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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-宜賓職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen()?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.identified
B.guaranteed
C.notified
D.conveyed
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:盡管人們已經(jīng)
可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件,但是仍不知道根本的原因。
Identify鑒別,識(shí)別;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保;notify通知,布告;convey傳達(dá),傳遞。所以,A項(xiàng)identify符合句意。
2.單選題
Alltheevidence()thathestolethemoney.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.recommends
B.proposes
C.suggests
D.advises
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)recommend“建議、推薦”,B項(xiàng)propose“建議、打算、求婚”,C項(xiàng)suggest“提議、顯示、暗示”,D項(xiàng)advise“勸告、忠告”;句意:所有的證據(jù)都顯示是他偷了錢。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.unrecording
B.tohavebeenunrecorded
C.unrecorded
D.tobeunrecorded
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:這些調(diào)查表明,許多犯罪沒(méi)有被警方記錄下來(lái),主要是因?yàn)椴⒎撬械氖芎φ叨紩?huì)報(bào)案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的賓語(yǔ)從句,manycrimes是主語(yǔ),go是系動(dòng)詞,橫線部分是表語(yǔ);根據(jù)by可知橫線部分有被動(dòng)含義,C選項(xiàng)unrecorded符合題意。A選項(xiàng)unrecording沒(méi)有被動(dòng)含義;B選項(xiàng)tohavebeenunrecorded和D選項(xiàng)tobeunrecorded用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.翻譯題
TheOlympicGamesareadisplayofinternationalgoodwill.Theceremonies,withtheiremphasisuponbothnationalismandinternationalism,areathrillingsighttosee.Atthestart,thekingorpresidentofthecountryinwhichtheOlympicGamesarebeingheldispresented.Thenationalanthemofhiscountryissung.Thenfollowsaparadeofallthecontestants,eachbearinghiscountry’sflagandshield.Thismarchisaccompaniedbyafanfareoftrumpets.WhentheOlympicflagisraised,gunsfireasalute.Doves,symbolsofpeace,arereleased.Finallythensacredfireislit.TheOlympicflameissetalightbyatorchthathasbeencarriedbyrelayrunnersallthewayfromOlympia,Greece.ThesacredfirethenburnsthroughouttheentireOlympicGames.
【答案】答:
奧運(yùn)會(huì)是一個(gè)展現(xiàn)國(guó)際友好的平臺(tái)。這些強(qiáng)調(diào)民族主義和國(guó)際主義的儀式是一種令人激動(dòng)的景象。儀式一開始出現(xiàn)的是舉辦國(guó)的國(guó)王或者總統(tǒng),并伴隨著該國(guó)國(guó)歌的奏起。然后是各個(gè)國(guó)家的運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍高舉自己國(guó)家的國(guó)旗和國(guó)徽,依次列隊(duì)入場(chǎng)。伴隨著這些游行隊(duì)伍的是聲勢(shì)浩大的喇叭聲。當(dāng)奧林匹克會(huì)會(huì)旗升起時(shí),鳴炮敬禮,象征和平的鴿子被放飛。最后,奧運(yùn)圣火由從希臘奧林匹亞山脈一路傳遞過(guò)來(lái)的火炬來(lái)點(diǎn)燃。神圣的奧運(yùn)會(huì)火焰將會(huì)照亮整個(gè)比賽進(jìn)程。
5.單選題
Herpanicwastransient,andceasedwhenshebegantospeak.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.beyonddescription
B.unnoticed
C.passingquickly
D.vague
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞和詞組辨析。transient“短暫的;路過(guò)的”;A選項(xiàng)beyonddescription“無(wú)法形容,難以形容”;B選項(xiàng)unnoticed“被忽視的;不引人注意的;未被注意的”;C選項(xiàng)passingquickly“飛逝的”;D選項(xiàng)vague“模糊的;含糊的”。句意:她的驚慌是暫時(shí)的,一開口就停止了。由題干中的“ceasedwhenshebegantospeak一開口就停止了”可推知transient在這里有“短暫的”的意思,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Ihaven’tgotthe()ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lightest
B.furthest
C.smallest
D.faintest
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lightest最輕的,最亮的;furthest最遠(yuǎn)的,最大程度的;smallest最小的;faintest一點(diǎn)也不的,極小的。由下文“你能說(shuō)清楚一些嗎?”可推知前面“我沒(méi)有弄懂你說(shuō)的意思”,故D項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Youaren'tgoingtothelibrary,areyou?(),I’mnotgoingtothelibrary.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Yes
B.No
C.OK
D.Allright
【答案】B
【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句的回答根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作答,空格后為否定的情況,故用No.B項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdifferenttooffer.Woodsdifferinthescenttheygiveoffandintheheattheyprovide.Thekindofwoodyouwillchoosedependsonyourownneedsandtastes.
Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.However,afirebuiltfromthesewoodsburnsoutquickly.Thiskindoffirerequiresalotofattention.Itneedsnewlogsaddedtokeepthefireburning.Afirebuiltfromsoftwoodsmightbeidealforyouatcertaintimes.Youmaywantaquickwarmingfirethatwillburnoutbeforeyougotobed.
Foralong-lastingfire,itisbesttouseheavierwoods.Thesewouldbeash,beech,birch,maple,andoak.Thesewoodsdon’tburnasfast.Oakgivesthemostevenandshortestflames.Italsoproducessteady,glowingcoals.Whenyouhaveseveraloaklogsburninginyourgrate,youcansettlebackforasteadyshowofflame.
Ifyouwantagood-smellingfire,usethewoodfromfruittrees.Apple,cherry,andnuttreesallproducepleasantscents.Theirsmokeusuallysmellslikethetree’sfruit.
Bymixingsoftwoodswithhardwoods,youcangetalong-lasting,easy-to-lightfire.Later,byaddingsomefruitwood,youcanproduceapleasantscentaswell.
Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.
Letonlyaninchortwoofashcollectsatthebottomofthegrate.Anymorethanthiscanruintheandirons.Toomuchashblockstheflowofairtothefire.Someashisneededtoformthebedfortheglowingcoalsthatdropthroughthegrate.Theyhelptoholdtheheatanddirectdraftsofairuptothebaseofthefire.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?
2.Spruceburnswitha().
3.Inordertogetmoreheatoutofyourfireplace,youshould().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Fruitwooddoesnotburnwellinthefireplace.
B.Wetwoodiseasydriedinahomefireplace.
C.Youshouldchooseyourfireplacewoodcarefully.
D.Heavierwoodscankeepalong-lastingfire.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.coldflame
B.hotflame
C.shortflame
D.steadyflame
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.addnewlogstothebackofthefire
B.cleanyourchimneyonceayear
C.rakecoalstowardtherearofthefireplace
D.ruintheandirons
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要談及壁爐選擇木材取決于需要和品味??梢缘弥狢選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)選擇你的壁爐木材”符合題意。
2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.”,中文翻譯為:松樹、云杉和冷杉因柔軟而容易點(diǎn)燃。它們迅速燃燒,火焰很熱。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)二段“Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.”,中文翻譯為:一般說(shuō)來(lái),生一堆好火不需要超過(guò)四根木頭。調(diào)整原木以保持火焰。不時(shí)地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木,以重新點(diǎn)燃即將熄滅的火焰。在添加新原木之前,把煤耙到爐排前面,并把新原木放在后面。在那里,它們將把光和熱反射進(jìn)房間。故A為正確選項(xiàng)。
9.單選題
Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe(
)inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.trivialities
B.biases
C.constraints
D.paradoxes
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。triviality“淺薄,輕浮,瑣事”;bias“偏見,偏愛”;constraint“約束,局促”;paradox“悖論,反論,似非而是的論點(diǎn),自相矛盾的人或事”。句意:電影的歷史反映了這種媒體本身具備的矛盾:電影將靜止的照片結(jié)合在一起區(qū)別表現(xiàn)連續(xù)的動(dòng)作,而當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)生活時(shí),也經(jīng)常提供一些不可能的和不真實(shí)的東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
10.單選題
Fewpeoplestill______lawyersandpoliticiansmerelybecauseofthepositionstheyhold.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.venerate
B.revere
C.acclaim
D.accolade
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)venerate“崇敬,尊敬”,尤指對(duì)被認(rèn)為神圣或重要的人或事物表示尊敬、崇敬;B項(xiàng)revere“敬畏,尊敬”,指對(duì)某人或某事物極為尊敬或欽佩;C項(xiàng)acclaim“稱贊,為……喝彩”,D項(xiàng)accolade為名詞,表示“贊揚(yáng),表?yè)P(yáng)”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處需要填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,D項(xiàng)排除。根據(jù)句子意思“很少人仍然……律師和政治家,僅僅因?yàn)樗麄兯鶕碛械穆毼弧笨芍?,空格處填入“尊敬”符合,只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意:現(xiàn)在很少有人僅僅因?yàn)槁蓭熀驼偷穆毼欢鹁此麄?。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
11.單選題
Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas()byhiscolleagues.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.imaginative
B.ingenious
C.impractical
D.theoretical
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他的想法總是被同事們認(rèn)為()。condemn意為“譴責(zé),反對(duì)”,表明其后的形容詞應(yīng)為貶義詞。A選項(xiàng)imaginative想象的,虛構(gòu)的;B選項(xiàng)ingenious聰明的,精巧的;C選項(xiàng)impractical不切實(shí)際的,不實(shí)用的;D選項(xiàng)theoretical理論上的。C選項(xiàng)impractical符合句意和邏輯。
12.單選題
Ourteacherdidn’thavetimesofartogointoit(
),buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inturn
B.athand
C.inconclusion
D.atlength
【答案】D
【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inturn“依次,輪流地”;athand“手頭,在手邊”;inconclusion“綜述,總結(jié)”;atlength“終于,詳盡地”。句意:到目前為止,我們老師沒(méi)有時(shí)間詳細(xì)討論,但他給了我們一個(gè)關(guān)于他計(jì)劃的想法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
13.單選題
AKoreanmanufacturerhas(
)usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.referred
B.offered
C.gave
D.told
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refer“涉及”;offer“提供”;give“給予”;tell“告訴”。
句意:韓國(guó)生產(chǎn)商的出價(jià)比你們的低。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
14.單選題
Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence.TheLivingWebsterEncyclopedicDictionarydefinescultureastheacquiredabilityofanindividualorpeopletorecognizeandappreciategenerally-acceptedaestheticandintellectualexcellence.Thisallowsampleroomforthedominantwesterncivilizationtoimposeitsvalue-system,especiallywhentheabilitytorecognizegenerally-acceptedestheticandintellectualexcellenceisacquired.
Globalizationmeansnotmerelyconformitybutalsouniformitytothedominant,primarilyAmericanculture.Thisappliesasmuchtofoodasitdoestomusicandclothes.PeoplearoundtheworldareexpectedtoeatfatMcDonaldhamburgers,drinkPepsiorCoke,wearLevijeansanddancetoMichaelJacksonmusic.AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage.FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.TheAmericandollar,whichhasbecometheglobalcurrency,isalsoanimportantfacilitator.
Cultureisnotvalue-free.Itbringswithitsuchotherbeliefsasfeministrhetoric(言舌辛),concernaboutenvironmentalissues,drugs,andtherighttohaveanabortionandtohavechildrenoutofmarriage.Selectiveconcernfornarrowly-definedhumanrightsanddemocracyaresomeofitsotherpetprojects.Advocatesofglobalculturearguethatitwillhelpcreateamorepeacefulworld.Thisistheflipsideoftheglobaleconomyargumentwhichissupposedtobringprosperitytoallhumanbeings.Allavailableevidencepointsintheoppositedirection.Economicglobalizationhasmeantthattherichhavebecomericherandthepoorpoorer.Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization.
Likeeconomicsandpolitics,cultureisalsopeddledthroughanumberofmechanisms.InadditiontoHollywoodandCNN,anumberofgroupsinnon-westernsocietiesareavailabletopushthedominantAmericanculturedownthethroatsofotherpeoples.Often,itisdifficulttoresistsuchoutpouring.Sincecultureisnotseparatefrompoliticalandeconomicconsiderations,politicalandbusinesseliteshavebecomeitspurveyors(承辦商).Forinstance,non-westernbusinessmenhaveatendencytoacquirewesternculturalhabitstobeabletorubshoulderswiththeirwesterncounterparts.Itisnosecretthattherichinpoorcountrieshavemoreincommonwiththerichinrichcountriesthantheyhavewiththepoorintheirowncountries.
1.Weknowfromthefirstpassagethat().
2.Whichofthefollowinggivesthechiefimpetustoglobalization?
3.Theauthorendsthethirdpassagewithimplicationthat().
4.AllthefollowingareaidingtheAmericanculturetosweeptheworldEXCEPT().
5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward“globalculturewillhelptocreateamorepeacefulworld”?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.globalizationwillhaveanimpactonculture
B.cultureandGlobalizationhavenorelations
C.culturewillfacilitateglobalization
D.culturewillavoidtheinfluenceofglobalization
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.English
B.Germany
C.France
D.Dollars
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Americanculturewillultimatelyreplacetheothercultures
B.thedominantwesterncultureshouldn’treplacehumandiversity
C.Americandemocracyappliestoallthecountries
D.Globalculturalwillmakeapeacefulword
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.FrenchandGermanpeople
B.somegroupsisnon-westernsocieties
C.non-westernpoliticalandbusinesselites
D.HollywoodandCNN
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Sentimental
B.Disappointed
C.Negative
D.Positive
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們能從第一段得到什么信息?”文章第一段第一句話提到“隨著全球化成為政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的最新潮流,很難想象文化會(huì)逃脫其無(wú)處不在的影響”(Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence),由此可知文化也受全球化的影響,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪項(xiàng)對(duì)全球化有促進(jìn)作用?”文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句話提到“在這場(chǎng)全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)中,英語(yǔ)發(fā)揮了重要作用”(AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage),因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者在第三段結(jié)尾暗示了什么?”第三段結(jié)尾提到“全球化意味著人類的多樣性將被美國(guó)的赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷。奧斯卡?王爾德曾說(shuō)美國(guó)是一個(gè)沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)文明階段而從殘忍過(guò)渡到墮落的國(guó)家”(GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization),由此可知作者暗示“占統(tǒng)治地位的西方文化不應(yīng)該取代人類的多樣性”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下面哪項(xiàng)不是美國(guó)文化席卷全球的促進(jìn)因素?”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“法國(guó)和德國(guó)試圖推銷他們的語(yǔ)言但是失敗了”(FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful),由此可知這兩個(gè)國(guó)家是沒(méi)有幫助美國(guó)文化席卷全球的,他們致力于推廣自己的文化,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者對(duì)‘全球文化將創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)更和平的世界’這句話的態(tài)度是什么?”文章第三段提到“當(dāng)有很多相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的利益要求支持時(shí),為什么統(tǒng)一的全球文化應(yīng)該帶來(lái)和平?全球文化意味著人類的多樣性將被美國(guó)赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷”(Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness),由此可知,作者對(duì)“全球文化將創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)更和平的世界”這句話是持否定態(tài)度的,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Newparentsareannoying.Theythinkyouwanttohearabouteverygurgleandbaby-step.Butitcouldbeworse.Whenyourbosshasasprog,watchyourwallet.
AstudytobepublishednextmonthinAdministrativeScienceQuarterlylooksatwhathappenstoworkers’paywhenamalebosshasachild.ResearcherstrackedsalariesateveryfirminDenmarkwithmorethantenemployeesbetween1996and2006.(Theyconfinedthemselvestomalebossespartlybecausethesampleoffemalebosseswastoosmall.)
Malebosses,itturnsout,paythemselvessignificantlymoreoncetheybecomefathers.Evenaftercontrollingforfactorssuchasage,lengthoftenureandtheperformanceofthefirm,thestudyfoundthatbosseswithdaughterspaythemselves3.5%morethanchildlessones.Iftheyhaveason,thatincreasestoahefty6.4%.DavidRossofColumbiaBusinessSchool,oneoftheauthors,saysallfathersfeeladutytosupporttheirfamilies.Forgruntsthismeansworkingharder.Bosseshavethemoreagreeableoptionofraisingtheirownwages.
Thisisbadnewsforunderlings.Thatextramoneycomesoutofworkers’pockets,thestudyfinds.Staffemployedbyafatheristypicallypaidless.Theamountdependsonsuchthingsasthesexofthebabyandwhetheritishisfirstchild.Maleemployeesbearthegrunt:iftheboss’schildisason,forexample,theycanexpect0.5%lesssalarythanifhehadn’treproduced.
Femalestafffarebetter.Aftertheirboss’sfirstchild,theycanexpecttobepaidalittlemore.Mr.Rossspeculatesthatthismightbebecause,havingseentheirwivesgothroughchildbirth,theystarttorespectwomenmore.Alas,suchgoodwilldoesn’tlast.Oncethebosshasasecondchild,femaleworkers’wagesarelikelytofall,justlikemen’s.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdescribesthestudyCORRECTLY?
2.Accordingtothepassage,oncetheybecomefathers,malebossestendto______.
3.Thestudyrevealsthatuponsteppingintofatherhood,______.
4.Whatdoesthesentence“Maleemployeesbearthegrunt”inparagraph4mean?
5.Aftertheboss’sfirstchild,comparedwithmales,femaleworkersare______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ItwasconductedbyaDenmarkfirm.
B.Itwasalarge-scaleandlongitudinalstudy.
C.Itwasasystematicandtime-consumingstudy.
D.Ittrackedthesalariesoftenemployeesfromeveryfirm.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.paymoretothosewithsons
B.makethefirmearnmoremoney
C.differduetofactorssuchasageetc.
D.takemoremoneyfromtheirunderlings
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.employeesneedtoworkharderthanbosses
B.bossesandemployeesdifferintheiroptionsofduty
C.bothbossesandemployeesneedtoearnmoremoney
D.bossesaremoreagreeablethanemployees
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Maleemployeesareangry.
B.Maleemployeessuffermost.
C.Maleemployeesdifferfromothers.
D.Maleemployeescomplainaboutthesituation.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.inadifferentsituation
B.paidalittlebitmore
C.morerespected
D.justlikemen
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdescribesthestudyCORRECTLY?1.根據(jù)文章,關(guān)于這項(xiàng)研究下列哪項(xiàng)描述是正確的?
A.ItwasconductedbyaDenmarkfirm.A.它是由一家丹麥公司進(jìn)行的。
B.Itwasalarge-scaleandlongitudinalstudy.B.這是一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的縱向研究。
C.Itwasasystematicandtime-consumingstudy.C.這是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)而耗時(shí)的研究。
D.Ittrackedthesalariesoftenemployeesfromeveryfirm.D.它跟蹤調(diào)查了每家公司十名員工的工資。
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“下月即將在《行政管理學(xué)季刊》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告顯示,當(dāng)男性雇主有了孩子之后,員工的薪水會(huì)發(fā)生怎樣的變化。1996年至2006年間,研究人員在丹麥對(duì)所有雇員人數(shù)十人以上的公司的員工薪水進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查(調(diào)查范圍限于男性雇主,部分原因是由于女性雇主的樣本過(guò)?。!笨芍?,這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)丹麥所有雇員超過(guò)十人的公司都進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,目的是比較員工的薪水在男性雇主有孩子之后有什么變化規(guī)律,這是一種縱向分析的調(diào)查,所以推斷這項(xiàng)研究是一項(xiàng)大型的縱向研究,縱向研究(longitudinalstudy)也叫追蹤研究,是指在一段相對(duì)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)同一個(gè)或同一批被試進(jìn)行重復(fù)的研究。B項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的縱向研究”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“它是由一家丹麥公司進(jìn)行的”文中沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有;
C項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)而耗時(shí)的研究”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這項(xiàng)研究跨度十年,是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)的研究,但是文中并沒(méi)有依據(jù)能推斷這項(xiàng)研究是系統(tǒng)的,所以該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
D項(xiàng)“它追蹤了每家公司十名員工的工資”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查的是員工超過(guò)十人的公司的員工薪水,不是每家公司十名員工的工資,該項(xiàng)曲解原文。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Accordingtothepassage,oncetheybecomefathers,malebossestendto______.2.根據(jù)這篇文章,男性老板一旦成為父親,他們往往會(huì)______。
A.paymoretothosewithsonsA.給那些有兒子的人更多的錢
B.makethefirmearnmoremoneyB.讓公司賺更多的錢
C.differduetofactorssuchasageetc.C.因年齡等因素而不同
D.takemoremoneyfromtheirunderlingsD.從下屬那里拿走更多的錢
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“事實(shí)證明,男性雇主在成為父親之后,會(huì)對(duì)自己的薪酬更加慷慨”,以及第四段第二句“研究發(fā)現(xiàn),超出的這部分錢來(lái)自員工的口袋”,綜合理解可知,男性雇主一旦成為父親,他們會(huì)給自己加薪,但是這部分錢卻是來(lái)自于員工,所以D項(xiàng)“從下屬那里拿走更多的錢”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“給那些有兒子的人更多的錢”根據(jù)第四段第三句“已為人父的老板手下員工的工資通常相對(duì)較低”可知,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“讓公司賺更多的錢”沒(méi)有提及,無(wú)中生有;
C項(xiàng)“因年齡等因素而不同”根據(jù)第三段第二句“盡管此項(xiàng)研究對(duì)年齡、任職時(shí)間、公司業(yè)績(jī)等因素進(jìn)行了控制,但還是發(fā)現(xiàn),生女兒的老板付給自己的薪酬比沒(méi)有孩子的老板高出百分之三點(diǎn)五”可知,即便進(jìn)行了年齡等因素的控制,研究還是發(fā)現(xiàn)男性雇主成為父親之后就會(huì)給自己加薪,也就是說(shuō)這不受年齡等因素的影響,所以該項(xiàng)反向干擾。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.Thestudyrevealsthatuponsteppingintofatherhood,______.3.研究顯示,當(dāng)成為父親后,______。
A.employeesneedtoworkharderthanbossesA.員工需要比老板更努力工作
B.bossesandemployeesdifferintheiroptionsofdutyB.老板和雇員的職責(zé)選擇不同
C.bothbossesandemployeesneedtoearnmoremoneyC.老板和員工都需要賺更多的錢
D.bossesaremoreagreeablethanemployeesD.老板比員工更討人喜歡
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“該研究報(bào)告的作者之一哥倫比亞商學(xué)院的DavidRoss表示,所有父親都會(huì)感到有掙錢養(yǎng)家的責(zé)任”可知,當(dāng)一個(gè)男性成為了父親,不管是老板還是普通員工都需要賺更多的錢養(yǎng)家,C項(xiàng)“老板和員工都需要賺更多的錢”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“員工需要比老板更努力工作”根據(jù)解題思路可知,老板和員工都一樣要努力賺錢,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
B項(xiàng)“老板和雇員的職責(zé)選擇不同”和D項(xiàng)“老板比員工更討人喜歡”沒(méi)有提及,這兩項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.Whatdoesthesentence“Maleemployeesbearthegrunt”inparagraph4mean?4.第四段中“Maleemployeesbearthebrunt”這句話是什么意思?
A.Maleemployeesareangry.A.男員工很生氣。
B.Maleemployeessuffermost.B.男性員工遭受的損失最大。
C.Maleemployeesdifferfromothers.C.男性員工與其他員工不同。
D.Maleemployeescomplainaboutthesituation.D.男員工抱怨這種情況。
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段最后一句“男性雇員bearthebrunt:譬如說(shuō),如果老板的孩子是兒子,預(yù)計(jì)男員工的工資可能會(huì)比老板沒(méi)有孩子的情況少0.5%”,從中可知,如果男性雇主的孩子是兒子,那么雇主將增加自己的薪酬,而這部分額外的薪酬來(lái)自于員工,男性員工的工資會(huì)比沒(méi)有孩子的男性雇主少,也就是說(shuō)男性員工將承受損失,故推斷Maleemployeesbearthebrunt表達(dá)的意思是“男性首當(dāng)其沖地受到工資低的待遇”,故B項(xiàng)“男性員工遭受的損失最大”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“男員工很生氣”、C項(xiàng)“男性員工與其他員工不同”和D項(xiàng)“男員工抱怨這種情況”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù),屬于無(wú)中生有。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
5.Aftertheboss’sfirstchild,comparedwithmales,femaleworkersare______.5.老板生完第一個(gè)孩子后,與男性相比,女性員工_____。
A.inadifferentsituationA.所處境遇不同
B.paidalittlebitmoreB.工資要稍微高一些
C.morerespectedC.更受尊重
D.justlikemenD.和男性員工一樣
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“女性員工要好過(guò)一些。老板有了第一個(gè)孩子以后,預(yù)計(jì)她們的工資可能會(huì)提高一點(diǎn)?!笨芍习迳甑谝粋€(gè)孩子后,與男性相比,女性員工的待遇會(huì)好一點(diǎn),A項(xiàng)“所處境遇不同”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B項(xiàng)“工資要稍微高一些”,文中只提到女性工資會(huì)有所增加,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明是否比男性員工的工資高,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
C項(xiàng)“更受尊重”根據(jù)最后一段第三句“羅斯先生猜測(cè),這可能是因?yàn)閯倓偪吹狡拮咏?jīng)歷分娩,老板開始更加尊重婦女的原因”可知,受到尊重只是羅斯的個(gè)人猜測(cè),該項(xiàng)出處錯(cuò)位;
D項(xiàng)“和男性員工一樣”根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
16.單選題
EveryU.S.Presidentmusttakeanoathtoupholdtheconstitution.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ritual
B.pledge
C.option
D.position
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ritual“儀式,慣例”,B項(xiàng)pledge“保證,誓言”,C項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng),選擇權(quán)”,D項(xiàng)position“位置,姿態(tài),處境”。句意:每一位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)都必須宣誓維護(hù)憲法。oath在句中表示“誓言”。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
17.單選題
Apersonmustsatisfyhisphysiologicalneeds,suchasfood,clothingandshelter,before()anyotherobjective.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.recovering
B.searching
C.chasing
D.pursuing
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recovering“恢復(fù),再生”;B選項(xiàng)searching“查找,思索”;C選項(xiàng)chasing“追趕;追求(事業(yè)、金錢、異性)”;D選項(xiàng)pursuing“追趕;追問(wèn);努力實(shí)現(xiàn)(目標(biāo))”。句意:一個(gè)人必須先滿足生理需要,如衣食住行,才能()任何其他的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,pursuing“努力實(shí)現(xiàn)(目標(biāo))”搭配objective“目標(biāo)”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.
Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.
Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.
Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.
Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.
Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.
Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.
1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.
2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?
3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.
4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?
5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assertive
B.snobbish
C.approving
D.critical
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Unfeminine.
B.Powerful.
C.Obedient.
D.Unmasculine.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage
B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices
C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated
D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.
B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.
C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.
D.Noneoftheabove.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.malesareunabletodoso
B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat
C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech
D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對(duì)女性話語(yǔ)和男性話語(yǔ)劃分的態(tài)度是______。
A.assertiveA.肯定的,獨(dú)斷的
B.snobbishB.勢(shì)利的
C.approvingC.贊成的
D.criticalD.批判的
【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分,需要堅(jiān)定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力(considerableeffort)。它也會(huì)讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢(fairlyfoolish)的判斷,尤其是在語(yǔ)言方面。”,從considerable和fairlyfoolish可以看出,作者對(duì)于男性和女性語(yǔ)言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此,D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“肯定的,獨(dú)斷的”、B選項(xiàng)“勢(shì)利的”曲解原文;
C選項(xiàng)“贊成的”與原文相反,反向干擾。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思?
A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。
B.Powerful.B.強(qiáng)大的。
C.Obedient.C.順從的。
D.Unmasculine.D.無(wú)男子漢氣概的。
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會(huì)說(shuō)自信的女孩是非女性化的(unfeminine),能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate,并試圖改變他們,同時(shí)仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話的刻板印象”,從中可知,effeminate與unfeminine是相對(duì)應(yīng)的,自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化,那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會(huì)被認(rèn)為非男性化,所以推測(cè)effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項(xiàng)符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“不像女性的”與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的”、C選項(xiàng)“順從的”屬于曲解原文。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來(lái)表示______。
A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異
B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話,女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話
C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語(yǔ)言中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明
D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是語(yǔ)言
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】首先,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段,該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容:我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào),女性是高音調(diào),但是解剖學(xué)也無(wú)法解釋這種音高差異;也就是說(shuō)音高中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異,問(wèn)題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上,而不是語(yǔ)言上。”,可知即使知道了性別差異,也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并不能從語(yǔ)言上來(lái)很好區(qū)分,作者以pitch為例就是做一個(gè)類比,所以同樣地,語(yǔ)言中的性別差異也無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的,張冠李戴;
B選項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話,女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的,屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是語(yǔ)言”也與題干無(wú)關(guān),張冠李戴。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)不屬于女性談話的刻板印象?
A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。
B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。
C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話。
D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實(shí)比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯,或者在句子中間停止說(shuō)話,或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?,?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場(chǎng)時(shí),她們就不會(huì)這樣做”,以及第四段第一句“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征(characteristicsoffemale)都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”,綜合理解可知,女性語(yǔ)言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑椋@是我們對(duì)女性談話的刻板印象。只有D項(xiàng)“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖,但符合題意,故選擇D項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項(xiàng)“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項(xiàng)“句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話”均符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說(shuō)話是因?yàn)開_____。
A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做
B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑
C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn),而不是男性說(shuō)話的特點(diǎn)
D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖學(xué)證明,男性的音高往往比女性低
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性沒(méi)有高聲說(shuō)話,通常并不是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苓@樣做。原因更有可能是處罰(penaltie
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