2017北京英語試題

2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共16頁，共150分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的 A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有 10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話你將聽一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Abook.答案是AoWhenwillthefilmstart?A.At5:00. B.At6:00. C.At7:00.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub. C.Thesportsclub.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A.Sunny. B.Windy. C.Snowy.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A.Afish.B.Abird. C.Amonkey.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Atabookstore. C.Inamuseum.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，15分）聽下面4段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的 A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前， 你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?Tomakeaninvitation.Toaskforinformation.

Todiscussaholidayplan.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A.$50.B.$150. C.$350.A.$50.B.$150. C.$350.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot..Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?C.Bytrainandonfoot.A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot..Whoisthespeaker?A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段對話，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題僅填寫一個詞。聽對話前，你將有??20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有 60秒鐘的作答時間。這段對話你將聽兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem（物品）A 16 andsomemagazinesDestinationOverseasto17Delivery?Air口RegularTimetopickup5:00 18afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:4159786第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié) 單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、CD四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain,,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What'smore B.That'stosay C.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是DoSamuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need—Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswe】lknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.butB.orC.forD.soEveryyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever一thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucallingbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.BecauseJanemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.whenManyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheirvaluabletime.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.savedIfyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.sinceInthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones yet.A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninventedC.hadntinventedD.hadn'tbeeninventedThenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.rangedThelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.that B.asC.where D.whenJimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimewithhisstudents.A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spentPeoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andtheyYelivinglongerasaresult.A.willhave B.haveC.hadD.hadhadIfthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeputManypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.atB.inC.onD.by第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve（解決）theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,_39anoldshoppingtrolley（購物車）whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45BigBosses'lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein“LadybugJarstocollecteveryone'ssparechangeduringMakeChange"month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada's48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalledHannah'sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving37.A.annoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset38.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work39.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding40.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags

41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as43.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look44.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack46.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree47.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial48.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure50A.goingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing51.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments52.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts53.A.forB.throughC.besidesD.along54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、日CD四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris'seyerolledback,“Taylorsays.Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency."Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,DoesanyoneknowCPR?'CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,代wasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,"saysTaylor.Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'heartbeatreturned.「knowIwasreallylucky,“Parissaysnow.Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse."Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow, "Taylorsays."IknowIcanactunderpressureascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.Sherecoveredfromshock.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.Inspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲學(xué)） andtheywillsoon—Soundstoogoodtobetrue?What'sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife. Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents.B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?Onlinecourses.Articlesonnewtopics.Lecturesonabalancedlife.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.￡55. B.￡60. C.￡65. D.￡70.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.freebirthdaypresentsfullrefundwithin28daysmembershipoftheTOKNOWclubchancestomeettheexpertsinpersonCMeasles（麻疹）,whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalledherdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocantbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參力口）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免），sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,buttheyllexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendtheoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionanti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsinformationaboutmeaslesspreadsquicklyHerdimmunityworkswellwhen.exemptionsareallowedseveralvaccinesareusedtogetherthewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinnewregulationsareaddedtothestatelawsWhatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?Theoveruseofvaccine.Thelackofmedicalcare.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?Tointroducetheideaofexemption.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.DHollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論）,putitthisway:“weuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干預(yù)）,wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjustswitchthemoff“asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthe

transformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced（中子誘導(dǎo)）nuclearchainreaction.However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistParagraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.runoutofhumancontrolsatisfyhuman'srealdesirescommandarmiesofkillerrobotsworkfasterthanamathematicianMachineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlydoanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersbeathumansininternationalchessmatchesAccordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterbesecureagainstevilhumanbeingskeepmachinesfrombeingharmedavoidrobots'affectingtheworldWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.Itwillstayforadecade.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。 選項中有兩項為多余選項。71Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（力口強）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight's,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75Youkeepwhatmatters,“Tononisays.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,“saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.第四部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)， 35分）第一節(jié)（15分）你的英國朋友Jim所在的學(xué)校要組織學(xué)生來中國旅行， 有兩條線路可以選擇： “長江之行”或者“泰山之旅”