考研考博-英語-右江民族醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-右江民族醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Robotshavefreedthemanfrommuchboringwork;（

）theyprotectmanfrombeingharmedbysomedangerouswork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thus

B.so

C.however

D.moreover

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。thus“因此”；so“所以”；however“然而”；moreover“而且，此外”。根據(jù)句子意思，可判斷出前后兩句存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以選用moreover表遞進(jìn)。句意：機(jī)器人不僅可以使人類從無聊的工作中解脫出來，而且能夠保護(hù)人們免遭一些危險(xiǎn)工作的傷害。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依賴”；composeof“由······構(gòu)成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她經(jīng)常說她最大的幸福在于為殘疾兒童服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Whenworkingonhisnovel,hewasperfectlycautiousnottomakeevena（）ofthepen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slid

B.slip

C.glide

D.skid

【答案】B

【解析】aslipofthepen為固定搭配,意為“筆誤”。句意：在寫小說時(shí),他非常小心謹(jǐn)慎以免出現(xiàn)筆誤。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

China’s（

）culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indivisible

B.intelligible

C.intangible

D.inalienable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indivisible“分不開的，不可分割的”；B選項(xiàng)intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C選項(xiàng)intangible“難以形容（或理解）的，無形的（指沒有實(shí)體存在的資本性資產(chǎn)）”；D選項(xiàng)inalienable“不可剝奪（或分割）的”。由culturalheritage（文化遺產(chǎn)）及語境可知選C。句意：中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。

5.單選題

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他幾乎撞到前面的那輛車了。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干可知,空格處應(yīng)為一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞。“陷入沉思’’為“sb.belostinthought”，即非謂語動(dòng)詞省略“主語和be動(dòng)詞”,此處是動(dòng)詞lose的過去分詞形式做伴隨狀語。答案選C。

6.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語義與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)qualified“合格的，有資格的”；C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的；臨時(shí)的”。句意：Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金，最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。根據(jù)句意可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)desirable與B選項(xiàng)qualified的區(qū)別在于：desirable通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中則應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，兩者用法不搭，而qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），該詞與原文areeligiblefor詞義、用法最相近。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

7.翻譯題

從1992年到2003年的11年間，這些科學(xué)家按照農(nóng)民的方法種植水稻，控制一切可能

妨礙取得良好收成的因素,但是并不包括溫度和二氧化碳這兩種因素。在研究所的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，夜間平均溫度比外面高出1.8o華氏度，結(jié)果水稻產(chǎn)量平均下降了10%?？茖W(xué)家就此得出的結(jié)論是：較熱的夜晚可能會(huì)加快水稻的呼吸作用，并使其活動(dòng)加劇并消耗能量。

【答案】【參考譯文】11yearsfrom1992to2003,thescientistsinaccordancewiththemethodoffarmersgrowrice,controlallobstaclesmayachievegoodharvest,butnotthesetwofactorsincludingtemperatureandcarbondioxide.Ontheinstitute'sfarm,theaveragenighttimetemperaturewas1.8degreesFahrenheithigherthanoutside,resultinginanaverage10percentdropinriceproduction.Thescientistsconcludedthatwarmernightsmayspeedupricerespiration,increaseactivityandexpendenergy.

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Rationally,weknowthatreadingisthefoundationstoneofalleducation,andthereforeanessentialunderpinningoftheknowledgeeconomy.Soreadingis-orshouldbe—anaspectofpublicpolicy.Butperhapsevenmoresignificantisitsemotionalroleasthestartingpointforindividualvoyagesofpersonaldevelopmentandpleasure.Bookscanhelpcreateandreinforceoursenseofself.

Ifreadingweretodeclinesignificantly,itwouldchangetheverynatureofourspecies.Ifwe,inthefuture,arenolongerwiredforsolitaryreflectionandcreativethought,wewillbediminished.Technologythrowsupasmanysolutionsasitdoeschallenges:foreverydooritcloses,anotheropens.Sotheability,offeredbydeviceslikee-readers,smartphonesandtablets,tocarryanentirelibraryinyourhandisanamazingopportunity.

【答案】從理性角度來講，我們知道閱讀是一切教育的基石，因此是知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本支撐。所以閱讀是——或者應(yīng)當(dāng)是——公共政策的一個(gè)方面。但也許更重要的是它作為個(gè)人發(fā)展和快樂之旅的起點(diǎn)的情感作用。書籍可以幫助創(chuàng)造和加強(qiáng)我們的自我意識(shí)。

如果閱讀能力顯著下降，人類的天性也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。如果我們將來不再被自我反思和創(chuàng)造性的思想所束縛，我們將會(huì)逐漸消失。技術(shù)提出的解決方案與挑戰(zhàn)一樣多：每關(guān)上一扇門，另一扇門就會(huì)打開。因此，由閱讀器、智能手機(jī)和平板電腦等設(shè)備提供的功能，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)將整個(gè)圖書館放在手中的絕好機(jī)會(huì)。

9.單選題

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)leisure“空閑”；B選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”；C選項(xiàng)industry“產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰”。句意：天氣悶熱的熱帶地區(qū)鼓勵(lì)……生活。根據(jù)句意，可以推測(cè)天氣悶熱，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)一種懶散生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“l(fā)ingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat（）.

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means（）.

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)的安樂死被荷蘭法律認(rèn)為是一種犯罪”和D選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)安樂死的執(zhí)行者將被判12年的監(jiān)禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻譯為：主動(dòng)的安樂死在荷蘭的法典上仍然是一種需判刑12年的監(jiān)禁。C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)行安樂死的不合格醫(yī)生將會(huì)被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻譯為：但是過去15年的一系列法庭案件卻明確表示，實(shí)行安樂死的稱職醫(yī)生將不被指控。同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)行安樂死的醫(yī)生將會(huì)被起訴”與文章不符合，故選B。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻譯為：而那些安樂死的支持者卻高舉人道對(duì)待的旗幟?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確，譯為“垂死的病人應(yīng)該需要人道的對(duì)待”。

3.【試題解析】詞匯題。A：爆發(fā)（成）；B：讓水熱得足以沸騰；C：造成巨大的憤怒；D：相互打架。題干關(guān)鍵詞“boilover”意為：爆發(fā)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”，中文翻譯為：大多數(shù)自愿安樂死的支持者認(rèn)為，去死的權(quán)利應(yīng)該只給予晚期絕癥病人，可以得知A選項(xiàng)“只有晚期絕癥病人可以安樂死”正確。

5.【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A:positive“積極的”；B:negative“消極的”；C:objective“客觀的”；D:uncertain“不確定的”。全文作者都是用客觀的態(tài)度來描述安樂死這個(gè)話題，因此可以推測(cè)出C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Therewerenotickets（）forFriday’sperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preferable

B.possible

C.considerable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preferable“更好的，更可取的；更合意的”；B選項(xiàng)possible“可能的；合理的；合適的”；C選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的；重要的，值得考慮的”；D選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的；可購買的；可找到的；有空的”。句意：周五的演出已沒有票可購買。根據(jù)句中“Therewerenotickets沒有票”可知“可購買的”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Inaddition,thereisthedilemmaassociatedwithconvertingat0.72.Somefinancialinstitutionsmaybeunwillingtopaythisprice,feelingthattherublewillsinkmuchloweroverthenextweek.Asaresult,conversionmayfinallycomeat0.69.These“l(fā)osses”mustbeacceptedbythecompanyasoneofthecostsofdoingbusinessoverseas.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.InFrance,tardybusinesspeople

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,conversionrates

（

）.

4.Theintendedaudienceofthispassageare

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobediscussedinthenextparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoSucceedinInternationalTrade

B.MonetaiyConversion

C.TradeBarriers

D.UniqueProblemsinInternationalTrade

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areofteninsulted

B.oftensufferfromcoldness

C.areoftenleftoutdoorswaiting

D.areoftenaskedtopolishtheirshoes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.arealwaysnotchanging

B.aredeterminedbyfinancialinstitutions

C.areagreeduponbytwotradingcountries

D.varyfromdaytoday

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.professorsofeconomics

B.postgraduatestudentsofinternationaltrade

C.beginnersofbusiness

D.businesspeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Exporttradebarriers.

B.Quotasandtariffs.

C.Reasonsforimposingtradingbarriers.

D.Measurestobreakdowntradebarriers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段先指出“當(dāng)企業(yè)從事海外業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)通常都會(huì)接觸到來著不同文化的人”,后面分別從時(shí)間觀、貨幣兌換以及貿(mào)易壁壘三個(gè)方面舉例闡述并給出建議。故A項(xiàng)“如何在國際貿(mào)易中獲得成功”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tardybusinesspeople定位至第二段:Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness(遲到的外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)人員通常會(huì)遭遇長(zhǎng)吋間等候，這也是一種讓他們知道準(zhǔn)吋的重要性的方法)。因此C項(xiàng)“通常需要在門外等候”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞conversionrates定位至第三段:Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday(匯率是由支持貨幣流通的市場(chǎng)情況決定的。因此，盡管匯率每天都會(huì)波動(dòng)，但也會(huì)有一個(gè)既定的比率),故選C“每天都會(huì)變化”。

4.判斷推理題。文章主要討論的是海外貿(mào)易過程中可能遇到的因地區(qū)差異導(dǎo)致的問題,因此推測(cè)文章的目標(biāo)受眾是“商業(yè)人士”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段講到了國際貿(mào)易中的第三個(gè)問題-貿(mào)易壁壘,最后一句指出:Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs(兩種最主要的進(jìn)口壁壘就是配額與關(guān)稅),因此推測(cè)下一段將討論“配額與關(guān)稅”。

13.單選題

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語前半句為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)為we.采取……路線通常用take…route.故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：由于我們不趕時(shí)間，所以選了一條長(zhǎng)的，風(fēng)景好的路線。

14.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese

ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproblemisasfollows:Isthereanyclearfoundationorbasisformorality—cananyreasonsbefoundforhumanbeingstobegoodanddorightactsratherthanbebadanddowrongacts?

Alloftheargumentsputfortharecompellingandvalidtosomeextent,providedthatfreequestioningofthemoralprescriptionsthattheyhaveestablishedorthattheysupportisallowedandencouraged.Ihavealreadypointedoutsomeofthedifficultiesassociatedwithestablishingareligiousbasisformorality,butproblemsexistwiththeothertwoargumentsaswell.（1）

Theself-interestargumentcanbeaproblemwhenotherinterestsconflictwithit:oftenitisdifficulttoconvincesomeonewhoseesobviousbenefitsinactingimmorallyinaparticularsituationthatitisinhisorherself-interesttodootherwise.Moralityestablishedbytraditionandlawisproblematicbecauseitisdifficultbothtochangeandtoquestionsuccessfully.Thislackofquestioningsometimesencouragesblindobediencetheimmoralpractices.Itencouragesthebeliefthatbecausesomethinghasbeendoneacertainwayforhundredsofyears,itmustberight.

（2）Arethereanyotherreasonswecangiveastowhyhumanbeingsshouldbemoral?Ifweexaminehumannatureasempiricallyandrationallyaswecan,wediscoverthatallhumanbeingshavemanyneeds,desires,goals,andobjectivesincommon.Forexample,peoplegenerallyseemtoneedfriendship,love,happiness,freedom,peace,creativity,andstabilityintheirlives,notonlyforthemselvesbutforothers,too.（3）

Itdoesn’ttakemuchfurtherexaminationtodiscoverthatinordertosatisfytheseneeds,peoplemustestablishandfollowmoralprinciplesthatencouragethemtocooperatewithoneanotherandthatfreethemfromfearthattheywilllosetheirlives,bemutilated,orbestolenfrom,liedto,cheated,severelyrestricted,orimprisoned.

Itismycontention,then,thatmoralityhascomeaboutbecauseofhumanneedsandthrougharecognitionoftheimportanceoflivingtogetherinaco-operativeandsignificantway.Iamnottryingtosuggestthatallhumanbeingscanbeconvincedthattheyshouldbemoral,oreventhatitwillalwaysbeineachindividual’sself-interesttobemoral.Idobelieve,however,thatthequestion“Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral”generallycanbestbeansweredbythestatementthatadheringtomoralprinciplesenableshumanbeingstolivetheirlivesaspeacefully,happily,creatively,andmeaningfullyasispossible.

Also,asImentionedwhendiscussinglawandmorality,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseintheteachingofethicsinlawschools.Thesametypesofcourseshavebeenestablishedatmedicalschools,andtherehasbeenanincreaseinbioethicsandotherethicscommitteesinhospitalsandvariousbusinesses.Forexample,JamesO’Toolehasbeenconductingvalues-basedleadershipseminarsforCEOsandothermanagersinbusiness.Onemightask.“Doesthismeanthatwearebecomingmoreethical,orthatwewillbe,astheseethicsbegintofilterdowntothegeneralpopulace?”Certainlyitisadmirablethatsomanyevenpoliticians—areinterestedinvaluesandinimprovingtheethicallevelinAmerica.Mymajorconcerniswithhowsuperficialallofthisis,especiallyasitcomesfrompoliticianstryingtogetelected.Idon’tdoubtthatsomeofthesepoliticiansaresincere,butsome-timesIwonderwhosevaluestheywishtoimpose,andalsoIwonderhowmuchtraininganyofthesepeoplehavehadinethics.

（4）Yetregardlessofhowpopular,superficiallyornot,ethicsmaybecome,itcertainlyshouldbethemostimportantaspectofyourlife.Afterall,whatcouldbemoreimportantthanlearninghowtolivemoreethicallyandimprovingthequalityofyourlifeandthelivesofothersaroundyou?AsAlbertEinsteinsaid,“Themostimportanthumanendeavoristhestrivingformoralityinouractions.Ourinnerbalanceandevenourveryexistencedependonit.Onlymoralityinouractionscangivebeautyanddignitytolife.”

（5）Moralitydealsbasicallywithhumansandhowtheyrelatetootherbeings,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itdealswithhowhumanstreatotherbeingssoastopromotemutualwelfare,growth,creativity,andmeaningandtostriveforwhatisgoodoverwhatisbadandwhatisrightoverwhatiswrong.

【答案】1.當(dāng)與他人利益發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，利己主義的觀點(diǎn)就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題：在某特定情形下，若不按道德行事，某人會(huì)明顯受益，因此，往往很難說服此人遵守道德規(guī)范對(duì)他或她有益。

2.至于人類為何需要遵守道德規(guī)范，我們還能給出其他的理由嗎？如果我們能夠盡可能地憑借經(jīng)驗(yàn)或理性審視人性，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人類都有很多相似的需求、欲望、目標(biāo)和目的。

3.不需要進(jìn)一步調(diào)查就能發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類為了滿足這些需求，必須樹立和遵循道德規(guī)范。這會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們與他人進(jìn)行合作，幫助他們擺脫可能會(huì)喪命、致殘，或者遭他人偷竊、撒謊、欺騙、嚴(yán)重地受限制或囚禁等帶來的恐懼。

4.然而無論倫理是否受歡迎或者膚淺，它可能成為，也一定應(yīng)是你的生活中最重要的一面。畢竟，學(xué)習(xí)如何更符合倫理道德地生活，以及改善你的以及身邊人的生活質(zhì)量，難道還有比這更重要的事嗎？

5.道德主要是關(guān)于人，以及他們與其他人或人類以外其他事物之間的關(guān)系。它涉及人類如何對(duì)待其他人或物，從而促進(jìn)共同的福利、發(fā)展、創(chuàng)造力和意義，以及為了好戰(zhàn)勝壞和正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡而努力。

15.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。fade“褪色，逐漸消失”；illustrate“闡明，舉例說明”；confine“限制，緊閉”；concern“影響，牽掛，關(guān)系到，涉及”。句意：他大腦中童年時(shí)代的所有記憶在他65歲時(shí)都逐漸模糊。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffusion

B.remains

C.glitter

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。debris表示“碎片，殘骸”。A項(xiàng)diffusion“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)remain“遺留，殘骸”，C項(xiàng)glitter“閃光，燦爛”，D項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：飛機(jī)和火箭可以用來收集放射性碎片，而高空衛(wèi)星攜帶探測(cè)伽馬射線和其他輻射的探測(cè)器。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

17.單選題

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|（

）toanothersubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”；switchto…“轉(zhuǎn)換到...”；transmitto...“傳送到……”;favor不與tosth.搭配使用。句意：最開始演講者講述的是有關(guān)該國家環(huán)境污染的問題，但她演講到一半就突然轉(zhuǎn)到別的話題上去了。根據(jù)but和anothersubject“別的話題”可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。故答案選B。

18.單選題

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“l(fā)ittleguy,”andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsoftheordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney’sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyhouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh’sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,likethethreelittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone’sfellowman,ordinaryAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney’sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirst-nametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebecameconvincedthatHollywoodhadbeeninfiltratedbyCommunists.HeagreedtoworkfortheFBIasamole（間諜）,identifyingandspyingoncolleagueswhomhesuspectedweresubversives.

But,apartfromhisaffiliationswiththeFBI,Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle.Anewbook,TheMagicKingdom:WaltDisneyandtheAmericanWayofLife,byStevenWatts,confirmsthathewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans―inthe30sand40shevotedforFranklinRoosevelt,believinghewasachampionoftheworkers.Also,DisneywasnotanapologistfortheFBI,assomehavesuggested.Infact,hewasalwayssuspiciousoflarge,bureaucraticorganizations,asisevidencedinfilmslikeThatDarnedCat,inwhichheportrayedFBIagentsasbunglingincompetents.

Bythetimehediedin1966,WaltDisneywasaniconlikeThomasEdisonandtheWrightBrothers.Tobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers,hewasarolemodel;tothepublicatlarge,hewas“UncleWalt”一themanwhohadentertainedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica.

Inthe30yearssincehisdeath,notmuchhaschanged.In1986,hewasattackedasaMcCarthyist,asupporterofbigbusiness,andapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment.However,noneofithasmadeanydifferencetothegeneralpublic.TheirloyaltytoUncleWaltremainsasstrongasever.

1.WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT（

）.

2.WaltDisneybecameaniconafterhisdeathnotbecause

（

）.

3.Inthesixthparagraphthesentence“Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle”means

that

（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardWaltDisneycanbestbedescribedas

（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepleasantsideofDisney’spatriotism?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.painting

B.creativity

C.management

D.merchandising

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasarolemodeltobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers

B.hecouldentertainthepublicatlargealltheirlives

C.hewasapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment

D.hecouldrepresentallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Disneywasacreativeandcapableperson.

B.DisneyonceagreedtoworkfortheFBI.

C.Disneyranhiscompanyinademocraticway.

D.Disneywassympatheticwithordinarypeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.objective

C.critical

D.skeptical

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HesidedwithordinaryAmericansinhisfilms.

B.HesupportedAmerica’swareffortsinhisownway.

C.Hehaddoubtsaboutlarge,bureaucraticorganizations.

D.HevotedforFranklinRooseveltinthe30sand40s.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell”諷刺的是他畫得不太好，可知WaltDisney繪畫能力不好，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后兩段講述了WaltDisney死后的影響，A、C、D選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第二段中都有提及，B選項(xiàng)在最后一段中提及，不符合題干中成為偶像的原因，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段中“hewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans”可知WaltDisney站在普通美國人這邊，因此D選項(xiàng)“迪士尼對(duì)普通人很同情”符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongstooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.”和第五段中“Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.”可知作者既寫了WaltDisney對(duì)迪士尼公司的成功有突出貢獻(xiàn)，又寫了他愛國主義不好的一面，因此作者對(duì)WaltDisney的態(tài)度是客觀的，選B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.”他也被認(rèn)為是一位偉大的愛國者，因?yàn)樗粌H以他的動(dòng)畫片贊美美國，而且在二戰(zhàn)期間，他的制作室也為美國士兵制作訓(xùn)練用影片?？芍宰约旱姆绞街С置绹膽?zhàn)爭(zhēng)努力，因此選B。

19.單選題

Thousandsof（

）atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.audience

B.participants

C.spectators

D.observers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。audience聽眾；participant參與者；spectator觀眾，看客；observer觀察者。句意：體育場(chǎng)內(nèi)成千上萬的觀眾起立，向這場(chǎng)出色的表演致敬。此句語境為去體育場(chǎng)觀看表演，所以主體為觀眾。答案C

20.單選題

Itriedtocontrolmytemperandfocusonourbusiness,butintheendIdecidedthatIhadtodiscussaboutthematterwiththepeoplewhohadoverchargedus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.focusonourbusiness

B.intheend

C.discussaboutthematter

D.whohadoverchargedus

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。介詞多余。去掉about。discuss是及物動(dòng)詞,后面不需要接介詞about。

21.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Idon’tknowwhatitis.It’snotembarrassment.Nothat’snotit.Yousee,you’reputtingyourheadinanoose;that’swhatitseemstome.”Derek,anarmedrobberwithalongrecordofjobs,wastalkingabouthoisting(shop-lifting).“NoIjustcouldn'tdoit.Imeanjustgoinginthere.”Hepausedtotrytofundamoreexactwayoffixing;hisantipathy.“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.”

Itseemedafannywaytoputit.Pushingacoupleoftiesinyourpocketatashopwashardlythelastwordinextroversion,andeve