2022年英語議論文的寫作方法

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版英語議論文的寫作方法1議論文的寫作步驟1審題analyze2.構(gòu)思brainstorming3.列提綱outline4寫作write5.檢查check2議論文的三要素:

論點(diǎn)：是作者在文章中提出的對(duì)某一個(gè)問題或某一類事件的看法、觀點(diǎn)、主張，它要求要正確、鮮明、有針對(duì)性。一篇議論文只能有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)．論點(diǎn)一般在開頭提出，然后加以論證．

論據(jù)：是證明論點(diǎn)正確的證據(jù)，要想證明論點(diǎn)的正確，首先，論據(jù)必須讓人覺得真實(shí)、可信，能夠充分證明論點(diǎn)。其次，論據(jù)要具有典型性，能收到“以一當(dāng)十”的效果。第三，論據(jù)要新穎，盡可能尋找一些新鮮的、能給人以新的感受和啟示的論據(jù)，一般是以事實(shí)為論據(jù)，也可以利用成語，格言，名人名言作為論據(jù)．〔見后論證方式〕

論證：是議論文中必不可少的局部。一段完整的議論，只有通過論證證明論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，才能將論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)融為一體，也才能構(gòu)成一篇完整的、有說服力的文章。3應(yīng)對(duì)EFL議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)↗四段式：利弊類(“一分為二〞的觀點(diǎn)．從兩方面去分析一個(gè)問題,闡述自己的觀點(diǎn).)議論文↘五段式/三段：途徑方法類(“怎樣……〔howto〕〞型．分析怎樣解決一個(gè)問題如“怎樣克服學(xué)習(xí)中碰到的困難〞)我的觀點(diǎn)類(“我認(rèn)為……〞型．闡述對(duì)某一事物的客觀看法.如“你對(duì)課外閱讀的看法)現(xiàn)象論說類(針對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)討論話題展開評(píng)論，闡述自己的觀點(diǎn))所有的EFL作文都可以總結(jié)成兩種寫作模式:4段式和5段式4段式:用“owningacar〞為例Para.1Introduction(3-4句話/結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題)Eg.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety/world,it’sahotissue/topicofowningacar…inmypointofview,everythinglikesacoinhastwosides.Para.2Advantages(中心句:Therearealotofadvantagesofowningacar.)分三點(diǎn)表達(dá),分別給出supportingideas.中間需要用到漂亮的連接詞...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Para.3Disadvantages(中心句:Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,owningacaralsohaveseveraldisadvantages.)仍然分三點(diǎn)表達(dá),分別給出supportingideas.中間需要用漂亮的連接詞.Para.4Conclusion(在結(jié)尾局部,你可以給出你自己的看法,eg.Asismentionedabove,Ipreferto…)5/3段式:用“LearningEnglish〞為例Para.1Introduction(3-4)Eg.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,EnglishplaysanimportantroleofInternationalcommunication.Itwillhelpus…..Para.2Reason中心句+展開Eg.Englishisanofficiallanguage.Para.3Reason中心句+展開Eg.EnglishisagreattoolforustodoInternationalbusiness.Para.4Reason中心句+展開Eg.Englishisgoodforustolearnforeignculturesandmakefriends.Para.5Conclusion(結(jié)尾局部可以答復(fù)剩余的問題,總結(jié)全文,給出建議…)4怎么列提綱〔提綱與文章的區(qū)別〕以四段式為例：看電視的利與弊AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTV

OUTLINE:Beginning:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTVAdvantages:Firstly,expandyourknowledgebywatchingTVSecondly,mayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowviaTVThirdly,goeverywherebytravelingprograms.Disadvantages:Firstly,becomeshort-sightedSecondly,giveuptheirstudiesConclusion:WhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanESSAY:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTV.SoTVplaysaveryimportantpartinourlife.ButwatchingTVhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,youcanexpandyourknowledgebywatchingTV.Asweallknow,learningthingsbyTVismuchfasterthanbylisteningtotheradioorjustbyreadingbooks.Forithascolorfulpicturesaswellaswonderfulmusic.Secondly,youmayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowthroughTVsuchasfamoussingers,superstars,scientistsandsoon.Onceyouheardanamewhomyoudidn’tknowbeforefromtheparty,youneverworriedaboutthatyouhavenochancetoknowhim...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版JustturnontheTV,maybeheisonthescreenofsomeprogramWhatsmore,youcangoeverywherebytravelingprograms.Let’ssuppose,ifyouliketravelingverymuch,butyouhavetoworkonweekendsorholidays,youmustbeverysad.AndnowopenyourTVandit’lltakeyoutoanywhere.

Everycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesarealsoobvious.Forexample,watchingtoomuchTVcaneasilybecomeshort-sighted,especiallyforchildrenandstudents.Thiswillinfluencesomanyaspectsofthem,likehuntingjobs,applyingforsomeprofessionalmajorswhenstudentsfinishedtheircollegeentranceexaminations.Tomakemattersworse,someyoungstudentsarekeenonwatchingTVsothattheygiveuptheirstudiesgradually.Moreandmorechildrenandstudentsbecomethefansofthemoviestars,nomatterhowlateitis,theystillstaybeforetheTVsettowatchthesoapopera.

Throughaboveanalysis,IthinkwatchingTVisawayofstudying,itisgoodforustowatchTV.ButwhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanotherwisewatchingTVwilldestroyourlife.

5正文段包括主題句擴(kuò)展句結(jié)尾句論證方式：歸納法：是指從特殊到一般，就是先羅列一系列論據(jù)，可以是事實(shí)論據(jù)，也可以是理論論據(jù)，也可以兼而有之，然后自然而然地概括出其中的道理或規(guī)律。演繹法：是從一般到特殊。是作者現(xiàn)提出自己的論點(diǎn)，然后援引一系列的事實(shí)或理論論據(jù)加以論證。例證法：用事例來證明論點(diǎn)類比法：用讀者熟悉的事物來類比陌生的事物，以證明這一陌生事物具有某種特點(diǎn)，從而論證作者的觀點(diǎn)。比較對(duì)照法：比較對(duì)照兩個(gè)人、事物之間的相同及不同之處，從而證明作者的論點(diǎn)。6.關(guān)聯(lián)詞表層次:(一二三原那么)First—second—thirdFirstly-secondly-thirdlyThefirst-thesecond-thethirdInthefirstplace—inthesecondplace—inthethirdplaceTobeginwith/then/furthermore/finallyTostartwith/next/inaddition/finallyFirstandforemost/besides/lastbutnotleastMostimportantofall/moreover/finallyFirstofall/furthermore/finallyOntheonehand/ontheotherhandForonething/foranotherthing(兩者)表觀點(diǎn):Personally;..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Inmyopinion;AsfarasIamconcerned;AsfarasIknow;WhatIwanttostressisthat…(我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是…);…h(huán)oldtheopinionthat…某人持有…的主張;Accordingtosb,…依照某人的觀點(diǎn)看,…;表轉(zhuǎn)折:However,but表讓步:Although,Though,Despitethefactthat表因果:Because,As,Since,Therefore,thus,so表遞進(jìn):notonly…,butalso…,aswellas表概括:Inaword;Inshort;Tosumup;inconclusion;allinall;altogether;inbrief;basically;fundamentally;generally7檢查十個(gè)方面：根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)9：中心，內(nèi)容4：結(jié)構(gòu)6：時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，拼寫1：標(biāo)點(diǎn)，字?jǐn)?shù)，清潔，標(biāo)題寫作練習(xí)題：

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版1四段式：談?wù)勑７瞫chooluniforms〕.Referenceoutline:一Begnning:…thereisaheateddiscussionthatifthestudentsshouldwearschooluniforms.二Advantages〔for〕:

1.Studentslookneatandtidy.

2.Thepublicknowswhichschoolyouarefrom.3.Parentsallpaythesamemoney.4.Studentsdon’tworryaboutfashions.

5.Teacherscanidentifystudentsonschooltrips.6.Gooddisciplineforstudents.三Disadvantages〔against):1.Uniformsareexpensive.2.Childrengrowfast,neednewuniforms.

3.Someuniformsareveryuncomfortable.

4.Studentsalllookthesame,can’tbeindividuals.5.Getboredwithsameclotheseveryday.

四Conclusion:Throughaboveanalysis,wecanseethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeones.Therefore,Iaminfavorof…..2五段式：(2)談?wù)劤鰢魧W(xué)(whysomanystudentsstudyatabroad?)Referenceoutline:一Begnning:…..moreandmorepeoplewanttostudyatabroad.二Firstly,theythinkbyattendingacollegeinaforeigncountrytheycanlearnnotonlyusefulknowledge,butalsothecultureandcustomsofothernations.三Secondly,theycantakeadvantageofthisopportunitytogainagoodcommandoftheforeignlanguagetheyarelearningveryquickly.四Moreover,theycanmeetdifferentpeopleandexperiencedifferentcultures,whichmayhelptobroadentheirviews.

五conclusion:…….Throughaboveanalysis,Iaminfavorofgoingabroadtostudy.怎么列提綱〔提綱與文章的區(qū)別〕..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版以四段式為例：看電視的利與弊AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTV

OUTLINE:Beginning:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTVAdvantages:Firstly,expandyourknowledgebywatchingTVSecondly,mayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowviaTVThirdly,goeverywherebytravelingprograms.Disadvantages:Firstly,becomeshort-sightedSecondly,giveuptheirstudiesConclusion:WhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanESSAY:NowadaysmoreandmorepeopleliketowatchTV.SoTVplaysaveryimportantpartinourlife.ButwatchingTVhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,youcanexpandyourknowledgebywatchingTV.Asweallknow,learningthingsbyTVismuchfasterthanbylisteningtotheradioorjustbyreadingbooks.Forithascolorfulpicturesaswellaswonderfulmusic.Secondly,youmayknowanybodyyouwanttoknowthroughTVsuchasfamoussingers,superstars,scientistsandsoon.Onceyouheardanamewhomyoudidn’tknowbeforefromtheparty,youneverworriedaboutthatyouhavenochancetoknowhim.JustturnontheTV,maybeheisonthescreenofsomeprogramWhat’smore,youcangoeverywherebytravelingprograms.Let’ssuppose,ifyouliketravelingverymuch,butyouhavetoworkonweekendsorholidays,youmustbeverysad.AndnowopenyourTVandit’lltakeyoutoanywhere.

Everycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesarealsoobvious.Forexample,watchingtoomuchTVcaneasilybecomeshort-sighted,especiallyforchildrenandstudents.Thiswillinfluencesomanyaspectsofthem,likehuntingjobs,applyingforsomeprofessionalmajorswhenstudentsfinishedtheircollegeentranceexaminations.Tomakemattersworse,someyoungstudentsarekeenonwatchingTVsothattheygiveuptheirstudiesgradually.Moreandmorechildrenandstudentsbecomethefansofthemoviestars,nomatterhowlateitis,theystillstaybeforetheTVsettowatchthesoapopera.

Throughaboveanalysis,IthinkwatchingTVisawayofstudying,itisgoodforustowatchTV.ButwhenwewatchTV,weshouldmakeaplanotherwisewatchingTVwilldestroyourlife.

EFL五段論式寫法第一段：提出觀點(diǎn)

第二段：理由段1

第三段：理由段2

第四段：理由段3

第五段：結(jié)尾段..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Somepeoplesaythatexplorationofouterspacehasmanyadvantages;otherpeoplefeelthatitisawasteofmoneyandotherresources.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Sample:

Withthedevelopmentofouterspaceexploration,manypeoplebegintodoubtwhethertheendeavorisworthwhile.Itistruethatsomemoneyandotherresourcesmustbespentinthisarea,butinmyopinion,humanbeingsshouldcontinuetheadventurebecauseitcanaddtoourknowledge,acquirenewresources,andevenfindplaceswherehumanbeingscanlive.Tobeginwith,theexplorationofouterspacewilladdtoourknowledgeabouttheuniverseaswellasabouttheearth.Althoughhumanbeingshavebeenlivingontheearthforthousandsofyears,weknowverylittleaboutit.Forexample,wearenotevensureabouthowtheearthcameintobeing,whythedinosaursdisappearedaltogetherfromthefaceoftheearth,andwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.Theattempttoexploreouterspacewillcertainlyhelpusanswerallthesequestionsandbringusagreatmanybenefits.

Inaddition,theexplorationofouterspacemayhelpmitigatetheenergycrisis.Asweallknow,ouroil,coal,andotherconventionalfuelswillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Althoughthescientistsarelookingforalternativesontheearth,suchasnuclearpower,wemaylaunchspacecrafttothe