題型六 書面表達(dá)之應(yīng)用文寫作講義-高考英語(yǔ)高頻題型專項(xiàng)講解

題型六書面表達(dá)——高考英語(yǔ)高頻題型專項(xiàng)講解應(yīng)用文寫作參考模板一、邀請(qǐng)信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.闡述事情4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,amemberofthestudents'union.ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishspeakingcontestinourschoolonSunday.Now,Iamwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthecontestasourguest.中間段：5.介紹細(xì)節(jié)6.主題和意義7.地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間8.人員9.聯(lián)系方式Herearesomedetailsfortheactivity.Tobeginwith,thethemeofthecontestis"HumanandNature",whichisnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.Inaddition,itwillbeheldinRoom501from2:00to5:00ontheafternoonofJune15th.What'smore,tenoutstandingstudentswilltakepartinthecontest.Lastbutnotleast,ifyouneedanyfurtherinformation,pleasecallmeat12345.結(jié)尾段10.盼望到來(lái)11如果到來(lái)感到榮幸12.告知我你的決定Wearesincerelylookingforwardtoyourcoming.MyschoolmatesandIwillfeelmuchhonoredifyoucanmakeit.Pleasesendanemailtomeorgivemeacalltoletmeknowyourdecisionsoon.Thankyou.二、建議信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.了解到的事情4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,chairmanoftheEnglishclub.InyourletterIknowthatyouhavedifficultyinpreparingfortheEnglishspeakingcontest,whichisgoingtotakeplaceonSunday.Now,Iamwritingtogiveyouahand.中間段：5.我的建議可能帶來(lái)好結(jié)果6.我建議……7.你最好……8為什么不……9如果我是你會(huì)……Thefollowingsuggestionscarriedout,thingswillprobablybecomemuchbetter.Tobeginwith,Iwouldliketosuggestthatyoushouldpractiseitbeforeamirrortofindandcorrectsomeproblems.Inaddition,youmayaswelluseshort,clearandpowerfulwordssothatyoucanleaveadeepimpressiononthejudges.What'smore,whynotaskyourteacherforsomeguidance.Lastbutnotleast,ifIwereyou,IwouldkeepsmilingandevenifIforgetmywords.結(jié)尾段10.希望建議有幫助1l.詢問(wèn)是否還需幫助12相信你能做好Hopefullythesesuggestionswillbeofgreathelptoyou.IfthereisanythingelseIcandoforyou,pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.I'msureyoucansolveyourproblembeforelong.三、求助信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.有件事很棘手4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,anEnglishlearnerfromahighschool.IampreparingforanEnglishspeakingcontest,butImeetwithsometrouble,whichIcan'tdealwithonmyown.Now,Iamwritingtoaskyoutogivemeahand.中間段：5.請(qǐng)您費(fèi)心幫個(gè)忙6.困難一7.困難二8.困難三Hopefullyyouwouldbesokindastogivemesomehelponthefollowingproblems.Tobeginwith,Ihavedifficultyinpronouncingcorrectly,whichhasannoyedmeforquitealongtime.Inaddition,Ifinditextremelyhardformetousepropertoneofvoice.Lastbutnotleast,beingnervousisanotherterribleheadacheformebecauseIlacktheexperienceonthismatter.結(jié)尾段：9.希望您提供幫助10感激不盡11.盼望回復(fù)Hopefullyyourkindandtimelyhelpwouldbeofferedtome.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomeafavor.Lookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.四、道歉信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.對(duì)某事感到抱歉4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,yourbestfriendfromNo.2highschool.Theotherday,wemadeanappointmenttogoonatriptoBeijingonSundaybutIcan'tmakeit.Now,Iamwritingtogiveyoumyheartfeltapologyforit.中間段：5.解釋原因6.另一件事的意義7.希望對(duì)方能站在我的立場(chǎng)并給予理解8.想法彌補(bǔ)ThereasonwhyIwillbeunabletogowithyouisthattheCCTVEnglishspeakingcontestisgoingtotakeplacethatday.Asyouknow,I'vebeenwaitingforthechanceformonths.ThereforebynomeanscanImissit.Ontheonehand,I'msureyouwillbeabletothinkinmypositionandifyouwereme,youwouldmakethesamechoice.Ontheotherhand,Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldallowmetomakeanotherdatetoachieveourwishes.結(jié)尾段：9.還望接受道歉并理解10.告訴我你的決定11.再次表示歉意Hopefulyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.Pleasesendanemailtomeorgivemeacalltoletmeknowyourdecisionsoon.Onceagain,I'msorryforanyinconveniencecaused.五、申請(qǐng)（自薦）信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.讀到一個(gè)招聘廣告4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,a17-year-oldboycurrentlystudyinginHongxingmiddleschool.IreadtheadvertisementthatyouhavepostedontheInternet,employingChinesestudentsaspart-timetutorsoftheChineselanguage.Now,Iamwritingtoapplyforthejob.中間段：5.引出申請(qǐng)?jiān)?.優(yōu)勢(shì)一7.優(yōu)勢(shì)二8.優(yōu)勢(shì)三9.說(shuō)明計(jì)劃10.計(jì)劃一11.計(jì)劃二TherearethreemainreasonswhyIamfitforthejob.Tobeginwith,ChineseismymothertongueandIamexcellentatit.Inaddition.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor9yearswithagoodcommandoforalandwrittenEnglish.What'smore,IamwillingtohelpforeignerslearnChinesewellandintroduceChineseculturetotheworldaswell.Besidestheadvantagesabove,Ialsomakeafewplansforit.Iamgoingtocommunicatewiththestudentsfirsttoknowwhattheywanttolearn.AndthenIwillmakeeveryefforttogettheminterestedinChineseandChineseculturebytellingstories,singingsongsplayinggamesandsoon.結(jié)尾段：12.希望得到機(jī)會(huì)13.如果選中我會(huì)如何做14.盼望回復(fù)Hopefullythechancewouldbeofferedtome.Ifchosen.Iwoulddedicateallmyenergyandwisdomtothejob.Lookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.六、感謝信開頭段：1.問(wèn)候2.自我介紹3.說(shuō)明個(gè)人所得4.寫信目的Howiseverythinggoingthesedays?IamLiHua,a17-year-oldboycurrentlystudyinginHongxingmiddleschool.IwonfirstprizeintheCCTVCupNationalEnglishSpeakingContest.Now,Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyou.中間段：5.引出對(duì)方所為6.對(duì)方做的第一件事7對(duì)方做的第二件事8.對(duì)方做的第三件事9.總結(jié)說(shuō)明這些事令人難忘EverytimeIcatchsightofourphotostakenwithyou,Ijustcan'thelpthinkingofwhatyouhavedoneforme.Tobeginwith,itwassokindofyoutohelpmepracticemyoralEnglishpatiently.Inaddition,youtaughtmealotofadvancedgrammar,whichreallybenefitedmealot.What'smore,IshallalwaysrememberyousharedwithmemanyoutstandingEnglishnovels.Nothingwillbeabletoeraseourwonderfulmemories,andIwillcherishthemforever.結(jié)尾段：10.代表……表示感謝11.祝你萬(wàn)事如意12.盼望回復(fù)I,onbehalfofmywholefamily,wouldlikettothankyouagainforwhatyouhavedoneforme.Mayyoubeblessedineverythingyoudo.Lookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.七、投訴信開頭段：1.自我介紹2.委婉但義正言辭地投訴MynameisLiHua,aloyalcustomerofyourcompany.IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutI,whichusedtobemymostreliablee-bookstore.中間段：3.簡(jiǎn)述何時(shí)何地買的產(chǎn)品或受到的服務(wù)4.問(wèn)題一5.問(wèn)題二6.對(duì)我的影響On7thApril,2017,IboughtthenovelTHECALLOFTHEWILDonthewebsite.Unexpectedly,itwasoneweeklaterwhenthebookwasdelivered.What'smore,whenIopenedtheparcel,Ifoundseveralpagesofthebookmissing.YoucanprobablyimaginehowdisappointedIwasatthatmoment.結(jié)尾段：7.提出解決辦法8.這樣做也有利于對(duì)方9.相信你會(huì)認(rèn)真對(duì)待并盼望回復(fù)IdohopethattherewillbeareplacementassoonaspossibleandIcanreceiveitontime.Aboveall,goodserviceleadstoboomingbusiness.IbelieveyouwilltakemycaseseriouslyandIamlookingforwardtoyourreply.八、書面通知開頭段：1.疑問(wèn)句吸引讀者2.機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了：何時(shí)何地有何事NoticeBoysandgirls,DoyouwanttohaveabetterknowledgeofEnglish?Herecomesyouropportunity:wewillhavealectureonhowtocommunicatewithothersinEnglishintheschoollecturehall,from3:00to5:00onSaturdayafternoon.中間段：3.介紹活動(dòng)主要人員4.活動(dòng)參與者5.活動(dòng)要求一6.活動(dòng)要求二ThelecturewillbegivenbyProfessorLi,whoisafamousEnglishexpertfromOxfordUniversity.It'sveryusefulforyourEnglishlearning,andallthestudentsarewelcomedtoattendthelectureontime,especiallythosewhoaremembersoftheEnglishclub.You'rerequiredtobringnotebooksandpenswithyousothatyoucansetdownsomeimportanttipsintime.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsortopicsyouareveryinterestedinyoucanhavethempreparedandputthemforwardatthelecture.結(jié)尾段：7.重申希望大家按時(shí)參加8.相信你會(huì)不虛此行Everybodyiswelcometoattendit.Makesureyou'llcomeontimeanddon'tbelate.I'msureyouwillbenefitalotandyourEnglishwillgainmuchprogress.Students'Union技巧與策略1.明確應(yīng)用文體裁，有的放矢應(yīng)用文是為特定目的服務(wù)的，寫作動(dòng)因與目的非常明確，寫作格式和體例也趨于穩(wěn)定。語(yǔ)言要突出規(guī)范性、嚴(yán)肅性，切忌過(guò)分繁瑣、鋪墊太多，文字既要簡(jiǎn)潔明了又要把要點(diǎn)概括齊全，針對(duì)體裁定位要選用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)言。2.合理謀篇布局，有效使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分、較為復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及高級(jí)表達(dá)方式在寫作之前，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)材料的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行組合、調(diào)整，充分展現(xiàn)考生不拘泥于材料的靈活思維。高考鼓勵(lì)考生盡量使用較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)。較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)通常指以下幾種情況：（1）盡量使用復(fù)合句，如在一句中加入定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。（2）使用變化多樣的句式，如疑問(wèn)句祈使句、倒裝句、省略句。（3）使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和其他固定句型。另外，文章中詞匯的運(yùn)用，能夠充分體現(xiàn)考生的詞匯量和整體英語(yǔ)水平。3.平時(shí)注重系統(tǒng)、高效的訓(xùn)練，書寫訓(xùn)練不容忽視寫作訓(xùn)練要循序漸進(jìn)，不可能一蹴而就。可以分為詞、句、文的訓(xùn)練周期，也可以按照體裁、題材等進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練。另外，應(yīng)注重選材質(zhì)量，盡量選擇學(xué)生熟悉、貼近生活實(shí)際且易于學(xué)生對(duì)寫作信息進(jìn)行輸出的材料。選材時(shí)注意內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)潔性、時(shí)態(tài)的清晰性、詞匯使用的普及性和規(guī)范性，選材要有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神。書寫訓(xùn)練也是很重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，字體優(yōu)美、卷面整潔，可為習(xí)作增光添彩，給閱卷老師留下美好的第一印象。學(xué)生應(yīng)該在老師的修正下，對(duì)作品精雕細(xì)刻，多出“精品”，乃至“極品”。4.確保寫作時(shí)間確保寫作時(shí)間包含兩個(gè)方面：①平時(shí)訓(xùn)練不應(yīng)拖拖拉拉，應(yīng)限時(shí)完成，完成時(shí)間通常在20-25分鐘；②考試時(shí)要提高閱讀速度，以確保書面表達(dá)有足夠的時(shí)間高質(zhì)量地完成。有的老師要求學(xué)生在做完完形填空后就做第二卷，最后做閱讀，以確保書面表達(dá)的時(shí)間，這也不失為應(yīng)試的一種小技巧。5.高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。②詞數(shù)少于80和多于120的，從總分中減去2分。③評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性及上下文的連貫性。④拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。⑤如書寫較差以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。（新高考）讀后續(xù)寫一、續(xù)寫中常用的話題詞匯（一）天氣描寫warm溫暖的hot熱的rainy多雨的cloudy多云的snowy下雪多的foggy有霧的damp潮濕的cold寒冷的clear晴朗的changeable變化無(wú)常的stormy有暴風(fēng)雨的terrible可怕的wet有雨的windy風(fēng)大的awful糟糕的frosty霜凍的sunny陽(yáng)光充足的pleasant令人愉快的mild溫和的（二）場(chǎng)景描寫stony多石的rocky多巖石的roaring咆哮的narrow狹窄的impressive給人深刻印象的grassy長(zhǎng)滿草的golden金色的frozen冰凍的flat平坦的dry千燥的attractive吸引人的cross-country橫越全國(guó)的enjoyable令人愉快的exciting激動(dòng)人心的memorable難忘的lovely美好的historic歷史上著名的mountainous多山的remote遙遠(yuǎn)的romantic浪漫的wild荒涼的wonderful美妙的（三）人物外貌描寫scruffilydressed衣著不整潔neatlydressed衣著干凈整潔well-dressed衣著講究的smartlydressed衣著得體plain相貌平平的good-looking好看的elegantlydressed穿著優(yōu)雅muscular強(qiáng)壯的short個(gè)子矮的tall高的overweight超重的plump豐滿thin瘦的skinny極瘦的slim苗條的mediumheight中等身高tubby矮胖的（四）人物性格特征描寫人物性格特征描寫：simple-minded頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的polite有禮貌的modest謙虛的knowledgeable知識(shí)淵博的imaginative富于想象力的ill-mannered舉止粗魯?shù)膆ard-working工作努力的impatient急躁的sweet和藹的brave勇敢的careful仔細(xì)的careless粗心的good-hearted好心腸的responsible有責(zé)任心的diligent勤奮的experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的forgetful健忘的cold冷酷的calm鎮(zhèn)定的strong堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的selfish自私的romantic浪漫的quiet文靜的nervous焦慮的lovely可愛(ài)的gentle溫柔的generous大方的adventurous喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的vigorous精力旺盛的charming有吸引力的confident自信humorous幽默的optimistic樂(lè)觀的outstanding杰出的pessimistic悲觀的pleasant令人愉快的proud驕傲的rude沒(méi)禮貌的sociable善于交際的spirited精神飽滿的二、敘述故事常用的語(yǔ)義連接詞匯并列關(guān)系：both…and…，notonly…butalso…，neither…or.，and對(duì)稱關(guān)系：ontheonehand，ontheotherhand；foronething，foranother對(duì)比關(guān)系：while，onthecontrary遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：even，what'smore，besides，what'sworse，tomakethingsworse，worsestill轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，however，otherwise因果關(guān)系：as，because，since，for讓步關(guān)系：though，evenif/though，nomatterwhat，whether...or…三、動(dòng)作和心理描寫美句1.Hehung/lowered/bent/bowedhisheadinshame.他羞愧地垂/低下了頭。2.Hescratchedhishead,notunderstandingaword.他撓了撓頭，一個(gè)字也聽不懂。3.Ithrewmyselfintoadeepsleepassoonasmyheadhitpillow.我頭一碰到枕頭就睡著了。4.Herfacelitup/brightened/glowedwhenIgaveherthepresent.我給她禮物時(shí)，她的臉上煥發(fā)出了光彩。5.Jack'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.杰克窘得滿臉通紅/發(fā)燙。6.Hefelthischeeksburningwithshame.他因?yàn)樾呃⒍械侥橆a發(fā)燙。7.Atearsliddownhercheek.滴淚順著她的臉頰滑落下來(lái)。8.Hiseyeswerewidewithhorror.他嚇得目瞪口呆。9.Shelaughed，hereyesshining/sparking/glisteningglowingwithexcitement.她笑了，興奮得兩眼放光/閃爍著光芒。10.Thetearswelledupinmyeyes.我熱淚盈眶。11.Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.他的嘴上掛著一絲笑意。12.Hermouthgrewstiffwithpainanddistress.疼痛和悲傷讓她嘴巴發(fā)僵。13.Shefroze，hermouthhangingopen.她呆住了，張著嘴。14.Hereachedforherhandandheldittightly.也伸手抓住她的手并緊緊握住。15.Heshookmyhandsasifwewerelonglostfriend.他握住我的手好像我們是失散多年的朋友。16.Heslidhishandsintohispockets.他將手伸進(jìn)口袋里。17.Sheraised/heldupafingertoherliptoaskforsilence.她把手指舉到嘴邊，示意安靜。18.Hewasrunningforward，wavinghisarms.他正向前跑，揮舞著手臂。19.Hestoodtherewithcrossedarms，lookingangry.他站在那里，雙手交又抱在胸前，看上去很生氣。20.Shefoldedherarmsandstaredathim.她雙手交叉，盯著他看。21.Heranuptoherandput/threwhisarmsaroundher.他向她跑去，伸出雙臂抱住她。22.Myshouldersdroppedwithrelief.我的肩膀松弛了下來(lái)。23.Sheshoulderedherwaythroughthecrowd.她側(cè)身從人群中擠了過(guò)去。24.Withaheavy/sinking/brokenheart，shewatchedhimgo.她看著他離去，心很沉重/心碎了。25.Hesetoffwithalightheart.他懷著愉快的心情出發(fā)了。26.Finally，hebrokedownintearsandpouredouthishearttoher.最后，他忍不住痛哭流涕，向她傾訴了他的心聲。27.Herheartleapedwithjoy她的心高興地都要跳出來(lái)了。28.Hesmiledandherheartmelted.他笑了，她的心融化了。29.Herheartwaspoundingwithexcitement.她的心激動(dòng)地怦怦直跳。30.Hebackedslowlyoutoftheroom.他慢慢地退出了房間。31.Shejumpedtoherfeetwhensheheardthenews.當(dāng)她聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，她跳了起來(lái)。32.Shedraggedherfeetasshereluctantlyfollowedherparents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面，拖著腳步。33.Mickfeltsoscaredthathisthroattightenedandhiskneesfeltweak.米克感到非常害怕，他的喉嚨發(fā)緊了，膝蓋感到虛弱。34.Mickfrozewithterror,tooscaredtomoveaninch.米克嚇呆了害怕得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。35.Mickwasrootedtothespotwithfear，unabletoutteraword.米克被嚇得目瞪口呆，一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。四、常用修辭1.明喻：用一種事物比喻所要說(shuō)明的另一事物，兩者在本質(zhì)上或性質(zhì)上有相似之處。常用格式是“本體+喻體”，常用like，as…as，asif或asthough引導(dǎo)。例：①Lifeisratherlikeopeningatinofsardines.We'realllookingfortheopener.人生就像開啟一罐沙丁魚，我們大家都在找起子。②Goodcoffeeislikefriendship:rich