考研考博-英語-吉林城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)系在今天被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的——不能完全準(zhǔn)確地概括為“研究和開發(fā)”……即使在當(dāng)今這個(gè)大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開發(fā)的時(shí)代，這個(gè)過程中所涉及的相互關(guān)系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的。”可知作者開頭即點(diǎn)明人們對科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工業(yè)的相互關(guān)系的誤解，最后一句也點(diǎn)明這三者之間正變得越來越疏遠(yuǎn)。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對這三者之間的誤解。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀(jì)后期，只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)行業(yè)能夠使用科學(xué)技術(shù)或關(guān)心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴(kuò)大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學(xué)技術(shù)的行業(yè)”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀(jì)中葉，科學(xué)知識和公眾意識（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴(kuò)展使人們相信，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將以某種未指明的方式自動(dòng)地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由此可知人們相信科學(xué)進(jìn)步能夠帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也擔(dān)任顧問，從事以實(shí)際方式應(yīng)用研究的項(xiàng)目?！睆氖禄A(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也兼顧應(yīng)用研究，可知作者想表明科學(xué)家對應(yīng)用研究的貢獻(xiàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學(xué)-技術(shù)-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)正變得越來越分離開”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與此內(nèi)容不符。B項(xiàng)“基本科學(xué)研究不能產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用”文中沒提到；C項(xiàng)“工業(yè)應(yīng)該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點(diǎn)錢”文中也沒提到。

2.單選題

Theyhaveareciprocalloathingforeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslighttrusting

B.adeepmotivating

C.amutualdisgust

D.alastingfight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aslighttrusting輕微的信任；B選項(xiàng)adeepmotivating深刻的激勵(lì)；C選項(xiàng)amutualdisgust相互間厭惡；D選項(xiàng)alastingfight持久的斗爭。根據(jù)句意可知：他們都很厭惡對方，因此選擇C選項(xiàng)。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。通過列舉了舞臺的例子，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了配角和劇中布景的重要性，結(jié)合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊兒童所生活的家庭和社會往往是他們成長和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵）可知，對特殊兒童而言，家庭和社會環(huán)境也是很重要的，因此D選項(xiàng)“說明環(huán)境的重要性，如家庭和社會”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在過去的30年中，公共教育對特殊兒童的極大興趣表明了我們社會中的一種強(qiáng)烈想法，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會）可推斷出B選項(xiàng)“特殊兒童也應(yīng)該開發(fā)他們的潛能的信念”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的NOT，因此要找出文中沒有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判決確認(rèn)了所有兒童，無論殘疾與否，都有接受適當(dāng)教育的權(quán)利，并命令公立學(xué)校采取必要措施提供這種教育）可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作為回應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，使教學(xué)能夠適應(yīng)特殊兒童，那些不能從常規(guī)課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要）可排除D選項(xiàng)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，以適應(yīng)特殊兒童的需要，因此可以推斷出，常規(guī)課程是不足以應(yīng)對特殊兒童的，substantially應(yīng)為“足夠的”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。解題關(guān)鍵句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（為了讓這些孩子充分發(fā)展他們成年后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些差異）可知A選項(xiàng)“使教育適應(yīng)殘疾兒童的必要性”為正確答案。

4.單選題

Hefearsthismonth'sincreasedviolencemayharmKenya'svitaltouristindustry,muchofwhichcenterson_______toseeitsexoticanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sahib

B.shamble

C.severity

D.safaris

【答案】D

【解析】sahib先生,閣下,大人;shamble蹣跚,搖晃的腳步;severity嚴(yán)肅,嚴(yán)重;safari旅行,狩獵遠(yuǎn)征,旅行隊(duì)。句意：他擔(dān)心這個(gè)月暴力事件的增加可能會損害肯尼亞至關(guān)重要的旅游業(yè),肯尼亞的旅游業(yè)主要是以在旅行中觀賞野生動(dòng)物為主。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.

【答案】人們普遍認(rèn)為吸煙成癮，與其說戒煙是個(gè)人選擇的問題，不如說是意志力的問題。雖然就醫(yī)和藥物治療能增加永久戒煙的概率，但避免進(jìn)退兩難的最好辦法是一開始就不吸煙。吸煙帶來不可逆的影響程度不同，且與煙癮和煙齡有關(guān)，也與最初接觸煙的年齡有關(guān)。

本報(bào)告挑戰(zhàn)的是一種觀點(diǎn)，即幾年的吸煙史不會產(chǎn)生長期的不良后果。我們希望勸說人們不要染上這一常見而致命的習(xí)慣，并指出隨著戒煙時(shí)間的增加，煙草對健康產(chǎn)生的影響就會大幅度減少。

6.單選題

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源，來源”，指事物開始出現(xiàn)的始點(diǎn)或其來源與出處；B選項(xiàng)generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)decent“正派的，得體的”，為形容詞；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：這個(gè)詞的起源是未知的，但肯定不是來自希臘語。

7.單選題

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：政府（）在所有車中使用安全帶。

prevail勝過，獲勝，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑釁；mediate調(diào)解，斡旋，居中；man-date授權(quán)，托管，強(qiáng)制。D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)制”符合句意。

8.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關(guān)于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意：圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個(gè)神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。insurance“保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”；security“安全，保證”；assurance“保證，擔(dān)保，確信”；safety“安全，保險(xiǎn)”。句意：這個(gè)小男孩自信地回答了我所有的問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

DuringtheinitialstagesofinstructedL2acquisitionstudentslearnacouplethousand,mainlyhighfrequencywords.Functionallanguageproficiency,however,requiresmasteryofaconsiderablylargernumberofwords.Itisthereforenecessaryattheintermediateandadvancedstagesoflanguageacquisitiontolearnalargevocabularyinashortperiodoftime.Thereisnotenoughtimetocopythenatural(largelyincidental)L1wordacquisitionprocess.Incidentalacquisitionofthewordsisonlypossibleuptoapoint,because,onaccountoftheirlowfrequency,theydonotoccuroftenenoughintheL2learningmaterial.

AcquisitionofnewwordsfromauthenticL2readingtextsbymeansofstrategiessuchascontextualdeductionisalsonotasolutionforanumberofreasons.Thereappearstobenoalternativetointentionallearningofagreatmanynewwordsinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Thewordstobelearnedmaybepresentedinisolationorincontext.Presentationinbilingualwordlistsseemsanattractiveshortcutbecauseittakeslesstimethancontextualpresentationandyieldsexcellentshorttermresults.Longtermretention,however,isoftendisappointingsocontextualpresentationseemsadvisable.

AnysuggestionsonhowtoimplementthisinpedagogiccontextsshouldbebasedonasystematicanalysisofthetwomostimportantaspectsoftheL2wordlearningproblem,thatistosay,selectingtherelevantvocabulary(whichandhowmanywords)andcreatingoptimalconditionsfortheacquisitionprocess.Thisarticlesetsouttodescribeacomputerassistedwordacquisitionprogramme(CAVOCA)whichtriestodopreciselythis:theprogrammeoperationalizescurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisition,anditscontentsarebasedonasystematicinventoryofthevocabularyrelevantforthetargetgroup.Toestablishitsefficiency,theprogrammewascontrastedinanumberofexperimentalsettingswithapairedassociatedmethodoflearningnewwords.Theexperimentalresultssuggestthatanapproachcombiningthetwomethodsismostadvisable.

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabulary

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywords

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetence

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentationinbilingualwordlists

B.contextualpresentation

C.presentationinisolation

D.attractivepresentation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofteaching

B.practical

C.following

D.difficult

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.selecttherelevantvocabulary

B.createoptimalconditions

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruse

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabulary

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.36.從作者在第一段所說的，我們可以推斷______。

A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabularyA.第二語言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來擴(kuò)大詞匯量

B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywordsB.高級學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯

C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetenceC.高級學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握大量的詞匯，以提高其功能語言能力

D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttimeD.第二語言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第一段，從第二句“功能語言熟練需要掌握大量的單詞”，以及第三句“因此，在語言習(xí)得的中高級階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，可知，中高級學(xué)生在語言習(xí)得階段，必須掌握大量的詞匯，而功能語言也需要掌握大量單詞；綜合理解可推斷，中高級學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握大量的詞匯來提高功能語言能力。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“偶然習(xí)得這些單詞只有在一定程度上是可能的，因?yàn)樗鼈兂霈F(xiàn)的頻率很低”，可推斷A項(xiàng)“第二語言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來擴(kuò)大詞匯量”是錯(cuò)誤的，反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到“學(xué)習(xí)大量詞匯”，“高級學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯”中的具體數(shù)字無法從文中推斷，無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“第二語言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞”中的impossible使用太絕對，而且也與原文相反，反向干擾。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.37.在較長時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量詞匯最有效的方法之一可能是______。

A.presentationinbilingualwordlistsA.使用雙語單詞表

B.contextualpresentationB.情境呈現(xiàn)

C.presentationinisolationC.孤立地呈現(xiàn)

D.attractivepresentationD.吸引人的表達(dá)方式

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第二段主要描述的是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的各種方法及其可行性，根據(jù)第二段最后一句“……情境呈現(xiàn)似乎是可取的（contextualpresentationseemsadvisable）”，綜合理解可知，contextualpresentation（情境呈現(xiàn)）在掌握大量詞匯上是可行的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位至第二段最后兩句“用雙語單詞列表展示似乎是一個(gè)很有吸引力的捷徑，因?yàn)樗惹榫吵尸F(xiàn)花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更少，而且能產(chǎn)生優(yōu)秀的短期效果。然而，長期留存率往往令人失望……”，從最后一句的however轉(zhuǎn)折可知，“使用雙語單詞表”不是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“孤立地呈現(xiàn)”雖然在第二段有提到，但是并沒有講述它是否是一個(gè)有效的辦法，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“吸引人的表達(dá)方式”沒有提及，無中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?38.第三段中的“pedagogic”是什么意思？

A.ofteachingA.教學(xué)的

B.practicalB.實(shí)際的

C.followingC.接著的

D.difficultD.困難的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pedagogic定位至第三段第一句“任何關(guān)于如何在pedagogic情境中（inpedagogiccontexts）實(shí)施這一方法的建議，都應(yīng)以第二語言詞匯學(xué)習(xí)問題的兩個(gè)極其重要的方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地分析為基礎(chǔ)”，其中pedagogic是修飾contexts（情境）；這一句是對上一段的銜接，上一段是討論了各種單詞習(xí)得的方法，最后得出“情境呈現(xiàn)（contextualpresentation）似乎是可取的”，而與情境呈現(xiàn)相關(guān)的是教學(xué)，所以推測pedagogic指“教學(xué)的”的意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的”、C選項(xiàng)“接著的”和D選項(xiàng)“困難的”屬于曲解原文。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.39.根據(jù)第三段，CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是______。

A.selecttherelevantvocabularyA.選擇適中的詞匯量

B.createoptimalconditionsB.創(chuàng)造最佳條件

C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruseC.使當(dāng)前關(guān)于詞匯習(xí)得的理論思維得到更好的應(yīng)用

D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabularyD.找出擴(kuò)大第二語言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章第三段，第二句對CAVOCA有描述“本文主要介紹一種努力實(shí)現(xiàn)這一想法的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助單詞學(xué)習(xí)軟件（CAVOCA），其操作原理就是單詞學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)行理論，內(nèi)容就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目錄，涵蓋了那些學(xué)習(xí)對象需要的詞匯”，其中“這一想法”指的是第一句提到的“確定較為適中的詞匯量（哪些以及有多少單詞）并制定學(xué)習(xí)過程中的最優(yōu)條件”，綜合理解可知，CAVOCA的目的就是實(shí)現(xiàn)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”這兩種方法，而這兩種屬于單詞習(xí)得的現(xiàn)行理論。綜上所述，可以推斷出CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是使當(dāng)前這兩種詞匯習(xí)得理論思維得以應(yīng)用。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”都不全面，以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“找出擴(kuò)大第二語言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法”表述不正確，CAVOCA計(jì)劃是使詞匯習(xí)得的兩種理論辦法成為可行，而不是“找出辦法”，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.40.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是______。

A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionA.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得

B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionB.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要

C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionC.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法

D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionD.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，定位首段和末段的核心句，首段第三句“在語言習(xí)得的中高級階段，有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”，以及末段最后一句“實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，兩種方法相結(jié)合的方法是最合適的”，可知該篇文章講述的是提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法；另外第二段對學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的有效辦法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述，所以文章的主旨就是“提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法”。根據(jù)第三段第二句“本文（Thisarticlesetsoutto）描述了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助詞匯習(xí)得程序……”，可知，這篇文章是在介紹另外一篇文章，所以推斷這是一篇文章的摘要。綜合理解可知，D選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要”最適合文章標(biāo)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得”和B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要”概括不全面，以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法”對文章體裁表述不正確，曲解原文。

11.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上繼續(xù)惡作劇，盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項(xiàng)notto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B項(xiàng)blithely“快活地，無憂無慮地”，C項(xiàng)perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D項(xiàng)domestically“國內(nèi)地，家庭式地，適合國內(nèi)地”。由句子意思“他離開了家_______沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣”可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾unaware，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：他若無其事地離開了家，沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

[A]Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeople.Learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainmutualrespect,andunderstanding—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.

[B]Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuseopponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alargepartofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsbyopponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognizeweaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

[C]Noneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.

[D]Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennisgames.Parisofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.

[E]Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:"thereisonlyoneway...togetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit."Thisaversiontoargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesprofoundproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.

[F]Theseviewsofargumentsalsounderminereason.Ifyouseeaconversationasafightorcompetition,youcanwinbycheatingaslongasyoudon'tgetcaught.Youwillbehappytoconvincepeoplewithbadarguments.Youcancalltheirviewsstupid,orjokeabouthowignoranttheyare.Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthatdivideyou,buttheycanhelpyouwin—inoneway.

[G]Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments.Imaginethatyoufavorincreasingtheminimumwageinourstate,andIdonot.Ifyouyell,“yes,”andIyell,“No,”neitherofuslearnsanything.Weneitherunderstandnorrespecteachother,andwehavenobasisforcompromiseorcooperation.Incontrast,supposeyougiveareasonableargument:thatfull-timeworkersshouldnothavetoliveinpoverty.ThenIcounterwithanotherreasonableargument:thatahigherminimumwagewillforcebusinessestoemployfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowwecanunderstandeachother'spositionsandrecognizeoursharedvalues,sincewebothcareaboutneedyworkers.

1.____→2.____→F→3.____→4.____→C→5.____

【答案】1.E

2.D

3.G

4.B

5.A

【解析】1.段落排序解題若首段未給出，首先需要大家通讀全部選項(xiàng)首句話，本文首句話中的句間銜接關(guān)系排除選首段。本篇文章中，A選項(xiàng)第一句話中含有指代關(guān)系詞these，故根據(jù)該詞確定本選項(xiàng)直接排除，B選項(xiàng)有ofcause銜接上下文的詞出現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)可以作為首段的可能選項(xiàng)，E選項(xiàng)也可以作為首段的可能選項(xiàng)，G選項(xiàng)首句中含有betterway比較級，故本題的答案應(yīng)在D或E選項(xiàng)中得出，根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)人物Carnegie和E選項(xiàng)人物DaleCarnegie的名稱特點(diǎn)，可以得知首次出現(xiàn)應(yīng)為全名形式，故本題的答案應(yīng)為E選項(xiàng)。

2.首段為Carnegie的觀點(diǎn)信息，故下段復(fù)現(xiàn)應(yīng)為該人物的觀點(diǎn)承接，通過掃讀剩下的選項(xiàng)可知該題只有D選項(xiàng)可以承接。

3.該題上一段最后一句話為“Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthatdivideyou,buttheycanhelpyouwin—inoneway.”可知thesetricks是對上文信息的否定，下文應(yīng)該復(fù)現(xiàn)winarguments的肯定的表述，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)分析可知G選項(xiàng)首句Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments，正好與F選項(xiàng)尾句形成首尾銜接。

4.該題上段為G段，尾句講述的是Nowwecanunderstandeachother'spositionsandrecognizeoursharedvalues,sincewebothcareaboutneedyworkers.而根據(jù)銜接可確定G段講述的是成功的討論，B選項(xiàng)首句notsosuccessful正銜接上文，轉(zhuǎn)折講述不成功的案例。

5.上段C選項(xiàng)中Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.最后這幾句話主要講的是有關(guān)于談話的四種手段，正好與A選項(xiàng)首句中的Thesetools形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，故本題答案應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Competition,theybelieve,（

）thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enforce“強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”，confirm“確定”，intensify“使變得更強(qiáng)烈”，strengthen“增強(qiáng)力量”。句意：他們相信競爭能增強(qiáng)民族性，而不是使民族墮落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Ifeverybodyhasarrivedthemeetingmay（

）now.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.criticize

C.comment

D.conclude

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。commence“開始；著手”；criticize