考研考博-英語-吐魯番職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吐魯番職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Abenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand（）fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnishes

B.raises

C.accumulates

D.contributes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnishes“提供”；B選項(xiàng)raises“籌款”；C選項(xiàng)accumulates“積累”；D選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”。句意：義演是指一個(gè)慈善組織以折扣價(jià)買斷演出，并以全價(jià)出售門票來籌集資金的演出。本句表示籌集資金，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來將基因?qū)隩ILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因?qū)隩ILS，科學(xué)家們使用了一種病毒，利用它入侵細(xì)胞的自然傾向。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘入侵細(xì)胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，SCID是由……導(dǎo)致的。’根據(jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴(yán)重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由單個(gè)異?；蛞鸬拿溉狈σ?。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項(xiàng)‘單克隆抗體過量’、B選項(xiàng)‘腫瘤壞死因子過多’和C選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關(guān)系及this這個(gè)詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問‘為什么癌癥患者會(huì)對(duì)這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞重新植入患者體內(nèi)的想法似乎有點(diǎn)嚇人”推知A選項(xiàng)‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質(zhì)’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘疫苗是來自煙草植物’和D選項(xiàng)‘載體中的遺傳物質(zhì)可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒有提及，排除；C選項(xiàng)‘基因轉(zhuǎn)移的安全性尚未得到證實(shí)’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因轉(zhuǎn)移的可行性與安全性己經(jīng)得到證明。”互相矛盾，排除。

4.題目提問‘ADA通過下列哪一種途徑轉(zhuǎn)移到患者的T細(xì)胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因ADA通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)‘modifiedretrovirus經(jīng)過修改的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒’正確。

3.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這項(xiàng)研究吸引了媒體的廣泛報(bào)道,并在英國廣播公司電視臺(tái)的《明日世界》節(jié)目中進(jìn)行了專題報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最終取決于研究者的思維和選擇，定性研究一般受到研究者主體性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人員以學(xué)生身份和教師身份參與博士項(xiàng)目的主觀性和潛在偏見問題。

與此相關(guān)的一個(gè)限制是，受訪者可能難以適應(yīng)研究人員扮演采訪者的角色，麥克斯韋將這種現(xiàn)象稱為參與者反應(yīng)。

他們可能過于努力地與研究人員合作，向她提供他們認(rèn)為她正在尋找的答案，或者他們認(rèn)為可能對(duì)她有幫助的答案。

為了減少數(shù)據(jù)分析過程中潛在偏見的限制，研究者刪除了所有參與者的姓名，盲目地對(duì)所有訪談?dòng)涗涍M(jìn)行編碼，不將任何材料或數(shù)據(jù)與任何特定的個(gè)體相關(guān)聯(lián)。

5.單選題

Myhusbandatea____breakfastbeforehesetoffforhisremotefarmhouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prime

B.convenient

C.hearty

D.heady

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“prime”，意為“最初的，首位的”；B選項(xiàng)“convenient”，意為“方便的，附近的”；C選項(xiàng)“hearty”，意為“衷心的，強(qiáng)健的，營養(yǎng)豐富的，豐盛的”；D選項(xiàng)“heady”，意為“頑固的，任性的”。句意：我的丈夫在啟程去偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)舍之前，享用了一頓豐盛的早餐。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Abeautifulautumndaylikethis（

）forthewetsummerwehavehad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensates

B.revenges

C.balances

D.compels

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compensates“補(bǔ)償”；B選項(xiàng)revenges“復(fù)仇”；C選項(xiàng)balances“平衡”；D選項(xiàng)compels“強(qiáng)迫”。句意：像今天這樣美的秋天（）我們經(jīng)歷的潮濕的夏天。根據(jù)句意排除B，D。C選項(xiàng)一般不與介詞搭配，所以答案選A。compensatefor“彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償”。

7.單選題

Youcan（

）thevideocameraonatripod（三腳架），sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstand

B.fix

C.plant

D.dwell

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。withstand抵抗，反抗；fix固定；plant種植，培養(yǎng)；dwell居住，存在于。

句意：你可以將攝像機(jī)固定在三腳架上，這樣當(dāng)你提問的時(shí)候就不用擔(dān)心需要穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的抓住它了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Isentinvitationsto80people,（）havereplied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhomonly20ofthem

B.only20ofthemwho

C.ofwhomonly20

D.only20who

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：我邀請(qǐng)了80人,

其中只有20人回復(fù)了。of表從屬關(guān)系,

在這里指80人中的20人,whom指代80

人。選項(xiàng)A重復(fù),

選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

9.單選題

TheradicaltransformationofSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddleclasshusbandexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.

Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsontheSovietUnionwerewomen.

ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searning.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.This,too,wasanaspectoftheSoviettotalitarianstate.

1.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety（）.

2.Inthispassage,tomonopolizemeansto（）.

3.Inthispassage,mobilizedmeans（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto（）.

5.Theoverallorganizationalpatternofthispassageis（）.

6.Howaretheideaswithinthefollowingsentencerelated?“Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.”

7.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore

B.haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities

C.hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships.

D.movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hold

B.earn

C.leave

D.pay

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.punished

B.paid

C.fought

D.used

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellaninterestingstory

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.definition

B.example/illustration

C.chronologicalorder

D.comparison/contrast

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cause/effect

B.division/classification

C.summary

D.sequence/process

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.disapproving

B.emotional

C.objective

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第三段第一句為本文主旨句。“ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.”斯大林主義社會(huì)給了女性巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，但也要求她們做出巨大的犧牲。選項(xiàng)C符合原文主旨。

2.詞匯題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“monopolize”定位到第三段倒數(shù)第三句“Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.”原文指男性繼續(xù)壟斷著最好的工作。選項(xiàng)A“擁有”最能替代原文中的“monopolize”，所以正確。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“monopolize”定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.”無論如何，經(jīng)常被忽視的女性人力資源在斯大林社會(huì)被無情地使用。能與“humanresource”搭配使用且符合原文意思的只有選項(xiàng)D。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文可知，本文并沒有比較不同的政府體制，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；本文也不是在講述有趣的故事和娛樂讀者，所以選項(xiàng)B和C均錯(cuò)誤；只有選項(xiàng)D提供信息正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文可知，文中出現(xiàn)了很多時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵詞，并詳細(xì)講述了當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，所以本文主要是按照時(shí)間順序來寫的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.推理判斷題。句意：此外，全職工作的婦女在業(yè)余時(shí)間有沉重的家務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)30年代，大多數(shù)蘇聯(lián)男人仍然認(rèn)為家庭和孩子是婦女的責(zé)任。這句話前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“for”也可知選項(xiàng)A正確。cause/effect“因果關(guān)系”；division/classification“分類”，summary“總結(jié)”，sequence/process“過程”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是在陳述事實(shí)，并未帶有個(gè)人主義色彩的詞出現(xiàn)，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofthequestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析題。A選項(xiàng)outofthequestion“不可能的”B選項(xiàng);withinquestion“在….的問題”；C選項(xiàng)withoutquestion“毫無疑問，確鑿無疑”，用作副詞；D選項(xiàng)outofquestion“毫無疑問”，用作副詞。根據(jù)句意‘在兩個(gè)黨派之間如此的對(duì)抗之后，任何和解都將是不可能的?！挥蠥選項(xiàng)可以用作形容詞作be的表語，正確。

11.單選題

Theseseatsare（

）foroldandsickpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserved

B.deserved

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conserved“保存，保全”；B選項(xiàng)deserved“值得”；C選項(xiàng)preserved“保藏”；D選項(xiàng)reserved“保留”。句意：這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother:andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.

46.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.

47.TheSentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.

48.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat______.

49.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.

50.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

B.personaldataassistance

C.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

D.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

B.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

C.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse

D.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone

B.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

C.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

D.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

B.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

C.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

D.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImprovementinCommunications

B.TheInlineDoctorIsIn

C.ApplicationofTelemedicine

D.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)將是……”。第二段的第二句話提到Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.（然而，越來越多的遠(yuǎn)程診斷（遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療）將基于實(shí)際患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)），由此可知，遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)是患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)，因此D項(xiàng)“病人真實(shí)的生理數(shù)據(jù)”正確；A項(xiàng)“病人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀”，第二段第一句話提到Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.（網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀提供建議就是最明顯的例子），由此可知根據(jù)病人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀診斷的是網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生，而不是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療；B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備”，第二段第三句提到AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），由此可知，個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備是用來傳輸病人生命體征，只是一種傳輸途徑而已，這與題干的問題沒有干系；C項(xiàng)“傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”，倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），這里只是提到了帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像，沒有提到傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的基礎(chǔ)，所以不選。故該題選D。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有這樣的設(shè)備，家里是否有醫(yī)生的要求可能已經(jīng)成為過去。），由此可知，隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)藥的應(yīng)用，醫(yī)生和病人不需要在同一個(gè)地方才能進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)救治，因此要求醫(yī)生在現(xiàn)場已經(jīng)成為了過去式；我們這里的cry表示“需求，要求”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們可能不會(huì)問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“病人常?？拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”和C項(xiàng)“在過去，人們經(jīng)?？拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”中，cry理解錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“病人現(xiàn)在還在問房子里是否有醫(yī)生”，原文已經(jīng)提到要求醫(yī)生在場是過去式了，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下面所有的陳述都是正確的，除了……”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在通過電話傳送病人的生命體征是可行的”，文中第二段第三句提到itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“洪水不在文中提到的災(zāi)難之列”，第四段第三句提到Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.（通信衛(wèi)星可能能夠應(yīng)付諸如地震、戰(zhàn)爭或饑荒等災(zāi)害期間的短期需求），由此可知，文中只是提及了震后，戰(zhàn)爭和災(zāi)荒的應(yīng)急，確實(shí)沒有發(fā)洪水，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的趨勢是提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)的全球訪問”，第三段最后一句提到Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.（總的來說，趨勢是向全球提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)知識(shí)），由此可知C項(xiàng)也正確。D項(xiàng)“許多醫(yī)療小組正在使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為災(zāi)害應(yīng)對(duì)的一種工具”，根據(jù)第三段第二句Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.（至少有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望將遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為一種災(zāi)難應(yīng)對(duì)工具——尤其是在地震之后）可知，文中只是說有醫(yī)學(xué)小組在嘗試這一舉動(dòng)，而非成熟到可以被應(yīng)用，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第四段中的‘problem’指的是一個(gè)……事實(shí)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段前兩句Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（但有一個(gè)問題。帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），由此可知這個(gè)問題指的是帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像；所以C項(xiàng)“帶寬不足以在全世界傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的移動(dòng)電話來分發(fā)醫(yī)療情報(bào)”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一”，這只是帶寬的限制性因素之一，不夠全面，所以B項(xiàng)不選；D項(xiàng)“通信衛(wèi)星只能應(yīng)付災(zāi)害期間的短期需求”，這只是講述現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況，而不是問題，所以該項(xiàng)不選。故該題選C。

50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題會(huì)是……”。全文講述的主要是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療將取代過去醫(yī)生和病人必須同時(shí)在場的方式成為新的保健醫(yī)療的方式，并介紹了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的具體應(yīng)用和前景；因此C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的應(yīng)用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“改善通信”，這只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分；所以不選；B項(xiàng)“在線醫(yī)生”，文章不是討論在線醫(yī)生，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“如何遠(yuǎn)程診斷”，這也只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分，比較片面，故不選。因此，該題選C。

13.單選題

Somewealthierpeoplehavenotgrownupcaringfortheirsiblings,cousins,niecesandnephews,andhavenoideahowtobatheordressor________ababy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soothe

B.slap

C.sway

D.scrub

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.soothe安慰，撫慰B.slap掌擊，拍擊

C.sway搖擺，說服D.scrub擦洗，刷洗

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】havenoidea是固定搭配，意為“不知道”，空格處和下文的“ababy（孩子）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示不知道一些對(duì)待孩子的方法。or連接三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，說明空格處應(yīng)該和“bathe（洗澡）、dress（穿衣）”類似，結(jié)合前半句句意“一些較富裕的人在成長過程中沒有照顧過（caringfor）他們的兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹、侄女和侄子”可知，此處說的是照顧孩子過程中的一些事項(xiàng)。soothe指使焦躁不安的人平靜下來，在本句中指把哭鬧的孩子哄安靜，因此A選項(xiàng)soothe“安慰，撫慰”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)slap“掌擊，拍擊”指用手掌打某人或某物，不能和“caringfor（照顧）”相對(duì)應(yīng)；

C選項(xiàng)sway“搖擺，說服”指慢慢地從一邊移動(dòng)到另一邊或使某人相信某事或做某事，不能和“caringfor（照顧）”相對(duì)應(yīng)；

D選項(xiàng)scrub“擦洗，刷洗”指用力擦來清洗某物，不能和“baby（孩子）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】一些較富裕的人在成長過程中沒有照顧過他們的兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹、侄女和侄子，他們不知道如何給孩子洗澡、穿衣或哄孩子。

14.單選題

The（

）inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。weakness“弱點(diǎn)，嗜好”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處”；defect“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻礙了她的事業(yè)上升。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.

Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Jr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.”Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy,”saysDr.Laragh.“saltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed______.

2.Dr.Dustan’sstudyindicates______.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat______.

4.Whatdoes“moderationinsaltconsumption”mostprobablyrefersto?

5.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.posesasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth

B.curesdiseasessuchasheartproblemandcirculatorydisorders

C.correlatestosomediseases

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaydosomegoodtopeople’shealth

B.theamountofsaltintakedoesnotmakemuchdifferencetoone’sbloodpressure

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient

D.anextremelylow-saltdietresultsinalowbloodpressure

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldtakeexcessivesalt

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeople

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anexcessiveconsumptionofsalt.

B.Low-saltconsumption.

C.BothAandB.

D.NeitherAorB.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thecauseofhypertensionisnowunderstood.

C.Themoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Saltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”（近年來，醫(yī)生們對(duì)食鹽的攻擊不斷：不管你的健康如何，食鹽對(duì)你都有害。政客們也加入了進(jìn)來。美國國會(huì)議員尼爾?史密斯指出：“一個(gè)人攝入的鈉含量與心臟病、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病、中風(fēng)甚至早逝之間有直接關(guān)系。），說明醫(yī)生和政客認(rèn)為食鹽的攝入量與某些疾病的發(fā)生息息相關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)“與一些疾病有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)健康狀況不佳的人來說是一個(gè)加重的因素”在文章沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可以治療諸如心臟問題和循環(huán)系統(tǒng)紊亂等疾病”，由原文可知，食鹽會(huì)加重這些疾病，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“與患有心臟病的人沒有關(guān)系”與原文的表述相反，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.（低鹽飲食組中有一半的人血壓確實(shí)下降了，當(dāng)重新攝入鹽時(shí)，血壓又回到了之前的水平。），說明達(dá)斯頓博士的研究表明低鹽飲食會(huì)使血壓下降，回歸正常的血壓，對(duì)健康有好處。因此A選項(xiàng)“低鹽飲食可能對(duì)人們的健康有好處”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鹽的攝入量對(duì)人的血壓沒有什么影響”與原文的表述相反，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“減少鹽的攝入可以治愈高血壓患者”，D選項(xiàng)“低鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致低血壓的出現(xiàn)”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.（所以建議所有人都避免吃鹽是沒有意義的。），說明拉勒夫博士認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該建議所有人都避免吃鹽。因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該建議人們避免吃鹽”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該攝入過多的鹽”，C選項(xiàng)“建議人們攝入足夠的到過量的鹽”，D選項(xiàng)“攝入過量的鹽在普通人群中已經(jīng)造成了一些傷害”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“moderationinsaltconsumption”可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpra