英語8月測(cè)試題

英語8月測(cè)試題英語8月測(cè)試題英語8月測(cè)試題xxx公司英語8月測(cè)試題文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLupercalia.__1__thefiercewolvesroamednearby,theoldRomanscalled__2__thegodLupercustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis__3__washeldonFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe__4__ofthegirlswerewrittenon__5__ofpaperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman__6__aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas__7__wastobehissweetheartfortheyear.

Legend__8__itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay__9__aRomanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII__10__theRomansoldiersNOTtomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould__11__stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine__12__theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcouples,hewasputtodeathonFebruary14th,the__13__ofLupercalia.Afterhisdeath,Valentinebecamea__14__.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th—Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine__15__ofLupercus.

Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor__16__ofloveandromanceinthemodernworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis__17__intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto__18__fallinginloveorbeinginlove.Butwealsousecardsandgifts,suchasflowersorjewelry,todothis.__19__togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas__20__asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary.

1.［A］While［B］When［C］Though［D］Unless

2.［A］upon［B］back［C］off［D］away

3.［A］honor［B］belief［C］hand［D］way

4.［A］problems［B］secrets［C］names［D］intentions

5.［A］rolls［B］piles［C］works［D］slips

6.［A］cast［B］caught［C］drew［D］found

7.［A］given［B］chosen［C］elected［D］delivered

8.［A］tells［B］means［C］makes［D］has

9.［A］after［B］since［C］as［D］from

10.［A］ordered［B］pleaded［C］envisioned［D］believed

11.［A］other［B］simply［C］rather［D］all

12.［A］disliked［B］defied［C］defeated［D］dishonored

13.［A］celebration［B］arrangement［C］feast［D］eve

14.［A］goat［B］saint［C］model［D］weapon

15.［A］because［B］made［C］instead［D］learnt

16.［A］part［B］representative［C］judgement［D］symbol

17.［A］story［B］wander［C］arrow［D］play18.［A］portray［B］require［C］demand［D］alert19.［A］Keeping［B］Disapproving［C］Supporting［D］Forgetting20.［A］constructive［B］damaging［C］reinforcing［D］retortingText1

Theauthorofsomefortynovels,anumberofplays,volumesofverse,historical,criticalandautobiographicalworks,aneditorandtranslator,JackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter—afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhehasventured.Hisco-editorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920’s,forexample,isstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculture,whilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1930ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.

Since1916when,tousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafter,he“reachedbedrock,”LindsayhasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint—anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.Feelingthat“thehistoricalnovelisaformthathasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrument”(NewMasses,January1917),LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels—1929,LostBirthright,andMenofForty-Eight(writtenin1919,theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope).Basicallytheseworkssetout,withmostsuccessinthefirstvolume,tovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstood,inLindsay’swords,forthe“truecompletionofthenationaldestiny.”

Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1910’s,Lindsayhimselfcarriedon:delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerror,novelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyreservedfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco’ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent—tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswiththeunradicalpoliticalrealitiesofpost-warEngland.Intheseriesofnovelsknowncollectivelyas“TheBritishWay,”andbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1933,itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-handeddidacticism.Fortunately,however,fromRevoltoftheSons,thisprocesswasreversed,asLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutions,tofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracters,sothatinhislatest(andwhatappearstobehislast)contemporarynovel,ChoiceofTimes,hishero,Colin,endsonanoteofdesperation:“Everythingmustbedifferent,Ican’tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeit,how?”Tohiscreditasanartist,Lindsaydoesn’tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.

1.Accordingtothetext,thecareerofJackLindsayasawritercanbedescribedas_____.

［A］inventive［B］productive［C］reflective［D］inductive

2.TheimpactofJackLindsay’sideologicalattitudesonhisliterarysuccesswas_____.

［A］utterlynegative

［B］limitedbutindivisible

［C］obviouslypositive

［D］obscureinneteffect

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,JackLindsayfirmlybelievesin______.

［A］thegloomydestinyofhisowncountry

［B］thefunctionofliteratureasaweapon

［C］hisresponsibilityasanEnglishman

［D］hisextraordinarypositioninliterature

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat__________.

［A］thewarledtotheultimateunionofallEnglishauthors

［B］JackLindsaywaslessandlesspopularinEngland

［C］JackLindsayfocusedexclusivelyondomesticaffairs

［D］theradicalwritersweregreatlyinfluencedbythewar

5.Accordingtothetext,thespeechattheendofthe

［A］demonstratestheauthor’sownviewoflife

［B］showsthepopularviewofJackLindsay

［C］offerstheauthor’sopinionofJackLindsay

［D］indicatesJackLindsay’schangeofattitude

Text2Instudyingboththerecurrenceofspecialhabitsorideasinseveraldistricts,andtheirprevalencewithineachdistrict,therecomebeforeusever-reiteratedproofsofregularcausationproducingthephenomenaofhumanlife,andoflawsofmaintenanceanddiffusionconditionsofsociety,atdefinitestagesofculture.But,whilegivingfullimportancetotheevidencebearingonthesestandardconditionsofsociety,letusbecarefultoavoidapitfallwhichmayentraptheunwarystudent.Ofcourse,theopinionsandhabitsbelongingincommontomassesofmankindaretoagreatextenttheresultsofsoundjudgmentandpracticalwisdom.Buttoagreatextentitisnotso.

Thatmanynumeroussocietiesofmenshouldhavebelievedintheinfluenceoftheevileyeandtheexistenceofafirmament,shouldhavesacrificedslavesandgoodstotheghostsofthedeparted,shouldhavehandeddowntraditionsofgiantsslayingmonstersandmenturningintobeasts—allthisisgroundforholdingthatsuchideaswereindeedproducedinmen’smindsbyefficientcauses,butitisnotgroundforholdingthattheritesinquestionareprofitable,thebeliefssound,andthehistoryauthentic.Thismayseematthefirstglanceatruism,but,infact,itisthedenialofafallacywhichdeeplyaffectsthemindsofallbutasmallcriticalminorityofmankind.Popularly,whateverybodysaysmustbetrue,whateverybodydoesmustberight.

Therearevarioustopics,especiallyinhistory,law,philosophy,andtheology,whereeventheeducatedpeopleweliveamongcanhardlybebroughttoseethatthecausewhymendoholdanopinion,orpractiseacustom,isbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhytheyoughttodoso.Nowcollectionsofethnographicevidence,bringingsoprominentlyintoviewtheagreementofimmensemultitudesofmenastocertaintraditions,beliefs,andusages,arepeculiarlyliabletobethusimproperlyusedindirectdefenseoftheseinstitutionsthemselves,evenoldbarbaricnationsbeingpolledtomaintaintheiropinionsagainstwhatarecalledmodernideas.

Asithasmorethanoncehappenedtomyselftofindmycollectionsoftraditionsandbeliefsthussetuptoprovetheirownobjectivetruth,withoutproperexaminationofthegroundsonwhichtheywereactuallyreceived,Itakethisoccasionofremarkingthatthesamelineofargumentwillserveequallywelltodemonstrate,bythestrongandwideconsentofnations,thattheearthisflat,andnight-marethevisitofademon.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenamentionedatthebeginningofthetextisoneof_____.

［A］skepticism［B］approval［C］indifference［D］disgust

2.By“Butto...itisnotso”(Line7)theauthorimpliesthat_____.

［A］mostpeoplearejustfollowersofnewideas

［B］evensoundmindsmaycommitsillyerrors

［C］thepopularlysupportedmaybeerroneous

［D］nobodyisimmunetotheinfluenceoferrors

ofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothestatement“Therearevarious...todoso”(Line17-20)

［A］Principlesofhistoryandphilosophyarehardtodealwith.

［B］Peopleliketoseewhatotherpeopledofortheirownmodel.

［C］Theeducatedaremoresusceptibletoerrorsintheirdailylife.

［D］Thateveryonedoesthesamemaynotprovetheyareallright.

4.Whichofthefollowingdidtheauthorprobablysuggest?

［A］Supportnotthemostsupported.

［B］Denyeverythingothersbelieve.

［C］Throwalltraditionintotrashcan.

［D］Keepyoureyesopenallthetime.

5.Theauthordevelopshiswritingmainlybymeansof_____.

［A］reasoning［B］examples［C］comparisons［D］quotations

Text3Theprovisionofpositiveincentivestoworkinthenewsocietywillnotbeaneasytask.Butthemostdifficulttaskofallistodevisetheultimateandfinalsanctiontoreplacetheultimatesanctionofhunger—theeconomicwhipoftheolddispensation.Moreover,inasocietywhichrightlyrejectsthepretenceofseparatingeconomicsfrompoliticsanddeniestheautonomyoftheeconomicorder,thatsanctioncanbefoundonlyinsomeconsciousactofsociety.Wecannolongerasktheinvisiblehandtodoourdirtyworkforus.

IconfessthatIamlesshorror-struckthansomepeopleattheprospect,whichseemstomeunavoidable,ofanultimatepowerofwhatiscalleddirectionoflabourrestinginsomearmofsociety,whetherinanorganofstateoroftradeunions.IshouldindeedbehorrifiedifIidentifiedthisprospectwithareturntotheconditionsofthepre-capitalistera.Theeconomicwhipoflaissez-faireundoubtedlyrepresentedanadvanceontheserf-likeconditionsofthatperiod:inthatrelativesense,theclaimofcapitalismtohaveestablishedforthefirsttimeasystemof“free”labourdeservesrespect.ButthedirectionoflabourasexercisedinGreatBritainintheSecondWorldWarseemstometorepresentasgreatanadvanceovertheeconomicwhipoftheheydayofcapitalistprivateenterpriseastheeconomicwhiprepresentedoverpre-capitalistserfdom.

Muchdependsontheeffectivenessofthepositiveincentives,much,too,onthesolidarityandself-disciplineofthecommunity.Afterall,underthesystemoflaissez-fairecapitalismthefearofhungerremainedanultimatesanctionratherthanacontinuouslyoperativeforce.Itwouldhavebeenintolerableiftheworkerhadbeennormallydriventoworkbyconsciousfearofhunger;nor,exceptintheearlyandworstdaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,didthatnormallyhappen.Similarlyinthesocietyofthefuturethepowerofdirectionshouldberegardednotsomuchasaninstrumentofdailyusebutratherasanultimatesanctionheldinreservewherevoluntarymethodsfail.Itisinconceivablethat,inanyperiodorinanyconditionsthatcannowbeforeseen,anyorganofstateinGreatBritainwouldbeinaposition,evenifithadthewill,tomarshalanddeploythelabourforceoverthewholeeconomybymilitarydisciplinelikeanarmyinthefield.This,likeothernightmaresofatotallyplannedeconomy,canbelefttothosewholiketofrightenthemselvesandotherswithscarecrows.

1.Theword“sanction”(Line2,Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

［A］correctivemeasures［B］encouragingmethods

［C］preventiveefforts［D］revolutionaryactions

2.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?

［A］Peopleusedtobeforcedtoworkunderwhips.

［B］Theauthordislikesthefunctionofpoliticsineconomy.

［C］Incentivesarealwayslessavailablethanregulations.

［D］Peoplehaveaninstinctofworkinglessandgettingmore.

3.Theauthor’sattitudestowardsfuture,asisindicatedinthebeginningofthesecondparagraph,isoneof______.

［A］reluctantacceptance［B］sheerpessimism

［C］mildoptimism［D］extremehopefulness

4.Theauthorofthetextseemstoopposetheideaof______.

［A］freemarket［B］militarycontrol

［C］strictregulations［D］unrestrainedlabors

5.Thelastsentenceofthetextindicatestheauthor’s______.

［A］hatred［B］affection［C］stubbornness［D］rejectionText4Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,likebreastenlargementsandnosejobs,hasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DaiDavies,ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.“Whatweallcraveistolooknormal,andnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.”

InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;rather,itcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommends“maintenance”workforpeopleintheirthirties.“Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly,”hesays.“Bythen,you’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.”Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18,however.“Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.”

IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantially,bringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davies,whoclaimsto“caterfortheaverageperson”,agrees.Hesays:“Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse,￡3,000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.”

Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yet,asonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2,500forliposuctiontoremovefatfromherthighsadmitted,theslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryVeteranisadeceptivelygentleone.“Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit.”

1.Accordingtothetext,thereasonforcosmeticsurgeryisto_____.

［A］bephysicallyhealthy［B］lookmorenormal

［C］satisfyappetite［D］beacceptedbymedia

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Dr.Daviesimpliesthat_____.

［A］cosmeticsurgery,thoughcostly,isworthhaving

［B］cosmeticsurgeryistooexpensive

［C］cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenfortheaverageperson

［D］cosmeticsurgeryismainlyfortherichandfamous

3.Thestatement“drawsthelineatoperatingonpeople”(Line3,Paragragh2)isclosestinmeaningto_____.［A］removingwrinklesfromtheface［B］helpingpeoplemakeup［C］enjoyingoperating［D］refusingtooperate4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.［A］itiswisetohavecosmeticsurgeryunder18［B］cosmeticsurgeryisnowmucheasier［C］peopletendtoabusecosmeticsurgery［D］theearlierpeoplehavecosmeticsurgery,thebettertheywillbe5.Thetextismainlyabout_____.［A］theadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery［B］whatkindofpeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery［C］therea,sonwhycosmeticsurgeryissopopular［D］thedisadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgeryPartBDirections:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereisoneextrachoicethatdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Theoriesofthevalueofartareoftwokinds,whichwemaycallextrinsicandintrinsic.Thefirstregardsartandtheappreciationofartasmeanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,whilethesecondregardsthemasvaluablenotinstrumentallybutasobjectsuntothemselves.Itischaracteristicofextrinsictheoriestolocatethevalueofartinitseffectsonthepersonwhoappreciatesit.(41).

Theextrinsicapproach,adoptedinmoderntimesbyLeoTolstoyinChtotakoyeiskusstvo(1896;WhatIsArt),hasseldomseemedwhollysatisfactory.Philosophershaveconstantlysoughtforavalueinaestheticexperiencethatisuniquetoitandthat,therefore,couldnotbeobtainedfromanyothersource.TheextremeversionofthisintrinsicapproachisthatassociatedwithWalterPater,OscarWilde,andtheFrenchSymbolists,andsummarizedintheslogan“artforart’ssake.”(42).

Betweenthosetwoextremeviewstherelies,onceagain,ahostofintermediatepositions.Webelieve,forexample,thatworksofartmustbeappreciatedfortheirownsake,butthat,intheactofappreciation,wegainfromthemsomethingthatisofindependentvalue.(43).

Theanalogywithlaughter—which,insomeviews,isitselfaspeciesofaestheticinterest—introducesaconceptwithoutwhichtherecanbenoseriousdiscussionofthevalueofart:theconceptoftaste.(44).

Similarly,weregardsomeworksofartasworthyofourattentionandothersasnot.Inarticulatingthisjudgment,weuseallofthediverseandconfusingvocabularyofmoralappraisal;worksofart,likepeople,arecondemnedfortheirsentimentality,coarseness,vulgarity,cruelty,orself-indulgence,andequallypraisedfortheirwarmth,compassion,nobility,sensitivity,andtruthfulness.(Thesamemayapplytotheobjectofnaturalbeauty.)Clearly,ifaestheticinteresthasapositivevalue,itisonlywhenmotivatedbygoodtaste;itisonlyinterestinappropriateobjectsthatcanbesaidtobegoodforus.(45).

［A］Thusajokeislaughedatforitsownsake,eventhoughthereisanindependentvalueinlaughter,whichlightensourlivesbytakingusmomentarilyoutsideourselves.Whyshouldnotsomethingsimilarbesaidofworksofart,manyofwhichaspiretobeamusinginjustthewaythatgoodjokesare

［B］Alldiscussionofthevalueofarttends,therefore,toturnfromtheoutsetinthedirectionofcriticism:Cantherebegenuinecriticalevaluationofart,agenuinedistinctionbetweenthatwhichdeservesourattentionandthatwhichdoesnot

(And,onceagain,thequestionmaybeextendedtoobjectsofnaturalbeauty.)

［C］Artisheldtobeaformofeducation,perhapsaneducationoftheemotions.Inthiscase,itbecomesanopenquestionwhethertheremightnotbesomemoreeffectivemeanstothesameresult.Alternatively,onemayattributeanegativevaluetoart,asPlatodidinhisRepublic,arguingthatarthasacorruptingordiseducativeeffectonthoseexposedtoit.

［D］Artisticappreciation,apurelypersonalmatter,callsforappropriatemeansofexpression.Yet,itisbeforeanythingaprocessof“cultivation”,duringwhichacertainpartofone’s“innerself”is“dugout”andsomeknowledegoftheoutsideworldbecomesitsmatch.［E］IfIamamuseditisforareason,andthisreasonliesintheobjectofmyamusement.Wethusbegintothinkintermsofadistinctionbetweengoodandbadreasonsforlaughter.Amusementatthewrongthingsmayseemtoustoshowcorruptionofmind,cruelty,orbadtaste;andwhenitdoesso,wespeakoftheobjectasnottrulyamusing,andfeelthatwehavereasononourside.［F］Suchthinkersandwritersbelievethatartisnotonlyanendinitselfbutalsoasufficientjustificationofitself.Theyalsoholdthatinordertounderstandartasitshouldbeunderstood,itisnecessarytoputasideallinterestsotherthananinterestintheworkitself.PartCDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefllyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Gandhi’spacifismcanbeseparatedtosomeextentfromhisotherteachings.(46)Itsmotivewasreligious,butheclaimedalsoforitthatitwasadefinitivetechnique,amethod,capableofproducingdesiredpoliticalresults.Gandhi’sattitudewasnotthatofmostWesternpacifists.Satyagraha,(47)themethodGandhiproposedandpracticed,firstevolvedinSouthAfrica,wasasortofnon-violentwarfare,awayofdefeatingtheenemywithouthurt