term高級英語術(shù)語

Orwell:GeorgeOrwellwasthepseudonymofEricArthurBlair,anEnglishwriterwhoatonetimeservedwiththeIndianImperialPoliceinBurma.HefoughtintheSpanishCivilWar,anexperienceherecordedinHomagetoCatalonia.Amonghiswellknownessaysare:ShootinganElephant,AHanging,Marrakech,andPoliticsadtheEnglishlanguage.Moorish:Moors,mixedArabsandBerbers,andinhabitantsofMorocco.TheysetupaMoorishempirefromtheendofthe8thcenturytothe12thcentury.ForeignLegionnaires:FranceorganizedaforeignlegionshortlyaftertheconquestofAlgiersin1830,enlistingrecruitswhowerenotFrenchsubjects.Spainhadaforeignlegion,upintherevolutioninMorocco,andHollandintheDutchEastIndies.Fifteen-hands:Unitofmeasurement,especiallyfortheheightofhorses;ahand,thebreathofthehumanpalm,isnowusuallytakentobe4inches.TheWashingtonPost:aninfluentialandhighlyrespectedU.S.newspaperwithanationaldistribution.MusketeersofDumas:characterscreatedbytheFrenchnovelist,AlexandreDumasinhisnovelTheThreeMusketeers.Jupiter:referringperhapstotheplanetJupiterandtheinformationaboutitgatheredbyaU.S.spaceprobe.Saxonchurls:afarmlabourerorpeasantinearlyEngland;atermusedpejorativelybytheNormanconquerorstomeananill-bred,ignorantEnglishpeasant.Normanconquerors:TheNormans,underWilliamI,DukeofNormandyconqueredEnglandafterdefeatingHarold,theEnglishking,attheBattleofHastings.Elizabethans:people,especiallywriters,ofthetimeofQueenElizabethIofEngland.Forster:EdwardMorganForster,Englishauthor,oneofthemostimportantBritishnovelistsofthe20thcentury.Forster’sfiction,conservativeinform,isintheEnglishtraditionofthenovelofmanners.HeexplorestheemotionalandsensualdeficienciesoftheEnglishmiddleclass,developinghisthemesbymeansofirony,wit,andsymbolism.Mme.Deffand:aleadingfigureinFrenchsociety,famousforherletterstotheDuchessedeChoiseul.Inauguraladdress:since1937,InaugurationDayhasbeenchangedtoJan.20.OnthisdayeveryfouryearsthenewlyelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesfacesthepeopleforthefirsttime,takesthepresidentialoathofofficeanddelivershisinauguraladdress.Solemnoath:Thepresidentialoath,traditionallyadministeredbytheChiefJustice,isprescribedinarticleII,section1oftheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.Thebeliefthattherightsofman…h(huán)and:eftoapassageintheAmericanDeclarationofIndependence:”Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.CommandofIsaiah:OneofthegreatestHebrewprophetswhosewritingsareextant;veneratedbyrabbisas2ndonlytoMoses.ThebookofIsaiah,abookintheOldTestamentoftheBibleoftheChristian,isbelievedtobeaworkoftwoauthorsofdifferentperiods.Omelas:afictionalnameforanidealcitydescribedbythewriter.Drooz:afictionalnameforapleasantbutnothabit-formingdrug.TheSadYoungMen:AtermcreatedbyF.ScottFitzgeraldtodescribethedisillusionedpost-WorldWarIyoungergeneration,especiallytheyoungwriterswholivedasexpatriatesinwestEuropeforashorttime.Theywerealsocalledthe“l(fā)ostgeneration”.Roosevelt:TheodoreRoosevelt,26thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hedrewconsiderationcriticismforhisglorificationofmilitarystrengthandhispatrioticfervor.AftertheoutbreakofWorldWarIheattackedWilson’sneutralitypolicy;andwhentheUnitedStatesenteredthewarhepleadedvainlytobeallowedtoraiseandcommandavolunteerforce.DosPassos:Americannovelist.Publications:Threesoldiers;ManhattanTransfer,etc.Thestrifeof1861-1865:TheCivilWarbetweentheNorthernStatesandSouthernStates,whichresultedinvictoryfortheformerandtheabolitionofslavery.FracaswithSpainin1898:TheSpanish-AmericanWar,abriefconflictbetweenSpainandtheUnitedStatesarisingoutofSpanishpoliciesinCuba.SanJuanHill:InEastCuba.ItwasthesceneofabattleintheSpanish-Americanwar,inwhichTheodoreRooseveltandtheRoughRiderstookpart.NationalGuard:U.S.militia.InpeacetimetheNationalGuardisplacedunderstatejurisdictionandcanbeusedbygovernorstoquelllocaldisturbances.Intimeofwarorotheremergencies,theNationalGuardisabsorbedintotheactiveserviceoftheUnitedStatesandthePresidentiscommander-in-chief.Fourth-of-July:U.S.IndependenceDay,commemoratingtheadoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence.Traditionally,ithasbeencelebratedwiththefiringofgunsandfiringofgunsandfireworks,parades,open-airmeetings,andpatrioticspeeches.Napoleoniccynicism:Asconqueror,NapoleoncynicallyrearrangedthewholemapofEurope.ThevictoriousalliesofWorldWarIdidthesameatVersailles.Rotary(International):Organizationofbusinessandprofessionalmen,foundedbyPaulPercyHarris,aChicagolawyer.Thenamewasderivedfromtheoriginalcustomofmeetinginrotationatthemembers’placesofbusiness.Pound:EzraPound,Americanpoet,critic,andtranslator;Anextremelyimportantinfluenceintheshapingof20thcenturypoetry,hewasoneofthemostfamousandcontroversialliteraryfiguresofthiscentury---praisedasssubtleandcomplexmodernpoet,dismissedasana?veegotistandpedant,condemnedasatraitorandreactionary.Eliot:T.S.Eliot,Englishpoetandcritic.Heisoneofthemostdistinguishedliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury.LeftBank:LeftbankoftheRiverSeineinParis,famousforitsopen-airbookstalls.TheLatinquarter,thehauntofuniversitystudentsandteachers,isalsoontheleftbank.Neil:Americandramatist.WidelyacknowledgedasAmericsgreatestplaywright,ONeillbroughttotheU.S.stageitsfirstseriousnativedrama.Fitzgerald:Americannovelistandshort-storywriter.Heisconsideredtheliteraryspokesmanofthe“jazzage”---thedecadesofthe1920s.amonghisfamousworksare:ThisSideofParadise;ThebeautifulandDa