考研考博-英語-吉林警察學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林警察學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Remembertheconceptof“sisterhood”?Thatquaintrelicofanideathatwomenowedittootherwomentocrashthroughceilingsandnavigateamaleworld?Itjustmightbetakingnewrootinamostunexpectedplace—amongwomenwithmoney.TherearemorewomencontrollingmorewealthintheU.S.thaneverbefore.Andunlikethewomenwhoprecededthem—old-schoolpatronswhogavetothemuseumandthesymphonyandtheirdeadhusbands’almamaters—thesegiversaremorelikelytousetheirwealthdeliberatelyandsystematicallytoaidwomeninneed.

Toappreciatethemagnitudeofthischange,goback150yearsorsotothewomen’sstrugglefortherighttovote,orthesuffragemovement.Backtothetimewhenoneofitsleaders,MatildaJoslynGage,lamented:“Wehaveyettohearofawomanofwealthwhohasleftanythingforhelpinghersexgetthevote.Almosteverydailypaperheraldsthefactofsomelargebequesttocolleges,churchesandcharitiesbyrichwomen,butitiswell-knownthattheyneverrememberthewomansuffragemovementthatunderliesinimportanceallothers.”

Today,globally,morethan145funds,withassetsofnearlyhalfabilliondollars,existtoimprovethelivesofwomenandgirls.Manyfocustheireffortsdomestically;aboutathirdworkinternationally.Notoneexistedin1972whentheMs.Foundation,thefirstnationalfundforandbywomen,wasestablished.CollectivelytheynowformtheWomen’sFundingNetworkandhaveplanstoincreasetheirjointcoffersbyanotherbilliondollarsby2018,inconcertwithadrivecalledWomenMovingMillions,whichaimstoencourageindividuals,mostlywomen,todonate$1millionormore.

WomenMovingMillionsbeganwiththeliteralsisterhoodofHelenLaKellyHuntandSwaneeHunt.DaughtersofthelegendaryoilmanH.L.Hunt,theywereraised“l(fā)ikeSouthernbelles,”Helensays—taughtthatmoneywassomethingawoman“shouldn’tworryherprettylittleheadabout.”Asadultstheydiscoveredthepowerofphilanthropy,andaboutthreeyearsagoSwaneecalledHelenwithanoffer.“Shesaidshewasgoingtoleavemealotofmoneyinherwill,”Helensays,“butImightdiefirstandruinthesurprise,sowhydoesn’tshegiveittomenow?”Swanee’s$6million,and$4millionmorefromHelen,becametheinitialpledgestothecampaign.

60.Inthepast,womenneeded“sisterhood”to________.

61.ThebigchangeintheUSmentionedinthepassageisthat________.

62.AccordingtoMatildaJoslynGage,therichwomenfailedto________.

63.Paragraph3mainlytellsabout________.

64.WomenMovingMillionsis________.

65.WhatcanwelearnaboutHelenandSwanee?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bemorecompetitiveinamaleworld

B.helpfreeeachotherfromhomeburdens

C.becomeaswealthyasthemajoritymales

D.makealivinginthemale-dominatedworld

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.morerichwomenareaidingtheirpoorersisters

B.morerichwomenarestoppingdonatingmoneytoschools

C.morefemaleshavewontherighttovoteinnationalelections

D.morefemaleshavecontributedmoneytomuseumsandsymphonies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkaboutthewell-beingoftheirunfortunatesisters

B.makeinvestmentsinanyexclusivewomen’sprojects

C.realizewhatwascrucialinhelpingthoseneedywomen

D.recognizethatpoliticalrightsaremorevitalthantheirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theindividualfemales’effortsforraisingtheirownstatus

B.thefutureplansoftheWomen’sFundingNetwork

C.theorganizedgroups’systematicsupportstowomen

D.thefundsusedforimprovingthelivesofwomen

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arichwomen’ssociety

B.apro-womenfoundation

C.afunds-raisingcampaign

D.awomen’sfundingnetwork

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Theymadealargefortunefromthecampaign.

B.Theykepttheirpromisetodonate$10million.

C.TheyhelpedWomenMovingMillionsgetgoing.

D.Theylefteachothermillionsofdollarsinthewill.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】60.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthepast,womenneeded“sisterhood”to________.在過去，女性需要“姐妹情誼”來________。

A.bemorecompetitiveinamaleworldA.在男性的世界里更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

B.helpfreeeachotherfromhomeburdensB.互相幫助，把對(duì)方從家庭負(fù)擔(dān)中解放出來

C.becomeaswealthyasthemajoritymalesC.成為和大多數(shù)男性一樣富有的人

D.makealivinginthemale-dominatedworldD.在男性主導(dǎo)的世界中謀生

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞sisterhood可以定位到文章第1段第1、2句“還記得‘姐妹情誼（sisterhood）’這個(gè)概念嗎？是那種古老的觀念遺留下來的，認(rèn)為女人有責(zé)任幫助其他女人沖破天花板（crashthroughceilings），在男人的世界里遨游（navigateamaleworld）？”，說明在過去，“姐妹情誼”能夠幫助女性沖破男性主導(dǎo)的限制，在男性的世界里發(fā)揮自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。因此A選項(xiàng)“在男性的世界里更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“互相幫助，把對(duì)方從家庭負(fù)擔(dān)中解放出來”，文章中沒有提到家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“成為和大多數(shù)男性一樣富有的人”，由文章第1段第3句“它可能會(huì)在一個(gè)最意想不到的地方生根——在有錢的女性（womenwithmoney）中間?！笨芍@些女性已經(jīng)很有錢了，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“在男性主導(dǎo)的世界中謀生”，文章中說的是幫助在男性的世界里更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，而不僅僅是謀生這么基礎(chǔ)的程度，屬于曲解原文。

61.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThebigchangeintheUSmentionedinthepassageisthat________.這段話中提到的美國(guó)的巨大變化是________。

A.morerichwomenareaidingtheirpoorersistersA.更多的富有女性正在幫助她們較窮的姐妹

B.morerichwomenarestoppingdonatingmoneytoschoolsB.更多的富有女性停止向?qū)W校捐款

C.morefemaleshavewontherighttovoteinnationalelectionsC.更多的女性在國(guó)家選舉中贏得了投票權(quán)

D.morefemaleshavecontributedmoneytomuseumsandsymphoniesD.更多的女性向博物館和交響樂團(tuán)捐錢

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞bigchange可以定位到文章第1段最后1句“與之前向博物館、交響樂團(tuán)和已故丈夫的母校捐款的老派贊助人女性不同（unlikethewomenwhoprecededthem），這些捐款者更有可能有意識(shí)地、系統(tǒng)地使用自己的財(cái)富來幫助有需要的女性（toaidwomeninneed）?！?，說明和以前不同的是，現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)有更多的富有女性來幫助貧困的女性。因此A選項(xiàng)“更多的富有女性正在幫助她們較窮的姐妹”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“更多的富有女性停止向?qū)W校捐款”，文章只是說現(xiàn)在的富有女性比起向?qū)W校捐款更有可能幫助貧困的女性，沒有說她們從此就不再向?qū)W校捐款，屬于推理過度；

C選項(xiàng)“更多的女性在國(guó)家選舉中贏得了投票權(quán)”，文章中沒有提及女性贏得了投票權(quán)，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“更多的女性向博物館和交響樂團(tuán)捐錢”，文章中說的是比起向博物館和交響樂團(tuán)捐錢，富有女性更有可能去幫助貧困女性，屬于反向干擾。

62.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoMatildaJoslynGage,therichwomenfailedto________.根據(jù)瑪?shù)贍栠_(dá)?喬斯林?蓋奇的說法，富有女性們未能________。

A.thinkaboutthewell-beingoftheirunfortunatesistersA.考慮到她們不幸的姐妹們的幸福

B.makeinvestmentsinanyexclusivewomen’sprojectsB.對(duì)任何專屬女性的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行投資

C.realizewhatwascrucialinhelpingthoseneedywomenC.意識(shí)到在幫助這些有需要的女性方面什么是關(guān)鍵的

D.recognizethatpoliticalrightsaremorevitalthantheirfamiliesD.認(rèn)識(shí)到政治權(quán)利比她們的家庭更重要

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MatildaJoslynGage可以定位到文章第2段第2句“回顧過去，該運(yùn)動(dòng)的一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人瑪?shù)贍栠_(dá)?喬斯林?蓋奇曾哀嘆道：‘我們還沒有聽說過哪個(gè)富有女性為了幫助女性獲得選舉權(quán)（getthevote）而留下任何東西?！保瑫r(shí)第3句說到“她們從不記得女性投票權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而這一運(yùn)動(dòng)是所有其他運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要基礎(chǔ)（underliesinimportanceallothers）?！?，說明女性投票權(quán)才是幫助女性最重要、最關(guān)鍵的方面，但過去的富有女性沒有對(duì)此提供幫助。因此C選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到在幫助這些有需要的女性方面什么是關(guān)鍵的”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“考慮到她們不幸的姐妹們的幸?！?，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)任何專屬女性的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行投資”和D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)到政治權(quán)利比她們的家庭更重要”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

63.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Paragraph3mainlytellsabout________.第3段主要講述了________。

A.theindividualfemales’effortsforraisingtheirownstatusA.女性個(gè)人為提高自己的地位所做的努力

B.thefutureplansoftheWomen’sFundingNetworkB.女性資金網(wǎng)絡(luò)的未來計(jì)劃

C.theorganizedgroups’systematicsupportstowomenC.有組織的團(tuán)體對(duì)女性的系統(tǒng)支持

D.thefundsusedforimprovingthelivesofwomenD.用于改善女性生活的資金

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3可以定位到文章第3段，本段第1句說到“今天，在全球范圍內(nèi)，有超過145個(gè)基金，資產(chǎn)近5億美元，致力于改善女性和女孩的生活（toimprovethelivesofwomenandgirls）?！?，說明這些資金的目的是為了改善女性的生活，接著舉了“女性資金網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Women’sFundingNetwork）”和“百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)（WomenMovingMillions）”的例子來說明做出的努力，這些組織和運(yùn)動(dòng)本質(zhì)上都是為了提供資金來改善女性的生活。因此D選項(xiàng)“用于改善女性生活的資金”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“女性個(gè)人為提高自己的地位所做的努力”，本段介紹的是社會(huì)組織和運(yùn)動(dòng)的努力，而非個(gè)人的，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“女性資金網(wǎng)絡(luò)的未來計(jì)劃”只是列舉的一個(gè)例子，不能全面概括本段的內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“有組織的團(tuán)體對(duì)女性的系統(tǒng)支持”，本段中只說到了對(duì)女性的資金支持，沒有提及系統(tǒng)的支持，屬于無中生有。

64.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WomenMovingMillionsis________.百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是________。

A.arichwomen’ssocietyA.一個(gè)富有的女性協(xié)會(huì)

B.apro-womenfoundationB.一個(gè)支持女性的基金會(huì)

C.afunds-raisingcampaignC.一個(gè)籌款活動(dòng)

D.awomen’sfundingnetworkD.一個(gè)女性的籌款網(wǎng)絡(luò)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞WomenMovingMillions可以定位到文章第3段最后1句“與一項(xiàng)名為‘百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)’的運(yùn)動(dòng)合作，該運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人（主要是女性）捐贈(zèng)100萬美元或更多?！?，說明百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)富有女性捐款的籌款運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)籌款活動(dòng)”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)富有的女性協(xié)會(huì)”，百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)而不是協(xié)會(huì)，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)支持女性的基金會(huì)”，百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)而不是基金會(huì)，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)女性的籌款網(wǎng)絡(luò)”介紹的是“女性資金網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Women’sFundingNetwork）”，屬于張冠李戴。

65.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatcanwelearnaboutHelenandSwanee?關(guān)于海倫和斯旺尼，我們可以了解到什么？

A.Theymadealargefortunefromthecampaign.A.她們從運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)了一大筆財(cái)。

B.Theykepttheirpromisetodonate$10million.B.她們信守承諾，捐出了1000萬美元。

C.TheyhelpedWomenMovingMillionsgetgoing.C.她們幫助百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)開始運(yùn)作。

D.Theylefteachothermillionsofdollarsinthewill.D.她們?cè)谶z囑中給對(duì)方留下了數(shù)百萬美元。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HelenandSwanee可以定位到文章第4段第1句“百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)始于海倫?萊克莉?亨特和斯旺尼?亨特的姐妹情誼?！保瑫r(shí)最后1句說到“斯旺尼的600萬美元和海倫的400萬美元成為了運(yùn)動(dòng)的最初承諾?！?，由此可知百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是由她們兩人所開始的。因此C選項(xiàng)“她們幫助百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)開始運(yùn)作。”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“她們從運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)了一大筆財(cái)?！?，她們的富有是因?yàn)樗齻兪鞘痛蠛嗟呐畠?，而不是從運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得的財(cái)富，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“她們信守承諾，捐出了1000萬美元。”，文章說的是她們的1000萬美元是運(yùn)動(dòng)的最初承諾，沒有提及是否已經(jīng)捐出，屬于推理過度；

D選項(xiàng)“她們?cè)谶z囑中給對(duì)方留下了數(shù)百萬美元?！保恼轮姓f的是斯旺尼本來打算給海倫留下一大筆遺產(chǎn)，但她們決定將這筆錢用于百萬女性運(yùn)動(dòng)，屬于曲解原文。

2.單選題

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausting“使人筋疲力盡的”；C選項(xiàng)favorite“最受喜愛的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”。句意：在一場(chǎng)使人筋疲力盡的巡回演唱會(huì)之后，這位女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松。根據(jù)句意女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡所以才想要放松。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime.Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite.

TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme.Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople.Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology.

Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople.Inotherwords,themythologychangestoexplainandrecordactualhistoricalevents.

However,historyhasnotbeentheonlyelementatworkinchangingandmythologizingIndianreligion.Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass.

1.Indianmythology（）.

2.Ancientbeliefsandmyths（）.

3.Indianreligionis（）.

4.Thecastesystemis（）.

5.ThenumberofgodsinIndianmythologyis（）.

6.Historicalcircumstanceslikedynasticchangesandinvasionsare（）.

7.Historically,Brahminshavebeen（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isafairlyrecentdevelopment

B.diedoutlongagointhebeliefsofthepeople

C.heldswayforcenturiesbutnowdoesnotaffectthepeople

D.stillfiguresinthelivesandbeliefsofmostIndians

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenremolded,tofitnewhistoricalevents

B.arediscardedwhennolonger-immediatelyrelevant

C.weremadeupbythepriests

D.wereforbiddenbythepriests

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pantheistic

B.polytheistic

C.monotheistic

D.atheistic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.encouragedbythepriests

B.encouragedbythegovernment

C.immoralaccordingtoIndianmythology

D.illegal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.constantlyincreasing

B.slowlydecreasing

C.constant

D.rapidlydecreasing

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.reflectedinthemythology

B.totallyseparatefromthemythology

C.foretoldinIndianmythology

D.criticizedinthemythology

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.warriors

B.rulers

C.oflittleinfluencewiththemasses

D.akindoflinkbetweentherulersandthemasses

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：是最近才發(fā)展起來的；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B：很久以前就在人們的信仰中消失了；C：統(tǒng)治了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，但現(xiàn)在不影響人們；D：在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在。第一段最后一句指出：Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite（與大多數(shù)國(guó)家，特別是西方國(guó)家的神話不同，印度神話仍然是從文盲大眾到受過教育的精英階層的社會(huì)各階層人民生活文化的一部分）。由此可知，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不正確，D項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在”正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A：經(jīng)常被重塑，以適應(yīng)新的歷史事件；題干問的是“古代信仰和神話……”，由此可定位至第二段開頭：TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme（印度人總是傾向于保留早期的信仰，并將其塑造為反映新的社會(huì)條件或?qū)⑦@些早期的信仰融入新的哲學(xué)體系），由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。B：當(dāng)不再是直接相關(guān)時(shí)被丟棄；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間），因此，印度古代信仰和神話并未被丟棄過，B項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。C：都是祭司編出來的；D：被祭司禁止。文章對(duì)于祭祀的描述僅存在于最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth（另一個(gè)不太公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話將他們的原始神靈編織進(jìn)婆羅門更復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們?cè)诖蟊娭械臋?quán)力和影響力）。由此可知，古代信仰和神話是祭司或婆羅門編造出來的，也并非被祭司禁止，C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題選A。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：泛神論的；B：多神論的；C：一神論的；D：無神論的。第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加，盡管幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，牧師和哲學(xué)家試圖將泛神論或一神論強(qiáng)加給人們）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：種姓制度受到祭司的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：種姓制度受到政府的支持，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；C：在印度神話中不道德的，原文只是說“在印度神話中被合法化”，因此此項(xiàng)不符合原文所述；D：非法，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thecastesystem可定位至第二段最后一句：Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology（牧師職位的另一個(gè)失敗之處是消除了種姓制度。種姓制度被視為非法，但在印度神話中被合法化），因此D項(xiàng)“非法”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：不斷地增加；B：慢慢減少；C：不變的，恒定的；D：速降。第二段指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing（這種趨勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加），由此可知，印度神話中神的數(shù)量“不斷增加”，故選A項(xiàng)。

6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在神話中被反映；B：完全脫離神話；C：在印度神話中被預(yù)言；D：在神話中被批判。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞如Historicalcircumstances，dynastic等可定位至文章第三段：Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople（印度神話是栩栩如生的神話，隨著歷史環(huán)境而逐漸發(fā)展，如王朝的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，以及印度人民所經(jīng)歷的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩），因此，A項(xiàng)“由神話反映”正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題，各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：勇士，原文并未提及此項(xiàng)；B：統(tǒng)治者；C：對(duì)群眾的影響不大；D：一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Brahmins可定位至最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass（另一個(gè)不太被公開承認(rèn)的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話的方式，將他們?cè)嫉纳窬幦肫帕_門更為復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們對(duì)大眾的權(quán)力和影響。通過這種方式，不是政治統(tǒng)治者的婆羅門保持和鞏固了對(duì)群眾的權(quán)力，從而確保了自己在皇帝階級(jí)中的地位和威望），由此可推斷出，婆羅門歷來是“一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶”，并且不是“統(tǒng)治者”，對(duì)群眾有一定的影響力，因此B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka______viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lenient“寬大的；仁慈的”；B選項(xiàng)divergent“相異的，分歧的；求異的，發(fā)散的；散開的”；C選項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲觀的，懷疑的”；D選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃驚的是，裁判對(duì)這次犯規(guī)很寬容，根本沒有處罰球員。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在的這十年中，有個(gè)一直使人感到進(jìn)退維谷的問題就是：現(xiàn)代教育究竟應(yīng)是通才教育還是專才教育。一些大學(xué)要求所有學(xué)生都學(xué)習(xí)跨越廣泛領(lǐng)域的共核課程，采取的是通才教育的方法。但有鑒于當(dāng)今信息爆炸和學(xué)生的多文化性，繼續(xù)調(diào)整他們的課程，以滿足學(xué)生更為急迫的職業(yè)需求，采取的是專才教育的方法。而由于沒有設(shè)置共核課程，學(xué)生往往缺乏有效參與到一體化社會(huì)中所必需的共享知識(shí)。

【答案】Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallthestudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

6.單選題

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先認(rèn)識(shí)到并充分欣賞你所處的階段，否則你無法做到這一點(diǎn)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“求職者應(yīng)該充分了解他們所處的階段”；A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)年輕人如果不學(xué)習(xí)四階段理論就找不到工作”，B選項(xiàng)“有好工作的年輕人學(xué)習(xí)過四階段理論”以及D選項(xiàng)“年長(zhǎng)的雇員將被年輕人逼出就業(yè)市場(chǎng)”未在原文提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多歲的人被困在勞動(dòng)力的中間階層，他們抱怨要等前輩為他們上層騰出空間）可知選B選項(xiàng)“40多歲的人”；A選項(xiàng)“年輕人經(jīng)常換工作”，C選項(xiàng)“年齡較大的員工有可能提前退休”以及D選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谒麄兊穆殬I(yè)周期中沒有完成四個(gè)階段”和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看來，兩代人之間的差異不是一個(gè)問題，而是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“兩代人之間的差異與其說是一個(gè)問題，不如說是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”；A選項(xiàng)“一代人的抱負(fù)遲早會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)“找到好工作主要取決于年齡”原文未提及；根據(jù)原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（產(chǎn)品或品牌的生命周期有四個(gè)階段。名字可能不同，但基本上這四個(gè)階段是入門，成長(zhǎng)，成熟和衰退。作為一名管理知名運(yùn)動(dòng)員30多年的經(jīng)理，我知道這四個(gè)階段肯定適用于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的職業(yè)生涯和市場(chǎng)價(jià)值）可知原文并沒有提到產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)性，D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)性可以與運(yùn)動(dòng)員的市場(chǎng)性相比較”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的入門或啟動(dòng)階段是指他或她開始比賽，表現(xiàn)出色，并在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中吸引人們的注意力）可知選A選項(xiàng)“入門階段”；B“增長(zhǎng)階段”，C選項(xiàng)“成熟階段”，D選項(xiàng)“衰退期”沒有提到吸引力這一項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“olderemployees”定位到原文倒數(shù)第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年長(zhǎng)員工……不是因?yàn)樗麄兛梢缘玫?，而是因?yàn)樗麄儞碛袉T工在入門和成長(zhǎng)階段所缺乏的品質(zhì)，即智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)）可知選D選項(xiàng)“他們有更多的智慧，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和負(fù)擔(dān)能力”，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谏L(zhǎng)階段擁有更好的品質(zhì)”和原文不符；A選項(xiàng)“他們善于推銷自己”，B選項(xiàng)“他們很聽話，很容易控制”未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

One’schancesofgettingintocollegecanbebolsteredbywritinganeffectiveapplicationessay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boasted

B.gratified

C.strengthened

D.indulged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干bolstered“加強(qiáng)，改善”。A項(xiàng)“自夸；自吹自擂”，B項(xiàng)“使高興；使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)”，D項(xiàng)“沉湎，沉迷”。因此選C。句意：通過撰寫有效的申請(qǐng)論文，可以提高一個(gè)人上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。

8.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdothey