceforce

C.Policeofficerslikeviolence

D.Policeworktoughforbeginners

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“taxing”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.（她的工作讓人身心俱疲。），說(shuō)明“taxing”在文中是指“繁重、費(fèi)力”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“容易”，C選項(xiàng)“可怕”，D選項(xiàng)“滿意”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“drive”可以定位到文章第三段第三、四、五句IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.（如果我知道我們要去的地方事情會(huì)很棘手，我就會(huì)提出開(kāi)車(chē)。司機(jī)總是和貨車(chē)待在一起。但沒(méi)有人會(huì)要求我開(kāi)車(chē)，而且我們經(jīng)常沒(méi)有時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，都是后面的人出來(lái)處理。），說(shuō)明隊(duì)伍里的男人并不會(huì)因?yàn)樗桥远J(rèn)為她不能完成任務(wù)。因此A選項(xiàng)“他們尊重她”正確。B選項(xiàng)“她不是一個(gè)好司機(jī)”，D選項(xiàng)“他們害怕有人會(huì)傷害她”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“她不得不和貨車(chē)待在一起”，原文說(shuō)的是司機(jī)必須和貨車(chē)待在一起，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.（去年，“處理”包括在幾次抗議和騷亂中，有人向他們?nèi)臃e木和磚頭。），說(shuō)明抗議和騷亂中的人們向警察扔過(guò)幾次東西。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們有時(shí)會(huì)向警察扔?xùn)|西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們總是向警察扔?xùn)|西”，B選項(xiàng)“他們很少向警察扔?xùn)|西”，D選項(xiàng)“他們從不向警察扔?xùn)|西”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.（有時(shí)人們會(huì)告訴你，你不應(yīng)該從事這份工作，但這通常是他們辯解為什么打你的方式。），說(shuō)明有些人說(shuō)她不應(yīng)該加入突擊小隊(duì)的原因是他們?yōu)閯?dòng)手打了人而內(nèi)疚，尋求開(kāi)脫。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們想解釋他們的感受”，B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為男人通常反應(yīng)更好”，D選項(xiàng)“他們是無(wú)辜的”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第三句Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.（他不喜歡被一個(gè)女人逮捕，一直罵她。），說(shuō)明犯人在被她逮捕時(shí)一直咒罵她。因此C選項(xiàng)“他想侮辱她”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他把她拖到一間牢房里”，原文說(shuō)的是犯人被拖進(jìn)牢房，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他要求她向他宣讀他的權(quán)利”，D選項(xiàng)“他冷靜了下來(lái)”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.（波特不動(dòng)聲色地看著。），說(shuō)明她對(duì)犯人毫無(wú)感覺(jué)。因此D選項(xiàng)“她一點(diǎn)感覺(jué)都沒(méi)有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)他感到害怕”，B選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)自己的感情感到困惑”，C選項(xiàng)“她為自己逮捕了他而感到高興”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了波特作為一名女警的工作內(nèi)容和面臨的情況，接著描述了一個(gè)忙碌的夜晚，她在車(chē)站逮捕犯人后還有文書(shū)工作要做，以及為足球賽做準(zhǔn)備，說(shuō)明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹女警工作的困難。因此A選項(xiàng)“女警的艱難之夜”最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。B選項(xiàng)“警察隊(duì)伍不平等”，C選項(xiàng)“警察喜歡暴力”，D選項(xiàng)“警察的工作對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)是艱難的”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

Theprincipleofarocketmotorissimple,（）rocketsareverycomplicatedmachines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.largebutwhichpowerful

B.butlarge,powerful

C.largealthoughpowerful

D.solarge,powerful

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞以及邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后rockets名詞，以及給出的選項(xiàng)可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾名詞。句意：火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的原理很簡(jiǎn)單，（）火箭是非常復(fù)雜的機(jī)器。前文的簡(jiǎn)單和后文的復(fù)雜形成對(duì)比，因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的想法總是被同事們認(rèn)為（）。condemn意為“譴責(zé)，反對(duì)”，表明其后的形容詞應(yīng)為貶義詞。A選項(xiàng)imaginative想象的，虛構(gòu)的；B選項(xiàng)ingenious聰明的，精巧的；C選項(xiàng)impractical不切實(shí)際的，不實(shí)用的；D選項(xiàng)theoretical理論上的。C選項(xiàng)impractical符合句意和邏輯。

9.單選題

Habitscanbeconsciouslystrengthened,aswhenastudentoftheviolinpracticesandmemorizesdifferentfingerings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveniently

B.lastingly

C.intentionally

D.robustly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consciously表示“自覺(jué)地，有意識(shí)的”。A項(xiàng)conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B項(xiàng)lastingly“持續(xù)地”，C項(xiàng)intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D項(xiàng)robustly“粗魯?shù)?，?jiān)定地”。句意：習(xí)慣可以有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)，就像一個(gè)學(xué)小提琴的學(xué)生練習(xí)和記憶不同的指法一樣。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

10.單選題

Theemployerwasvery______aboutthehealthofheremployeesasreplacementsweredifficulttoget.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.splenetic

B.dogmatic

C.solicitous

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)splenetic表示“壞心眼的，容易發(fā)怒的”，B項(xiàng)dogmatic表示“教條的，武斷的”，C項(xiàng)solicitous表示“熱切期望的，熱心的”，D項(xiàng)obstinate表示“頑固的，倔強(qiáng)的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息asreplacementsweredifficulttoget（因?yàn)樘娲膯T工很難找到）可知，______aboutthehealthofheremployees表示“關(guān)心員工的健康”，besolicitousabout表示“掛念，關(guān)心”。句意：這位雇主非常關(guān)心她的雇員的健康，因?yàn)楹茈y找到替代的員工。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Despitemuchdiscussion,andeffortsbybothwomen'sandbusinessgroupstobreak"theglassceiling"down,theworld'sbiggestcompaniesarestillalmost_______runbymen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptionally

B.excessively

C.exclusively

D.exceedingly

【答案】C

【解析】exceptionally例外地,異常地;excessively過(guò)分地,極度;exclusively排外地,專(zhuān)有地;exceedingly非常地,極度地。句意：盡管女性和商業(yè)團(tuán)體為了打破“玻璃天花板”經(jīng)過(guò)多次討論并為此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然幾乎完全由男性經(jīng)營(yíng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffecton