小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞

冠詞冠詞精品文檔冠詞分為不定冠詞（a,an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法:1指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“母一"相當(dāng)于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相冋”相當(dāng)于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so（as,too,how）+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1990's11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類，棋類名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.冠詞重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解（一）概說(shuō)冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分，只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上，幫助說(shuō)明其詞義。英語(yǔ)中有兩個(gè)冠詞：1）定冠詞the2）不定冠詞a/an定冠詞the通常讀作［］,在元音前讀作［i］,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作［i:］o不定冠詞在元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前用an這個(gè)形式，讀作［n］；在其他情況下則使用a,讀作［］。冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞a/an與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個(gè)”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如：Sheisanurse.她是個(gè)護(hù)士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英國(guó)人，有一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭妻子。定冠詞the,與this同源，有“這（那）個(gè)”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個(gè)特定的人或東西，有時(shí)可譯作“這個(gè)（些）”或“那個(gè)（些）”。例如：That'sthebookyouwant.這就是你要的那本書(shū)。Who'stheyoungmanoverthere?那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰(shuí)？但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。例如：Putitonthetable.把它放在桌上。Shutthedoor,please.請(qǐng)把門(mén)關(guān)上。特指和泛指一般來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請(qǐng)比較下面的句子：Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求見(jiàn)你。（泛指）Askthegentlemantocomein.請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來(lái)。（特指）在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時(shí)則有三種情況：1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。例如：Shesentmeapostcard她寄給我一張明信片。2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可使用some,any這類詞。例如：Thesearenewwords.這些是生詞。Shesentmesomeflowers.她送給我一些花。3）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時(shí)也可加some,any等。例如：It'slovelyweather.天氣真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎？Giveussomehelp.給我們一些幫助。（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一”）如：Hisfatherisadoctor.他父親是醫(yī)生。代表某一類人或事物，相當(dāng)于any（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”，但必須用a表示類別）如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”）如：Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.這本書(shū)是--位工人寫(xiě)的。表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈（一般譯為“一”）如:Waitamoment.等一下。表示單位，相當(dāng)于“每”的意思如：Wehavethreemealsaday.我們每日吃三餐。用于某此固定詞組中例如：afew,alittle,abit（of）,alotof等。（三）定冠詞的基本用法1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物如：Givemethebook.把那本書(shū)給我。指談話雙方都知道的人或事物如：Whereisthedoctor?醫(yī)生在哪兒？再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或事物如:Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物如:Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大，但比太陽(yáng)小。用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前如：MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第一節(jié)課。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中，太陽(yáng)離地球最近。用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。與下列專有名詞連用1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前如:theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人如：TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人如：theold老人theyoung年輕人therich富人thepoor窮人thesick病人thedead死人在一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中

theeast（west,south,north）inthemorning（afternoon,evening）ontheleft（right）intheendgotothecinema（四）不用冠詞的幾種情況（零冠詞）1在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不用冠詞如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你到過(guò)上海嗎？Welovescience.我們愛(ài)好科學(xué)。在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞如：Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前不用冠詞如:Itishotinsummer.夏天天氣熱。It'sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃過(guò)早飯沒(méi)有？稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞如：What'sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦，邁克？Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。學(xué)科和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜歡踢足球嗎？6.名詞前已有用作定語(yǔ)的this,thatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞如：Thatisherbike.那是她的自行車。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.這個(gè)班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。在某些固定詞組的名詞前不用冠詞如:athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。（五）用與不用冠詞的差異inhospital（五）用與不用冠詞的差異inhospital住院/inthehospital在醫(yī)院里onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上，在世上attable進(jìn)餐/atthetable在桌子旁infuture從今以后，將來(lái)/inthefuture未來(lái)gotosea出海/gotothesea去海邊takeplace發(fā)生/taketheplace(of)代替bysea乘船/bythesea在海邊onhorseback騎著馬/onthehorseback在馬背上twoofus我們當(dāng)中的兩人/thetwoofus我們兩人（共計(jì)兩人）nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年infrontof在（外部的）前面/inthefrontof在（內(nèi)部的）前面gotoschool（church...）上學(xué)（做禮拜...）/gototheschool（church...）至I」學(xué)校（教堂...）去outofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/outofthequestion不可能的，辦不到的ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家（一個(gè)人）/ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家（兩個(gè)人）隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組I?單項(xiàng)選擇：1.上學(xué)A.gotoschoolB.gototheschoolC.gotoaschool2.住院A,inthehospitalB.inahospitalC.inhospital3.此刻A.atthemomentB.atamomentC.atmoment4.在課堂上A.inclassB.inaclassC.intheclass5.在地球上A.onearthB.onanearthC.ontheearth6.步行A.onfootB.onthefootC.onfeet7.吃飯A.atatableB.atthetableC.attable8.乘公共汽車A.takebusB.bybusC.bythebus9.在家A.atthehomeB.atahomeC.athome10.在工作A.atworkB.attheworkC.atworks11.跳高A.jumphighB.highjumpC.thehighjump12.坐飛機(jī)A.byairB.bytheairC.onair13.乘火車A.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain14.在校學(xué)習(xí)A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15.睡覺(jué)A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16.感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17.乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18.玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19.事實(shí)上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.從早至U晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamorningtoanevening隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組選擇填空Thereisoldwomaninthecar./B.theC.aD.anShanghaiisineastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.aBillisEnglishteacher.Helikesplayingfootball.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogotherebybus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/Thestoryisinteresting.Thatmeansitisinterestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,aLet'sgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./Thisisinterestingstory-bookanditisalsousefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,anwomanoverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,theTheypassedourschooldaybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.theAustraliaisEnglish-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./Don'tplaybasketballhere.It'sdangerous.

A.aB.anC./D.theThisisapple.It'sbigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the---Haveyouseenbag?Ileftitherejustnow.---Isitoneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,aIhavebluecoat.“A"inthetest.A.aB.anC.the“A"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.oneA.aB.anC.theD.oneIhavetwodogs.blackoneistwoyearsoldandyellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.theLiDancanplayIhavetwodogs.blackoneistwoyearsoldandyellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.theLiDancanplaypianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.theWhatinterestingfilmitis!Ilikefilmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/tallmanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.A.A,theThe,aC.A,anD.The,/同步練習(xí)Thereisappleonthedesk.a.ab.thec.and./a.ab.thec.and./A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16.Haveyouhadbreakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinishoperation.A.aB.anC.theD.any18.Aftersupper,hestayedathomeandplayedviolinA.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19.Thereisappleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20.Hesaidthathegot“C"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21.newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22.Englishisusefullanguageinworld.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23.Intheword'“cariage"“r"islost.A.theB.anC.aD./15.Thisisorangeisonthetable.orange.24.Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot

Thegirlundertreeismysister.a.ab.thec.and./MaryisfromUSA.a.ab.thec.and./Hemetfriendofhisontheroad.a.ab.thec.and./MrBlackwillgobacktoEngland.a.byairb.byaplanec.bytrainsd.atatrainYesterdayiwenttoworkonfoot.a./,/b./,thec.the,/d.the,theThereis“h"intheword“hour",but“h"doesn'tmakeasound.a.a,ab.a,thec.the,and.an.the8.1'mgoingtoseemymother.Shehospitalc.inahospitald.atahospital9.Wehavethreemealsday.wehavebreakfastat6：30inmorningeveryday.a.the,the,theb.the,/,thec.a,c.a,/,thed.a,the,theThisisfilmi'vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.It'sgreat.i'veneverseemoremovingone.a.a,a.a,ab.the,thec.the,ad.a,the11.Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhilei'msinging?Withpleasure.a.ab.anc.thed./12.Iwanttotryagain.pleasegivemethirdchanceagain.a.ab.thec.and./What'sthematterwithyou?1caughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed.a.a;/b.a;thec.a;ad.the;thesunisshiningbrightly.a.ab.anc.thed./Swimmingisinsummer.d.greatafuna.agreatfunb.greatfunc.greatfunsd.greatafun小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞練習(xí)題1.ear2.actor4.toy5.university7.hat8.umbrella10.idea11.hour1?在空格內(nèi)填上a或erestingbook14.easyquestionorangedress16applepie17X-raymachine18.icecream2?用a,an,the或“/”空WashingtoniscapitalofUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thereis"A"onhispaper.Iateapple.It'sredapple.tallmanoverthereismyboss.earthmovesaroundsun.Nonewsisgoodnews.HaveyouvisitedGreatWall?Theyoftenplayfootballafterschool.Childrenneedloveandattenti