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培訓(xùn)講師:XXX誠信求實(shí)敬業(yè)感恩機(jī)械安全培訓(xùn)MACHINESAFETYTRAININGPROGRAM培訓(xùn)和日期:XXX企業(yè)的責(zé)任
Responsibilityoftheemployers為員工提供一個(gè)安全健康的工作場所,遠(yuǎn)離可能導(dǎo)致死亡或者肢體損傷的危險(xiǎn)源Is
to
provide
a
safe
and
healthy
work
place
for
theiremployees;
which
is
free
from
recognized
hazards
likelyto
cause
death
or
physical
harm企業(yè)是否可以保護(hù)/防止工人遭受工傷?Canemployersprotect/preventworkersfromworkplaceinjuries?YES!目錄/CONTENTS01020304確定機(jī)械安全危險(xiǎn)源IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards控制或排除機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源ControloreliminateMachineryHazards安全干預(yù)SafetyInterventionsPersonalProtectiveEquipment個(gè)人防護(hù)用品第一章Part01確定機(jī)械安全危險(xiǎn)源IDENTIFYING
MACHINE
SAFETYHAZARDS110306001200?/2400?更多事故金字塔IncidentPyramid(Serious
Accident)嚴(yán)重的傷害事故(Slight
Accident)輕微的傷害事故(Property
loss
Accident)財(cái)產(chǎn)損失事故(Accident/Incidence)事故準(zhǔn)事故/未遂事故Nearmiss(Deviation/Hazards)偏差/隱患(Lackofcontrolormanagementsystem)缺乏控制/管理體系不足機(jī)械的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件所帶有的動(dòng)能可能會(huì)對人員造成傷害。Machineshavemovingparts.Theactionofmovingpartsmayhavesufficientforceinmotiontocauseinjurytopeople.技術(shù)概要TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要TECHNICALOVERVIEWCommonmechanicalhazardsandassociatedrisksformachineryandequipmentareshownbelow以下是常見的機(jī)械傷害以及相關(guān)的機(jī)械設(shè)備:
危險(xiǎn)源HAZARD風(fēng)險(xiǎn) RISK 描述DESCRIPTION 圖示PICTORIALREPRESENTATION傳送帶和滑輪Conveyor
belts,pulleys機(jī)械臂和移動(dòng)機(jī)械Roboticarmsandmobilemachinery擦傷Abrasion沖撞ImpactCausedbyfrictionbetweenmovingpartandskin.由皮膚和運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的摩擦造成由運(yùn)動(dòng)部件對肢體的撞擊(未穿透)造成Caused
when
bodypart
struck
(but
notpenetrated)
bymoving
part.Rotating
shafts,pullies,
sprocketsand
gears轉(zhuǎn)軸,滑輪,鏈齒和齒輪移動(dòng)接觸的堅(jiān)硬表面Hardsurfacesmovingtogether移動(dòng)或靜止的尖銳邊緣Sharpedge–movingorstationary 絞入Entanglement 粉碎性傷害Crushing 割傷或刺傷CuttingorpuncturingCausedwhenbodypartbecomescaughton/inmachineparts.由肢體卷入機(jī)械部件的造成當(dāng)機(jī)械部件相互撞擊,肢體處于撞擊區(qū)域之間造成Causedwhenmachinepartsmovetowardseachotherandbodypartiscaughtinbetween由肢體被移動(dòng)部件穿刺造成Causedwhenbodypartpuncturedbymovingpart技術(shù)概要TECHNICALOVERVIEW機(jī)械危害的根源及性質(zhì)TheRootCauseOfMechanicalHazards01030204人的因素Personal
Factors在生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中,來自人員或人為性質(zhì)的危害和有害因素.The
dangerous
and
hazard
factors
from
the
product
activity.物的因素MaterialFactors機(jī)械,設(shè)備,設(shè)施,材料等方面存在的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfrommachine,equipment,facilityandmaterial環(huán)境因素EnvironmentFactors生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductionenvironment.管理因素ManagementFactors管理和管理責(zé)任缺失所導(dǎo)致的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsduetolackofmanagementandmanagementresponsibility確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS在尋找可能的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源的時(shí)候,請關(guān)注以下機(jī)械設(shè)備:Whenreviewingmachineryandequipmentforpossiblemechanicalhazards,consider:Machineryandequipment人員可以接觸到的靜止機(jī)械設(shè)備。Stablemachinethatcanbereachedbypeople人員可以接觸到運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的機(jī)械設(shè)備。Withmovingpartsthatcanbereachedbypeople可以彈射出物件(部件,零件,產(chǎn)品或者廢料)而且彈射力足以造成傷害的機(jī)械設(shè)備 Thatcanejectobjects(parts,components,productsorwasteitems)thatmaystrikea personwithsufficientforcetocauseharm 有移動(dòng)部件如吊臂或者機(jī)械臂可以接觸到人員的機(jī)械設(shè)備。Withmovingpartsthatcanreachpeoplesuchasboomsormechanicalarms 在人員可能進(jìn)入的地點(diǎn)操作的移動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)備,如叉車,托盤千斤頂,推土機(jī)等。 Mobilemachineryandequipment,suchasforklifts,palletjacks,earthmovingequipment, operatedinareaswherepeoplemaygainaccess.了解機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Understanding
Mechanical
hazards
常見的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源TheCommonMechanicalHazards確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS常見的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源TheCommonMechanicalHazards確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS通過工作活動(dòng)的種類了解常見危險(xiǎn)源Understandingcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceactivity操作機(jī)器設(shè)備的人員:Peopleoperatingmachinesandequipmentcould被要求將雙手放在靠近機(jī)器設(shè)備的工作點(diǎn),可能受到移動(dòng)部件的傷害Berequiredtoplacetheirhandsclosetothemechanismofthemachineryorequipmentthatdoesthework,andmaybeinjuredifcaughtortrappedbymovingparts暴露于持續(xù)的有害噪音,放射性的能量或者靠近的機(jī)械設(shè)備排放的廢氣Beexposedtoconstantharmfulnoise,radiatedenergyorfumesbeingemittedfrommachineryandequipmenttheyareoperatingorarecloseto不小心地觸碰到錯(cuò)誤放置的控制桿或控制按鈕Inadvertentlybumporknockpoorlyplacedcontrolleversorbuttons被要求在運(yùn)作的機(jī)械設(shè)備上進(jìn)行調(diào)試Berequiredtomakeadjustmentstothemechanismofmachineryandequipmentwhilethemachineisinmotion被要求清理殘留物料Berequiredtoclearawayscrap確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeoplewhoinstallordismantlemachinesandequipmentcould安裝或者拆解機(jī)械設(shè)備的人員:Workinisolation在絕緣條件下工作Workonmachinesandequipmentatheightorovermachineryorequipmenttoconnectservices(suchaselectricity,airorwater)在機(jī)械頂部或者在高處的機(jī)械設(shè)備上連接管線,如接電,接水,接氣Workinlowlightorwithbrightdirectionallight在低光線或者明亮的直射光線下Accessmachineryandequipmentfromthetop,sidesorunderneath 接觸到機(jī)械頂部,底部,邊緣Workwith/nearcranes,forkliftorriggingtoliftmachineryandequipment 在塔吊,叉車,吊索附近工作Workinconfinedspaces在有限空間內(nèi)工作Usepowertools,welders,extensionleads,whichpresentelectricalhazardsifdamagedorwet如果設(shè)備損壞或者潮濕,使用電動(dòng)工具,電焊,延長導(dǎo)線可能帶來電氣危險(xiǎn)確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeopleprovidingmaintenanceorrepairservicescould維護(hù)維修設(shè)備的人員:Accessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearsides從機(jī)械設(shè)備后部接觸設(shè)備Needtoenterconfinedspacesoflargermachineryandequipment 需要進(jìn)入大型機(jī)械設(shè)備內(nèi)部空間Betrappedbymechanismofthemachineryandequipmentthroughpoorisolationofenergysourcesorstoredenergy,suchasspringloadedorcounterbalancemechanisms,compressedairorfluidsorpartsheldinpositionbyhydraulicsorpneumatic(air)rams可能接觸到機(jī)械設(shè)備中絕緣較差的情況,或者設(shè)備中內(nèi)部積蓄的能量,比如負(fù)載的彈簧,配重裝置,氣動(dòng)設(shè)備中的壓縮氣體,液壓設(shè)備中的液壓油Disableorremovenormalsafetysystemstoaccessmachinesandequipmentmechanism 禁用或者移除正常的安全系統(tǒng)確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeopleprovidingcleaningservicescould清掃設(shè)備的人員:Accessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearofsidesorinunexpectedways從機(jī)械設(shè)備后部或者以其他非正常方式靠近機(jī)械設(shè)備Climbonmachinesandequipment攀爬機(jī)械設(shè)備Enterconfinedspacesoflargermachinesandequipment進(jìn)入大型機(jī)械設(shè)備的內(nèi)部空間Workwithchemicals使用化學(xué)品Operateelectricalequipmentinwetareas在潮濕區(qū)域使用電器Summary總結(jié)Conductriskassessmentswithrespecttomachineandequipmenthazard 針對機(jī)械設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估 MechanicalHazards機(jī)械性危險(xiǎn)NonMechanicalHazards非機(jī)械性危險(xiǎn)AccessHazards接觸性危險(xiǎn)?Understandcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceactivity 根據(jù)工作活動(dòng)的種類了解常見的危險(xiǎn)源?Factoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.工廠應(yīng)當(dāng)有由管理層,員工代表,維修人員組成的機(jī)械安全委員會(huì)處理解決有關(guān)機(jī)械安全的隱患。MUST
必須:第二章Part02控制/排除機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源CONTROL/ELIMINATEMACHINERYHAZARDThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorcontrolhazards改善機(jī)械安全的第一步是排除或控制危險(xiǎn)源Engineering
Controls工程控制Inordertominimizeorisolatethereachofworkertohazardarea;barrierssuchasmachineguardsorsafeguarddevicesisputinplace.為減少或隔絕員工接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,安裝如機(jī)械護(hù)欄或安全防護(hù)裝置。Administrativecontrols管理控制Information&Planning信息和計(jì)劃Training培訓(xùn)Writtenpolicies&procedures書面政策和程序Safeworkpractices安全操作流程Environmental&Medicalsurveillance環(huán)境和醫(yī)療監(jiān)測PersonalProtectiveEquipmentcontrols個(gè)人防護(hù)Gloves手套Goggles護(hù)目鏡Safetyjackets/coats安全夾克/外套Respirators口罩TheProcesstocontrolthemechanicalhazards機(jī)械風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理控制思路控制級別
(ControlLevel)(EliminatetheHazards)消除危害(Replacement)替代(Isolation)隔離(Exposure)暴露(Procedure)程序(Training)培訓(xùn)PPETERMINOLOGY術(shù)語Guard防護(hù)阻隔Abarrierthatpreventsexposuretoanidentifiedhazard.為防止員工暴露于已知危險(xiǎn)源而設(shè)立的防護(hù)阻擋。Safeguardingdevice安全防護(hù)裝置Adevicethatdetectsorpreventsinadvertentaccesstoahazard.探測或者防止無心之失的裝置。Awarenessdevice警告Abarrier,signalorsignthatwarnsindividualsofanapproachingorpresenthazard.用于警示危險(xiǎn)的護(hù)欄,標(biāo)志或者信號。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要Introduction介紹-Controlofmachineryhazards控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Separationisasimpleandeffectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrol.隔絕是一種簡單有效的機(jī)械設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)的控制方法。Separationmaybeachievedbydistance,barrierortime.隔絕可以通過距離,阻隔或者時(shí)間來實(shí)行。Distanceseparationmeansapersoncannotreachthehazardduetodistance.距離隔絕指一個(gè)人由于距離因素?zé)o法接觸到危險(xiǎn)源。Barrierseparationmeansaneffectivebarrierorguarddeniesaccessandcontrolsejectionofparts,producesorwaste.阻隔隔絕指使用有效的護(hù)欄防止通過或者控制部件,產(chǎn)品或者廢品的彈出。Timeseparationmeansatthetimeofaccess,themachineryorequipmentisdisabled.時(shí)間阻隔指在員工可以接觸到危險(xiǎn)源的時(shí)候,機(jī)械或者設(shè)備處于禁用狀態(tài)。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要Safeguardingisessentialforprotectingemployeesfromneedlessandpreventableinjury.Agoodruletorememberis安全防護(hù)對于保護(hù)員工免受可避免的傷害有不可缺少的作用。它的原則是:Anymachinepart,function,orprocessthatmaycauseinjurymustbesafeguarded.任何可能導(dǎo)致傷害的機(jī)械部件,功能或者工藝必須安裝安全防護(hù)。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要Intermsofcontrollingamputationhazards,employeesareprotectedfromhazardousmachineworkactivitieseitherby針對控制截?cái)囡L(fēng)險(xiǎn),員工可以通過以下方式避免和危險(xiǎn)機(jī)械有關(guān)的工作活動(dòng)1effectivemachinesafeguarding,or有效的機(jī)械安全防護(hù),或者2LockOut/TagOutwheresafeguardsarerenderedineffectiveordonotprotectemployeesfromhazardousenergyduringservicingandmaintenanceoperations.在機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)維護(hù),安全防護(hù)處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)下,采用鎖閉和標(biāo)示的方式保護(hù)員工。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1CONTROL
OF
MACHINE
HAZARDS
BY
USE
OF
MACHINEGUARDS使用機(jī)械防護(hù)控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARDDEVICES使用安全防護(hù)裝置控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源234CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險(xiǎn)的能量源控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓(xùn)員工控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINE GUARDS使用機(jī)械防護(hù)控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Guarding防護(hù)AGuardcanperformseveralfunctions:itcandenybodilyaccess,containejectedparts,tools,off-cutsorswath,preventemissionsescapingorformpartofasafeworkingplatform.防護(hù)有多種作用:可以防止接觸,阻擋彈射出的部件,工具,碎片,防止廢氣泄漏,或者構(gòu)成一個(gè)安全的工作平臺。Guardingiscommonlyusedwithmachineryandequipmenttopreventaccessto防護(hù)通常用于以下情況:EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINE GUARDS使用機(jī)械防護(hù)控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Rotatingenddrumsofbeltconveyors傳送帶兩端的滾筒Movingaugersofaugerconveyors螺旋傳送機(jī)Rotatingshafts轉(zhuǎn)軸Movingpartsthatdonotrequireregularadjustment無需定期調(diào)整的移動(dòng)部件Machinetransmissions,suchapulleyandbeltdrives,chaindrives,exposeddrivegears機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置,比如滑輪,皮帶輪,鏈條,外露的齒輪Anydangerousmovingparts,machinesorequipment.以及其他危險(xiǎn)的移動(dòng)部件和機(jī)械設(shè)備EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Commonlyusedmachineguards常用的機(jī)械防護(hù)TYPE種類METHODOFSAFEGUARDING安全防護(hù)方法ADVANTAGES優(yōu)點(diǎn)APPLICATION說明Fixed固定防護(hù)Barrierthatallowsforstockfeedingbutdoesnotpermitoperatortoreachthedangerarea.允許送料但是操作者無法接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Canbeconstructedtosuitmanyapplications.可以適合多種應(yīng)用。Permanentlyenclosesthepointofoperationorhazardarea永久性的封閉操作點(diǎn)或者危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Whereaccessisnotanticipated,afixedguardcanbepermanentlyappliedbybindingagent,weldingorsecuredwithone-wayscrews.用粘合,焊接或者單向螺絲永久安裝在禁止接觸的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)Barrierthatadjustsforavarietyofproductionoperations.可以根據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)需求調(diào)節(jié)的防護(hù)Canbeconstructedtosuitmanyapplications.可以適合多種應(yīng)用Canbeadjustedtoadministervaryingstocksizes可以根據(jù)物Incorporatesmovablesectionsorpanelsoftheguardandallowsformaterialorpartstobefedintotheguardedareawhilepreventingbodilycontact結(jié)合可以移動(dòng)的面板,允許將物料/零件送入防護(hù)區(qū)域并限肢體接EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Commonlyusedmachineguards常用的機(jī)械防護(hù)SelfAdjusting自調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)Barrierthatmovesaccordingtothesizeofthestockenteringpointofoperation.根據(jù)進(jìn)入物料的尺寸自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的防護(hù)。Offtheselfguardsareoftencommerciallyavailable此類防護(hù)可以購買Applicationonbandsaw,circularsaw,radialarmsaw,tablesawetc..安裝于帶鋸,圓鋸,旋臂鋸,鋸床等Interlockingbarrierguards聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)Shutsoffordisengagespowerandpreventsmachinefromstartingupwhenguardisopen.當(dāng)防護(hù)被激活時(shí),自動(dòng)關(guān)閉機(jī)械或者切斷電源防止機(jī)械啟動(dòng)。Allowsaccessforsomeminorservicingwork,inaccordancewiththelock-out/tagoutexception,withouttimeconsumingremovaloffixedguards.配合鎖閉/標(biāo)示操作,無需費(fèi)時(shí)的拆卸防護(hù),即可進(jìn)行簡單的維護(hù)occurswhentheactofmovingtheguard(opening,slidingorremoving)toallowaccessstopstheactionofthehazardousmechanism.當(dāng)觸動(dòng)防護(hù)時(shí),如拆卸防護(hù),自動(dòng)停止危險(xiǎn)部件的運(yùn)作EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施FIXEDGUARDS固定防護(hù)ADJUSTABLEGUARDS可調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)SELFADJUSTABLE GUARDS 自調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Interlockguardingworksby聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)起效方式:Mechanicallydisconnectingthedrivemechanism(appliesabrakeordisengagesaclutchorgearedmechanism)機(jī)械性地?cái)嚅_驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)(比如使用剎車,或者斷開離合器/齒輪)Isolatingthepowersourceofthedrivemechanism(stopsthemotor)斷開驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的電源Acombinationofmechanicalandpowerdisconnection.組合以上兩種方式Interlockguardingisgenerallyachievedviamechanicalorelectricalmeans,butmayalsoincludehydraulicorpneumaticcontrolsystems.聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)通常通過機(jī)械/電氣手段起效,但也可能包括液壓或者氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施2.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARD DEVICES使用安全防護(hù)裝置控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Safeguardingdevices安全防護(hù)裝置Safeguardingdevicesarecontrolsorattachmentsthat,whenproperlydesigned,appliedandused,usuallypreventinadvertentaccessbyemployeestohazardousmachineareasby安全防護(hù)裝置是一種控制器或者附件,通過合理設(shè)計(jì)安裝和使用,安全防護(hù)裝置可以防止員工由于疏忽而接觸到機(jī)械的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域:EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施2.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARD DEVICES使用安全防護(hù)裝置控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源1.Preventinghazardousmachinecomponentoperationifyourhandorbodypartisinadvertentlyplacedinadangerarea如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,自動(dòng)阻止機(jī)械的危險(xiǎn)部件運(yùn)作;2.Restrainingorwithdrawingyourhandsfromthedangerareaduringmachineoperation在機(jī)械運(yùn)作期間限制或者將雙手從危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域拉回;3.Requiringtheuseofbothofyourhandsonmachinecontrols(ortheuseofonehandifthecontrolismountedatasafedistancefromthedangerarea)thataremountedatapredeterminedsafetydistance需要使用雙手同時(shí)控制機(jī)器或者在控制器安裝在一個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)的安全距離的情況下,單手控制機(jī)器;or4.Providingabarrierwhichissynchronizedwiththeoperatingcycleinordertoprevententrytothedangerareaduringthehazardouspartofthecycle采用一個(gè)和機(jī)器運(yùn)作周期同步的防護(hù)欄在有危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)作周期中阻止人員接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域.EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護(hù)裝置的種類TYPE種類METHODOFSAFEGUARDING安全防護(hù)方法ADVANTAGES優(yōu)點(diǎn)PullbackDevices拉回裝置Cordsconnectedtooperator’swristsandlinkedmechanicallytothemachineautomaticallywithdrawingthehandsfromthepointofoperationduringthemachinecycle.將繩索兩端連接在操作者手腕和機(jī)械上,使繩索隨著機(jī)械的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)自動(dòng)拉回操作者的雙手Allowsthehandstoenterthepointofoperationforfeedingandremoval.允許雙手進(jìn)入操作點(diǎn)送料Providesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護(hù)裝置的種類RestraintDevices限制裝置Wristsareconnectedbycordsandsecuredtoafixedanchorpointwhichlimitoperator’shandsfromreachingthepointofoperationatanytime將手腕通過繩索連接在一個(gè)固定點(diǎn),限制操作者的手觸碰到操作點(diǎn)Simple,fewmovingparts;requireslittlemaintenance簡單,減少活動(dòng)件,基本不需要維護(hù)Operatorcannotreachthedangerarea操作者無法接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Littleriskofmechanicalfailure;providesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.機(jī)械故障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小,在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)Presence-Sensingdevices感應(yīng)裝置Interlockintothemachine’scontrolsystemtostopoperationwhenthesensingfield(photoelectric,radiofrequency,orelectro-magnetic)isdisturbed.聯(lián)鎖至機(jī)器的控制系統(tǒng),當(dāng)感應(yīng)到干擾,自動(dòng)停止機(jī)器運(yùn)作Adjuststofitdifferentstocksizes. 可調(diào)節(jié)尺寸Allowsaccesstoloadandunloadthemachine.允許進(jìn)行送料和取料Allowsaccesstotheguardedareaformaintenanceandset-upactivities.允許對保護(hù)區(qū)域進(jìn)行維護(hù)和設(shè)置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護(hù)裝置的種類Two-HandControl雙手控制Requiresconcurrentandcontinueduseofbothhands,preventingthemfromenteringdangerarea.要求同時(shí)持續(xù)使用雙手,防止雙手進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Operator’shandsareatapredeterminedsafetydistance.操作者的雙手處于預(yù)設(shè)的安全距離Operator’shandsarefreetopickupnewpartsaftercompletionoffirstpartofcycle.操作者的雙手在完成第一輪的周期可以自由地抓取新的部件Gate防護(hù)門Applicabletomechanicalpowerpresses.Providesbarrierbetweendangerareaandoperatoruntilcompletionofmachinecycle.適用于沖壓機(jī),在運(yùn)作周期完成前在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域和操作者之間提供防護(hù)Preventsoperatorfromreachingintodangerareaduringmachinecycle.防止操作者在運(yùn)作周期中接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Providesprotectionfrommachinerepeat.在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施PULLBACKDEVICES拉回裝置RESTRAINTDEVICES限制裝置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施PRESENCESENSINGDEVICE感應(yīng)裝置TWO-HANDCONTROLDEVICE雙手控制裝置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施GATECONTROLDEVICE 防護(hù)門控制裝置GATE
OPEN
防護(hù)門開啟GATECLOSED 防護(hù)門關(guān)閉EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施3.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險(xiǎn)能量源來控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)Theenergystoredinmovingparts(momentum)cancausethemechanismofthemachineorequipmenttorunonforsometimeafterthesourceofdrivingenergyhasbeenremoved.Alsoaccidentalstart-upormovementofamachinemechanismcanoccurif儲(chǔ)存在設(shè)備運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的能源(動(dòng)能)可以使機(jī)器設(shè)備在能源被切斷后依然運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間。以下狀況會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)械的意外啟動(dòng):controlleversorbuttonsarebumpedorknocked,控制桿或控制按鈕受到撞擊或敲打ifashortcircuitofthecontrolsystemoccurs,控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)生短路whenhydraulicorairpressureisreleased,釋放液壓或壓縮空氣whenundoingorretainingbolts安裝或卸除螺栓時(shí)EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施3.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險(xiǎn)能量源來控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)Lockout-tagout(LOTO)orlockandtag鎖定標(biāo)識Safetyprocedurewhichisusedinindustrytoensurethatdangerousmachinesareproperlyshutoffandnotstartedupagainpriortothecompletionofmaintenanceorservicingwork.為了確保在維護(hù)或維修機(jī)器時(shí)機(jī)器正確關(guān)閉且不會(huì)意外開啟的安全程序。1.Itrequiresthathazardousenergysourcestobe"isolatedandrenderedinoperative"beforeanyrepairprocedureisstarted.在維修工作開始前需要確保危險(xiǎn)能量源“隔離并不會(huì)開啟”2.Procedurerequiresthatatagbeaffixedtothelockeddeviceindicatingthatitshouldnotbeturnedon.程序要求在鎖止設(shè)備放置鎖定標(biāo)識以提示該設(shè)備不應(yīng)開啟EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Thefollowingoverviewofthelockout–tagoutprocess:鎖定標(biāo)識(上牌掛鎖)的步驟:1.Shutdownthemachineryandequipment關(guān)閉機(jī)器2.Identifyallenergysourcesandotherhazards 識別危險(xiǎn)能源3.Identifyallisolationpoints識別所有隔離點(diǎn)4.Isolateallenergysources切斷所有能源5.De-energizeallstoredenergies釋放危險(xiǎn)能源6.Lockoutallisolationpoints鎖閉所有隔離點(diǎn)7.Tagmachinerycontrols,energysourcesandotherhazards上牌標(biāo)識8.Testby‘trying’toreactivatetheplantwithoutexposingthetesterorotherstorisk(failuretoreactivateensuresthatisolationproceduresareeffectiveandallstoredenergieshavebeendissipated).核實(shí)能源隔離EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施4.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓(xùn)員工控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)Adequateinstructioninthesafeuseandcareofmachinesandsupervisedon-the-jobtrainingareessentialinpreventingamputationinjuries.Onlytrainedemployeesshouldoperatemachinery.關(guān)于機(jī)器設(shè)備安全使用的培訓(xùn)可以有效預(yù)防發(fā)生絞傷切傷事故。員工經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)后方可操作機(jī)器設(shè)備。Trainemployeesinthefollowing:向員工提供如下培訓(xùn):EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施4.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓(xùn)員工控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)01Allhazardsintheworkarea,includingmachine-specifichazards;介紹工作場所中的所有危險(xiǎn)源,包括機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)02Machineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutproceduresandsafeworkpractices;機(jī)器操作流程,鎖定標(biāo)識程序以及安全工作指引03Thepurposeandproperuseofmachinesafeguards;機(jī)械安全防護(hù)的目的以及如何正確使用04Allproceduresforrespondingtosafeguardingproblemssuchasimmediatelyreportingunsafeconditionssuchasmissingordamagedguardsandviolationsofsafeoperatingpracticestosupervisors.如何及時(shí)上報(bào)安全防護(hù)設(shè)施的問題例如因防護(hù)設(shè)施缺失或受損可能導(dǎo)致的不安全狀況Summary總結(jié)MUST
必須:1.Allproductionequipmentandmachinery(Rotatingparts,dangerouscuttingareas)atfactoriesshallberoutinelymaintained,equippedwithguardsorotherprotectivedevicesandsafelyoperated. 所有用于生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械設(shè)備應(yīng)配備安全防護(hù)措施并定期維護(hù),以確保操作安全 2.Factoryshouldmaintainmaintenancerecords(SafeMachineoperation,LockOutTagOut (LOTO)Systems,CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)checklist,MachineMaintenancerecord,RootCauseAnalysis(RCA)offrequentincident/accidents.)ofallmachinery.工廠應(yīng)保留所有機(jī)械設(shè)備的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)記錄Summary總結(jié)MUST
必須:3.Materialhandlingmethodsshallbeemployedtopreventinjuries.Materialhandlingequipments(Forklifts,cranes,derricksorothermaterialhandlingequipment)shouldbeinspectedbeforeuse.使用適當(dāng)?shù)奈锪习徇\(yùn)方式以預(yù)防意外傷害。相關(guān)設(shè)備(叉車,起重機(jī)等)在使用前應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢查。4.Allemployeesshouldbetrainedrelatedtomachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutprocedures,safeworkpracticesandreportingofunsafemachineconditions/violations. 應(yīng)向所有員工提供關(guān)于機(jī)械設(shè)備操作規(guī)程,鎖定標(biāo)識(上牌掛鎖),安全操作以及對不安全設(shè) 備狀況進(jìn)行匯報(bào)的相關(guān)培訓(xùn)。第三章Part03安全干預(yù)SAFETYINTERVENTIONSTERMINOLOGY術(shù)語Whatissafetyintervention?什么是安全干預(yù)?Itisanattempttochangehowthingsaredoneinordertoimprovesafety.主動(dòng)改變以提高安全性。Withintheworkplaceitcouldbeanynewprogram,practice,orinitiativeintendedtoimprovesafety(e.g.,engineeringintervention,trainingprogram,administrativeprocedure).安全干預(yù)在工廠可以是新的項(xiàng)目,新的操作或其他旨在提高安全的提案(例如工程干預(yù),培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目以及行政管理程序)TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要MANAGEMENT
INTERVENTIONS管理干預(yù)MACHINESAFETYPOLICY設(shè)備安全政策M(jìn)ACHINESAFETYPROCEDURE設(shè)備安全程序MACHINESAFETYORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE(EG.SAFETYCOMMITTEES,INSPECTIONSSCHEDULES,PERFORMANCEINCENTIVES….)設(shè)備安全組織架構(gòu)(安全委員會(huì),檢修安排等)MACHINESAFETYCOMMUNICATIONMECHANISMS(TRAINING,POSTERS,MACHINEWORKINSTRUCTIONS,ETC…)設(shè)備安全溝通機(jī)制(培訓(xùn),海報(bào),操作指引等)TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術(shù)概要TECHNICALINTERVENTIONS技術(shù)干預(yù)PHYSICALSETTING廠區(qū)設(shè)置WORKSTATIONDESIGN機(jī)臺擺放PRODUCTIONPROCESSES生產(chǎn)流程MACHINEDEVICES機(jī)械設(shè)備HUMANINTERVENTIONS人事干預(yù)SAFETYATTITUDE對于安全的態(tài)度KNOWLEDGE相關(guān)知識MOTIVATIONBEHAVIOR激勵(lì)措施SAFETYCULTURE建立鼓勵(lì)安全的文化EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施有效性調(diào)研實(shí)施調(diào)研需求分析分析報(bào)告收集信息建立評估小組實(shí)施評估健全評估方案EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施GatherInformation收集信息Identifyproblemanddecidetoimplementintervention找出問題并決定實(shí)施干預(yù)Decidetoevaluateintervention評估干預(yù)措施Definepurpose,timeline,budgetforevaluation設(shè)定評估目標(biāo),時(shí)間表及預(yù)算階段
需求分析實(shí)施評估
有效性評估第1步:收集信息第2步:建立評估小組第3步:健全評估方案第4步:實(shí)施評估第5步
:分析報(bào)告EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Organizeevaluationteam建立評估小組Assembleevaluationcommittee.組建評估委員會(huì)Identify/recruittechnicalexpertise.吸收技術(shù)專家不同部門宣傳人員訓(xùn)導(dǎo)人員EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Formulateevaluationplananddevelopevaluation健全評估方案Reviewmanualofmachine審閱機(jī)械操作手冊Reviewhistoricalmachinebreakdowndata查閱機(jī)械故障歷史數(shù)據(jù)Initiate/develop/refinemachinebreakdownmeasurementmethods建立/完善機(jī)械設(shè)備故障評估方法Selectanalyticalmethodtoframeworkrateofmachinefailureandaccidentcaused選取適當(dāng)?shù)姆治龇绞娇偨Y(jié)機(jī)械故障率及事故率EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Pre-interventionstage:Needsassessmentandevaluationplanning干預(yù)準(zhǔn)備階段:需求分析需求分析期望結(jié)果干預(yù)措施評估機(jī)制干預(yù)評估小組EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Analyze,reportanddisseminate分析,報(bào)告并傳播擴(kuò)散Quantitativeandqualitativedataanalysisforrootcauseofaccidents,injuries.對于引發(fā)事故,工傷的根本性原因進(jìn)行定量化數(shù)據(jù)分析Drawconclusiontoimplementsystemforlongtermsolution.根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)分析得出長期解決方案Reportandpublishsafetyresults.報(bào)告并公告安全數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Measurement/Indicatorsselection
short-termevaluation
短期評估指標(biāo)Awareness員工意識Attitudes態(tài)度Knowledge相關(guān)知識Behaviors行為Near-missevents未遂事故(準(zhǔn)事故)Otherproductionindicators其他生產(chǎn)指標(biāo)Interventioncomponent
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