雅思閱讀真題劍橋系列4-8詞匯

雅思閱讀真題劍橋系列4-8詞匯雅思閱讀真題劍橋系列4-8詞匯雅思閱讀真題劍橋系列4-8詞匯資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月雅思閱讀真題劍橋系列4-8詞匯版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：DAY1education教育

aspect方面

community社區(qū)、社會(huì)

reflect反映、表現(xiàn)

attitude態(tài)度、看法

unspoken未說(shuō)出口的、沒(méi)人理睬的

belief信仰、信念

custom風(fēng)俗

curriculum課程

assessment評(píng)價(jià)、評(píng)估

expectation期待、期望behave做出行為-動(dòng)詞

behavior行為rule準(zhǔn)則、規(guī)章

cover覆蓋、包含

duty職責(zé)、義務(wù)

conduct行為、操行

virtuous有道德的

proper適當(dāng)?shù)?、有禮貌的

manner禮貌

marry結(jié)婚

company陪伴

permit允許、許可dye染

loiter閑逛、虛度

function功能、典禮church教堂regularly有規(guī)律地、有規(guī)則地

alcohol酒精、酒

Bible《圣經(jīng)》countryschool鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校

coal煤

bucket桶

sweep打掃、清掃tidy整齊的、整潔的

despite雖然、盡管

stipulate規(guī)定、保證content內(nèi)容

arithmetic算術(shù)

Christianity基督教

literacy有文化、有讀寫(xiě)能力

religious宗教上的corporal身體的、肉體的（同義詞：physical）stick棍子

strap皮帶naughty調(diào)皮的、頑皮的unruly不守規(guī)矩的、不受約束的

schooling學(xué)校教育engage從事caretaking關(guān)心、照料DAY2nevertheless然而、不過(guò)creatively具有創(chuàng)造性地

stimulate刺激、激勵(lì)

strict嚴(yán)格的、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>

protocol草案、協(xié)議

illegal非法的、違法的

hit打、打擊

dismiss開(kāi)除、解雇instantly馬上、立刻（同義詞：quickly,rapidly,immediately）secular現(xiàn)世的、非宗教的

acceptable可以接受的、合意的appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)膕ophistication混合、混亂workplace工作場(chǎng)所、車(chē)間career職業(yè)

expand膨脹、發(fā)展

challenge挑戰(zhàn)diverse不同的

researcher研究者cleaner清潔員

societal社會(huì)的fill填充、填補(bǔ)smack用掌拍打/擊打silence靜、安靜

method方法influence影響

discipline學(xué)科、紀(jì)律

participate參加、參與achievement成就

similar相似的

lifestyle生活方式

ownership所有權(quán)、擁有權(quán)diverse不同的（同義詞：different,various,avarietyof,varied,arangeof）

pupil小學(xué)生

consider考慮

length長(zhǎng)度

topic主題inflexible不靈活的、不能融通的

arrangement安排loose寬松的、自由的

cactus仙人掌relate有聯(lián)系、有關(guān)系dry干燥的（反義詞：humid濕潤(rùn)的、wet潮濕的）sandy沙的、沙質(zhì)的

rocky多巖石的desert沙漠distance距離tall高的（反義詞：short矮的）across橫向的traditional傳統(tǒng)的（同義詞：conventional,conservative,orthodox）DAY3hunter獵人harsh荒無(wú)人煙的material材料、原料、物資possessions財(cái)產(chǎn)（動(dòng)詞形式：possess擁有、占有、持有）unemployment失業(yè)poverty貧窮、貧困alcoholism酗酒tribe部落、部族disappear消失、不見(jiàn)lifestyle生活方式attractive具有吸引力的outsider外界的人crop農(nóng)作物、莊稼originate起源、來(lái)自（衍生詞：origin起因、原有、起源-名詞，original最初的、原始的、獨(dú)創(chuàng)的-形容詞）staple主要的garlic大蒜ginger生姜headache頭痛toothache牙痛magnolia玉蘭類(lèi)植物cancer癌癥cure治愈disease疾病hunger饑餓、渴望famine饑荒starving饑餓（但形容饑餓的程度比較深，都快要餓死了）survive生存、存活strength力量、力氣energy能量、活力normal正常的、常態(tài)的chemical化學(xué)的；化學(xué)制品、化學(xué)藥品scientist科學(xué)家（衍生詞：science科學(xué)）discover發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)覺(jué)（衍生詞：discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)）contain包含、包括（同義詞：involve,include,consistof）substance物質(zhì)

stomach胃、胃部brain大腦heart心臟lung肺部kidney腎full滿的（反義詞：empty空的）pharmaceutical制藥的promising有希望的、有前途的

obesity肥胖

adult成年人estimate估計(jì)、評(píng)估overweight超重的obese肥胖的simple簡(jiǎn)單的、樸素的nourishing有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的DAY4afford負(fù)擔(dān)、承擔(dān)expensive昂貴的fatty富含脂肪的slim苗條的、纖細(xì)的healthy健康的descendant子孫、后代ready-made現(xiàn)成的、做好的convenient便利的、便捷的taste味道fat脂肪；肥的、胖的salt鹽solution解決辦法、解決方案ideal理想的right權(quán)利；正確的secret秘密；秘密的profit利潤(rùn)

herd放牧cow奶牛diet食物majority主要、多數(shù)（反義詞：minority少數(shù)）scarce匱乏的、稀缺的sort種類(lèi)、類(lèi)別compare比較desire渴望overcome克服、解決ancient古代的、遠(yuǎn)古的major主要的issue問(wèn)題appear出現(xiàn)、看來(lái)financial財(cái)政的、金融的spread傳播、蔓延、伸展supply供給、供應(yīng)addiction沉溺、上癮widespread分布廣泛的、普遍的cruel殘忍的、殘酷的unkind不仁慈的、無(wú)情的alive活著的prickly多刺的solid固體powder粉末maintain維持、繼續(xù)drought干旱tongue舌頭、說(shuō)話方式well-known眾所周知的、有名的advertisement廣告（衍生詞：advertise做廣告、登廣告-動(dòng)詞；advertiser登廣告者、廣告客戶-名詞；advertising廣告業(yè)、廣告-動(dòng)名詞）main主要的、重要的aim目的、目標(biāo)honest（反義詞：dishonest不忠實(shí)的、不誠(chéng)實(shí)的-形容詞）rarely很少地、罕見(jiàn)地（衍生詞：rare稀罕的、杰出的）puffery鼓吹、吹捧worldwide全世界的DAY5statement（衍生詞：state）term學(xué)期、條款、術(shù)語(yǔ)develop發(fā)展exaggerate夸張、夸大claim聲稱(chēng)、主張legal合法的（反義詞：illegal違法的、非法的-形容詞）prove證明、證實(shí)licence執(zhí)照、許可證lie說(shuō)謊vague含糊的、曖昧的class把?分類(lèi)、把?分等級(jí)option選擇（衍生詞：choice）expression表達(dá)salesperson售貨員、銷(xiāo)售員（同義詞：seller）evaluation評(píng)價(jià)、估計(jì)（衍生詞：evaluate評(píng)價(jià)、評(píng)估-動(dòng)詞）product產(chǎn)品、產(chǎn)物（衍生詞：produce產(chǎn)物、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)、制造-名詞、動(dòng)詞，production生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)品）objective客觀的subjective主觀的identify識(shí)別、鑒別（衍生詞：identity身份、特性-名詞，identification辨認(rèn)、鑒定，identifiable可以識(shí)別的、可以鑒別的-形容詞，identifiably可以識(shí)別地、可以鑒別地-副詞）document文件、文檔（衍生詞：documentary文件的，紀(jì)錄片-形容詞，名詞）notion觀念、想法（衍生詞：note注意、記錄-名詞）caveat警告、告誡transaction交易（衍生詞：transact交易、處理-動(dòng)詞）initially最初、開(kāi)頭（衍生詞：initial最初的、初始的）property財(cái)產(chǎn)、特征deal交易、生意（衍生詞：dealer生意人）Latin拉丁語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ)的basically基本上、主要地（衍生詞：basic基本的-形容詞，basis基礎(chǔ)、基本-名詞）mean意思是、意謂responsibility責(zé)任、職責(zé)（衍生詞：response響應(yīng)、反應(yīng)-名詞，respond回答、響應(yīng)-動(dòng)詞，responsible有責(zé)任的、負(fù)責(zé)的-形容詞）check檢查、核對(duì)payment報(bào)酬、支付（衍生詞：pay支付、給予-名詞，payable可支付的-形容詞）defect過(guò)失、缺點(diǎn)（衍生詞：defective有缺陷的）deliberately蓄意地、故意地（衍生詞：deliberate深思熟慮的、故意的）conceal隱藏、隱蔽（衍生詞：concealment隱藏、隱蔽-名詞）policy政策、方針proof證據(jù)、校對(duì)affect影響competitor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者（衍生詞：compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、比賽-動(dòng)詞，competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、比賽-名詞）statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)（衍生詞：statistic,statistical統(tǒng)計(jì)的、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的-形容詞）run運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、運(yùn)行（同義詞：manage,operate）investigate調(diào)查、研究（衍生詞：investigation調(diào)查、研究-名詞，investigator調(diào)查人-名詞）insurance保險(xiǎn)finance金融、財(cái)政（衍生詞：financial財(cái)政的、金融的）service服務(wù)therefore因此、所以（衍生詞：so,thus）careful小心的、仔細(xì)的（衍生詞：care關(guān)心、顧慮-動(dòng)詞）factual事實(shí)的、實(shí)際的（衍生詞：fact事實(shí)、實(shí)情-名詞）assertion主張、斷言（衍生詞：assert聲稱(chēng)、斷言-動(dòng)詞）regarding關(guān)于DAY6quality品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量goods貨物、物品oversee監(jiān)視、檢查validity有效性council理事會(huì)、委員會(huì)authority權(quán)威、權(quán)利overstep踏過(guò)、越過(guò)limit極限、限度raise提出generate產(chǎn)生（衍生詞：generation產(chǎn)生、一代-名詞）strategy戰(zhàn)略、策略（衍生詞：strategic,strategically戰(zhàn)略的、策略的-形容詞）superlative最高的various不容的、多種多樣的（衍生詞：variety品種、種類(lèi)，vary改變、變更-動(dòng)詞）specific具體的（衍生詞：specifically具體地、明確地-副詞，specification詳述、規(guī)范-名詞）concern關(guān)心、關(guān)注mislead誤導(dǎo)（衍生詞：lead引導(dǎo)-動(dòng)詞）false錯(cuò)誤的prevent阻止、預(yù)防（衍生詞：preventable可以預(yù)防的、可以阻止的-形容詞）understandably可以理解地（衍生詞：understand理解-動(dòng)詞，understandable可以理解的-形容詞）object反對(duì)、抗議（同義詞：refuse,refute,argueagainst）untruthful不真實(shí)的、虛偽的（衍生詞：truth事實(shí)、真理-名詞，true真實(shí)的、真正的-形容詞，truthful誠(chéng)實(shí)的-形容詞）unfair不公平的（衍生詞：fair公平的-形容詞）advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)（反義詞：disadvantage略勢(shì)、缺點(diǎn)-名詞）court法院、法庭、球場(chǎng)clarify澄清、闡明（衍生詞：clarification澄清-名詞）boundary邊界、分界線acceptable可以接受的（衍生詞：accept接受-名詞）best-loved最喜愛(ài)的favorite喜歡的人、物或事情brand牌子make品牌similarly相似地、相似的是（衍生詞：similar相似的-形容詞）expect期待、期望（衍生詞：expectation期望、期待-名詞）expectable預(yù)料中的-形容詞，unexpectable無(wú)法預(yù)料的-形容詞boast自夸consider考慮、照顧considerate考慮周到的-形容詞，considerable值得考慮的，相當(dāng)多的-形容詞，consideration考慮-名詞deceptive帶有欺騙性的deception欺騙-名詞primary初級(jí)的、主要的inform告知monitor監(jiān)督、監(jiān)管ensure確保、保證argue爭(zhēng)論、辯論technique技術(shù)、技巧、手段technical技術(shù)的、技巧的-形容詞，technician技師、技術(shù)員DAY7otherwise另外、否則unnoticed被忽視的、未被注意到的notice注意、觀察-動(dòng)詞，noticeable顯而易見(jiàn)的-形容詞，unnoticeable不明顯的-形容詞crowded擁擠的、塞滿的crowd擁擠、塞滿-動(dòng)詞aspect方面relatively相對(duì)地relative相關(guān)的、相對(duì)的-形容詞，relate聯(lián)系-動(dòng)詞harmless無(wú)害的harm損害、傷害-名詞，harmful有害的、傷害的-形容詞integral完整的、整體的integrate整合、結(jié)合-動(dòng)詞，integration聯(lián)合、結(jié)合-名詞detect發(fā)覺(jué)、探測(cè)detective察覺(jué)的、偵探的-形容詞delight高興、欣喜delightful高興的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容詞discount折扣fee費(fèi)、費(fèi)用description描述、記敘describe描述、記敘-動(dòng)詞discussion討論discuss討論-動(dòng)詞issue問(wèn)題comparison比較compare比較、對(duì)比-動(dòng)詞contrast對(duì)照、對(duì)比guilty內(nèi)疚的、有罪的guilt內(nèi)疚、罪行-名詞summary總結(jié)summarize總結(jié)definition定義define下定義-動(dòng)詞determine決定、確定determination決定、確定-名詞chainsaw鏈鋸recent最近的、近期的recently最近地、近期地-副詞reality現(xiàn)實(shí)realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的-形容詞realization意識(shí)realize意識(shí)、了解到-動(dòng)詞detailed詳盡的、詳細(xì)的detail細(xì)節(jié)、詳情-名詞gasoline汽油同義詞petrol汽油DAY8own擁有owner擁有者advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)disadvantage缺點(diǎn)mobility靈活機(jī)動(dòng)性specific具體的specify詳述、說(shuō)明-動(dòng)詞，specification詳述、規(guī)范-名詞vital生死攸關(guān)的、重大的

affair事物、事件

automobile汽車(chē)（同義詞：car,vehicle）relationship關(guān)系、關(guān)聯(lián)

love-hate愛(ài)恨的

cherish珍愛(ài)、懷抱undeniably不可否認(rèn)的convenient（衍生詞：convenience）industry工業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、行業(yè)commerce商業(yè)（衍生詞：commercial商業(yè)的-形容詞）prosper（衍生詞：prosperous）unfortunately不幸地fortune運(yùn)氣、命運(yùn)-名詞，fortunate幸運(yùn)的、幸福的-形容詞，fortunately幸運(yùn)地、幸福地-副詞downside負(fù)面、缺點(diǎn)upside正面、優(yōu)點(diǎn)pollution污染manufacture制造manufacturer制造商-名詞，manufacturing制造業(yè)-名詞purpose-build依某種目的而建造

factory工廠（同義詞：plant,mill）entrepreneur企業(yè)家

launch投放、開(kāi)發(fā)、發(fā)起

admirable值得贊美的、極美的philosophy哲理、哲學(xué)

venture冒險(xiǎn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

desire想往、期望motoring駕車(chē)

afford承擔(dān)affordable可承擔(dān)的、可負(fù)擔(dān)的-形容詞，unaffordable不可承擔(dān)的、不可負(fù)擔(dān)的-形容詞ultra-affordable最終可以負(fù)擔(dān)的

so-called所謂的

determine決定、確定

status身份、地位

comfort舒適、安慰

protection保護(hù)protect保護(hù)-動(dòng)詞，protective予以保護(hù)的、保護(hù)的-形容詞previous在前的、早先的DAY9vehicle交通工具、車(chē)輛two-wheeled兩輪的scooter小型摩托車(chē)

three-wheeled三輪的motorized機(jī)動(dòng)化的、摩托化的motor汽車(chē)rickshaw人力車(chē)transport運(yùn)輸potential潛在的、可能的；潛力、潛能extensive廣泛的、廣大的predictable可預(yù)測(cè)的predict預(yù)測(cè)、預(yù)言-動(dòng)詞，unpredictable不可預(yù)測(cè)的-形容詞explosion爆發(fā)、爆炸inevitable不可避免的inescapable不可逃避的unavoidable不可避免的wisdom智慧、明智warning警告、預(yù)告consequence后果massive大量的compelling強(qiáng)迫的、引人注目的argument爭(zhēng)論、辯論definite明確的、一定的connection關(guān)系、連接worsen惡化、損害worse更壞的、更惡略的-形容詞respectively各自地、分別地personally個(gè)人地individually單個(gè)地subjectively主觀地critical批評(píng)的、危機(jī)的、嚴(yán)重的release釋放dramatically極大地、引人注目地strikingly醒目地noticeably值得注意地remarkably顯著地affect影響concern考慮、憂慮stuck被卡住

import進(jìn)口export出口approximately大約地、大概地（同義詞：nearly,about,around）dependence依賴(lài)、依靠dependent依賴(lài)的、依靠的-形容詞，independence獨(dú)立、自主-名詞，independent獨(dú)立的、自主的-形容詞effect效果、結(jié)果uniquely唯一地、獨(dú)特地DAY10solution解答、解決辦法benefit利益drawback缺點(diǎn)applaud稱(chēng)贊、贊同mode方式、模式descendant子孫、后代、后裔（同義詞offspring）regard看待、當(dāng)作

original最初的、原始的（衍生詞：origin起源、根源-名詞，originate起源、發(fā)生-動(dòng)詞invention發(fā)明invent發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造-動(dòng)詞percentage百分比、百分率conventional習(xí)俗的、傳統(tǒng)的traditional傳統(tǒng)的orthodox正統(tǒng)地conservative保守的elite精銳、精華crisis危機(jī)unfair不公平的（衍生詞：fair）公平的-形容詞）decrease減少、降低（衍生詞：reduce,diminish,cutback,fall,drop）negative被動(dòng)的（反義詞：positive主動(dòng)的）synonym同義詞overcrowding擁擠的、阻塞的

approve贊成、同意chilling恐怖的purchaser消費(fèi)者purchase消費(fèi)-動(dòng)詞，purchasing消費(fèi)的-形容詞violent暴力的、強(qiáng)烈的（衍生詞：violence暴力-名詞）whereby憑什么、為何compensation補(bǔ)償（衍生詞：compensate償還、補(bǔ)償-動(dòng)詞favorable贊成的、有利的

traffic交通congestion擁塞（同義詞：jam,conjunction,gridlock）cycling騎腳踏車(chē)（衍生詞：bicycle腳踏車(chē)，cyclist騎腳踏車(chē)的人）stuck被粘住的（衍生詞：stuck是stick的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）breathe呼吸、發(fā)出diesel柴油機(jī)、柴油味

fume（濃烈或難聞的）煙、氣commute（乘坐交通工具）往來(lái)college大學(xué)、學(xué)院

issue問(wèn)題；發(fā)行despite不論、盡管flyover過(guò)街天橋lane街道、車(chē)道（同義詞street,road,avenue,pathway）consideration考慮、體諒（衍生詞：consider考慮、體諒-動(dòng)詞，considerable值得考慮的、數(shù)量相當(dāng)大的-形容詞，considerate考慮周到的-形容詞）car-friendly汽車(chē)友好型的humble微賤的、粗陋的restrict限制Cambridge4TEST1ignore=paynoattention=notpayanyattention=takenonotice=nottakeanynotice忽略，無(wú)視v.encounter=face=confront=meet遇見(jiàn)，遭遇v.mistakenview=misconception錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)n.easytoreach=accessible容易達(dá)到的adj.change=modify(modification)改變v.destruction=destroy=loss毀壞n.investigate=makeinquiries=enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto調(diào)查v.where=geographicallocation表地點(diǎn)important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因tect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保護(hù)v.newspapers,television=media媒體n.wheretolive=habitat居住地n.getwarmer=globalwarming變暖n.contributeto=playapart有助于v.survive=continuingexistence幸存，活下來(lái)v.curriculum=course=syllabus課程n.linkto=beconnectedwith=belinkedwith把…和…相聯(lián)系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不發(fā)達(dá)的adj.poor=bad=badly=notverygood=nogoodatsomething=weak貧窮的，可憐的adj.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟隨，跟蹤v.goodvisionability=visionisobviouslymoreuseful?好的視力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=numberone=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking極好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=betakenaback=startled感到驚訝的adj.volunteer=subject實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對(duì)象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=cannotsee瞎的adj.Cambridge4TEST2initiative=onyourown/byyourself=independently=onyourowninitiative=underyourownsteam=tobethepersonwhostartssomething=plan=law主動(dòng)的，自發(fā)的adj.主動(dòng)權(quán)n.increase=goup=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pickup=widen=beontheincrease=intensify=expand=buildup上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bringup教學(xué)v.morethanonelanguage=bilingual=sb'ssecondlanguage多種語(yǔ)言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose決定v.youngpeople=teenager=youth=inyourteens=adolescent=minor年輕人munity=allthepeopleinaparticulararea,city,countryetc.群體，團(tuán)體，社區(qū)n.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable傳統(tǒng)的adj.fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=beafailure=gowrong=notwork=donogood=fallthrough失敗v.endanger=toputsomeoneorsomethingindangerofbeinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危險(xiǎn)v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各種各樣的adj.inevitable=certaintohappenandimpossibletoavoid不可避免的adj.differfrom=unusual與?不同v.reluctant=unwilling=notwilling=dragyourfeet=beloathtodosomething=conservative勉強(qiáng)的adj.consult=asksomebody'sadvice=seekadvice=get/obtainadvice資詢(xún)v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一個(gè)therapist=someonewhohasbeentrainedtogiveaparticularformoftreatmentforphysicalormentalillness臨床醫(yī)學(xué)家n.retrain=takingcourses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工資，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable長(zhǎng)期的plaint=complain=makeacomplaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.connection=relationship=link=correlation聯(lián)系n.beneficial=begoodforyou/dosomebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，見(jiàn)解n.physical=relatingtothebody=bodily身體的adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障礙，危險(xiǎn)n.accompany=with=together=alongwith=comewit陪伴,伴隨mental=relatingtothehealthorstateofsomeone'smind精神上的，心理的adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=thereisachance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut減少n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety種類(lèi)n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排練，演習(xí)n.peer=yourpeersarethepeoplewhoarethesameageasyou,orwhohavethesametypeofjob,socialclassetc同伴n.defensive=usedorintendedtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingagainstattack

防御n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=withtheaidof幫助v.specific=give(somebody)moredetails=expandon=enlargeon=gointomore=greaterdetail=bemorespecific=bemoreexplicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=aparticulartypeofsolid,liquid,orgas物質(zhì)n.surroundings=environment=circumstance環(huán)境n.engage=givesomebodyajob=employ=takeon=appoint=recruit=signup雇傭bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute聯(lián)合v.survival=thestateofcontinuingtoliveorexist幸存n.Cambridge4TEST3quotation=asentenceorphrasefromabook,speechetcwhichyourepeatinaspeechorpieceofwritingbecauseitisinterestingoramusing引言n.exemplify=example=case=instance=tobeaverytypicalexampleofsomething=togiveanexampleofsomething例證v.explain=tell=saywhat/why/whereetc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shedlighton=setout解釋v.outline=todescribesomethinginageneralway,givingthemainpointsbutnotthedetails概述v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=getsomebodytodosomething=influence=encourage=talksomebodyinto=putsomebodyupto鼓勵(lì)v.loan=anamountofmoneythatyouborrowfromabanketc.貸款n.poverty=beingpoor貧窮n.crime=illegalactivitiesingeneral犯罪n.reject=torefusetoaccept,believein,oragreewithsomething

拒絕v.employ=givesomebodyajob=takeon=engage=appoint=recruit=signup雇傭v.courier=apersonorcompanythatispaidtotakepackagessomewhere快遞員n.storage=keep=store=keepsomethinginstorage=preserve存儲(chǔ)n.facility=rooms,equipment,orservicesthatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose設(shè)備n.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=determinedtobesuccessful,rich,powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壯志的adj.effort=totryveryhardtodosomething=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.feature=apartofsomethingthatyounoticebecauseitseemsimportant,interesting,ortypical；apartoftheland,especiallyapartthatyoucansee:apartofsomeone'sface,suchastheireyes,noseetc特點(diǎn)n.planet=theworld=earth/Earth=theglobe地球n.unpredictable=can'tsay/tell=unforeseeable=itremainstobeseen無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的adj.machinery=machines,especiallylargeones=asystemorsetofprocessesfordoingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism機(jī)械n.ultimate=someone'sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheyhopetoachieveinthefuture=final最終的，根本的adj.atmosphere=thefeelingthataneventorplacegivesyou=themixtureofgasesthatsurroundstheEarth氣氛;大氣n.occur=happen=takeplace=thereis=comeabout=comeup=turnup=arise=strike發(fā)生v.expand=getbigger=grow=swellup=stretch擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)大v.form=type=waysomethingis/appears=shape形式n.emerge=appear=becomevisible=comeintoview/comeintosight=comeout=reappear出現(xiàn)v.emit=tosendoutgas,heat,light,soundetc發(fā)出，放射n.situation=circumstances=position=case=plight情況，狀況n.self-conscious=worriedandembarrassedaboutwhatyoulooklikeorwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou自覺(jué)的n.generate=tomakesomeonehaveaparticularfeeling=form=produce=create產(chǎn)生v.various=thereareseveraldifferenttypesofthatthing=different=avarietyofsomething=differing=varying=anassortmentofsomething=assorted=amixofsomething=amixtureofsomething各種各樣的adj.convenient=athingorwayofdoingsomethingthatiseasyandquick;atimeorarrangementthatisconvenient方便的adj.objective=impartial=neutral=nottakesides=unbiased=disinterested客觀的adj.enquiry=investigate=makeinquiries/enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto=solve=beunderinvestigation調(diào)查observe=notice=cansee/cantell=see=spot=detect=notebecomeaware/conscious=catch

somebody'seye=perceive觀察ment=remark=thingtosay=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation評(píng)論include=consistof=comprise=becomposedof=bemadeupof包含，包括v.focuson=dealsonlywith=concentrate專(zhuān)注于v.affect=haveaneffect=haveanimpact=takeeffect=makeadifference=impact影響v.gainedfrom=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom/bederivedfrom=developfrom/evolvefrom產(chǎn)生于?.V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain=afeelingofworryaboutsomethingimportant關(guān)心，擔(dān)心n.Cambridge4TEST4official=formal=authorized=on(the)record官方的，正式的adj.athletic=physicallystrongandgoodatsport=fit=beinshape=beingoodcondition運(yùn)動(dòng)的ensive=involvingalotofactivity,effort,orcarefulattentioninashortperiodoftime=rapid=crashcourse密集的，加強(qiáng)的adj.burst=ashortsuddeneffortorincreaseinactivity=burstofanger/enthusiasm/temperetc爆炸，突發(fā)recognize=know=identify=pickout=tell認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)v.inadequate=notenough=toolittle=few=scarce=insufficient=beinshortsupply=lackofsomething=beshort不足的adj.develop=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom=bederivedfrom=befoundedon=growoutof=developfrom=evolvefrom發(fā)展，生長(zhǎng)v.enable=makesomethingpossible=allow=permit=pavethewayfor=clearthewayfor使能夠v.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guessinadvance預(yù)測(cè)v.specialist=someonewhoknowsalotaboutaparticularsubject,orisveryskilledatit=expert專(zhuān)家n.theoretical=relatingtothestudyofideas,especiallyscientificideas,ratherthanwithpracticalusesoftheideasorpracticalexperience理論的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.nature=plants/animalsetc=somebody'scharacter=qualitiesofsomething=type自然n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.translate=changelanguages=interpret=putsomethingintoEnglish/French/Japaneseetc翻譯v.ancient=belongingtoatimelongagoinhistory,especiallythousandsofyearsago古老的adj.realistic=whenpictures,filmsetcmakethingsseemreal=lifelike=realism=truetolife=vivid實(shí)際的，現(xiàn)實(shí)的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere領(lǐng)域n.document=apieceofpaperthathasofficialinformationonit；apieceofwrittenworkthatisstoredonacomputer文件n.equal=thesameinnumber,amount,leveletcassomethingelse平等的adj.influence=effect=sideeffect=impact=whatsomethingdoesto=theimplications影響n.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=beonyourbest=stayoutoftrouble行為pare=toexamineorjudgetwoormorethingsinordertoshowhowtheyaresimilartoordifferentfromeachother=liken=makeacomparison=drawananalogy=drawaparallel=contrast

比較v.economically=inawaythatisrelatedtosystemsofmoney,trade,orbusiness經(jīng)濟(jì)上地adv.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=tostartanewbusinessororganization.建立新的生意/組織v.sustainable=abletocontinuewithoutcausingdamagetotheenvironment;abletocontinueforalongtime可持續(xù)的adj.realize=know=be/becomeaware=cantell=appreciate=beconscious=knowperfectlywell=know/learnfromexperience意識(shí)到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/putalimit=keepto/keepwithin=confine=fix限制produce=form=create=generate生產(chǎn)v.guarantee=promise=assure=givesomebodyyourword=swear=vow=committo=pledge保證v.liberty=freedom=afreehand自由n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance獨(dú)立n.consistent=alwaysbehavinginthesamewayorhavingthesameattitudes,standardsetc-usuallyusedtoshowapproval持續(xù)的adj.underestimate=tothinkorguessthatsomethingissmaller,cheaper,easieretcthanitreallyis=tothinkthatsomeoneisnotasgood,clever,orskilful,astheyreallyare低估vision=whenyouprovidesomethingthatsomeoneneedsnoworinthefuture提供n.Cambridge5TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生產(chǎn)v.central=middle中心的adj.didnothave=without沒(méi)有v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer帶來(lái)v.timelimit=deadline時(shí)間限制，期限n.increase=goup/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=buildup增加assistant=helper=coach助手n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的adj.illustrate=show=beasign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=beevidence=reveal表明，顯示v.quotation=aphraseorsentencethatiswell-knownoroftenused引用語(yǔ)n.predecessor=someonewhohadyourjobbeforeyoustarteddoingit前輩，前任n.rival=aperson,group,ororganizationthatyoucompetewithinsport,business,afightetc=competitor對(duì)手，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者n.distraction=somethingthatstopsyoupayingattentiontowhatyouaredoing分心的事物n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=besomethingwrongwith錯(cuò)誤，缺點(diǎn)cornerstone=basis=foundation=thekey基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate給予v.stability=theconditionofbeingsteadyandnotchanging穩(wěn)定n.prevail=win=comeoutontop=prevail=carrytheday流行,獲勝v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise合約n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate給予v.fascinate=ifsomeoneorsomethingfascinatesyou,youareattractedtothemandthinktheyareextremelyinteresting吸引，使著迷v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=putsomebodyoff打擾v.expect=think=anticipate預(yù)期，期待v.psychology=thestudyofthemindandhowitinfluencespeople'sbehavior心理學(xué)n.obey=complywith=abideby=keepto=sticktotherules=conformto=observe=respect=toetheline=gobythebook/dosomethingbythebook服從，順從v.identity=someone'sidentityistheirnameorwhotheyare身份n.severity=usedofthedegreeofsomethingundesirable嚴(yán)重性n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand展開(kāi)，發(fā)生v.deliberately=intentionally=onpurpose=purposely故意地adv.moral=relatingtotheprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrongbehavior,andwiththedifferencebetweengoodandevil道德上的，與道德有關(guān)的adj.priorto=before=previous在?前面repetition=doingorsayingthesamethingmanytimes重復(fù)n.genetic=relatingtogenesorgenetics基因的，遺傳學(xué)的adj.sacrifice=whenyoudecidenottohavesomethingvaluable,inordertogetsomethingthatismoreimportant犧牲v.victim=someonewhohasbeenattacked,robbed,ormurdered受害者n.forge=form=counterfeit形成;偽造v.persuade=convince=winover=talkaround說(shuō)服v.surrender=givein投降，放棄v.extinct=anextincttypeofanimalorplantdoesnotexistanymore=disappear=vanish滅絕的，絕種的adj.abundant=plenty=ample充裕的，豐富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸張，夸大v.phenomenon=somethingthathappensorexistsinsociety,science,ornature,especiallysomethingthatisstudiedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand現(xiàn)象n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight認(rèn)識(shí)，觀念，看法n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.entitle=togivesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesomething使某人有權(quán)利/資格v.distortion=achangefortheworse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.dispose=toarrangethingsorputthemintheirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=copewith=dealwith安排，處理uition=theabilitytounderstandorknowsomethingbecauseofafeelingratherthanbyconsideringthefacts=instinct直覺(jué)n.emission=agasorothersubstancethatissentintotheair排放物，散發(fā)物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut減少，減小v.postpone=putback=delay=adjourn延期，推遲v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential

至關(guān)重要的adj.pessimistic=expectingthatbadthingswillhappeninthefutureorthatsomethingwillhaveabadresult=gettingworse悲觀的adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort嘗試，努力Cambridge5TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的adj.derive=originate=comefrom=stemfrom起源v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement動(dòng)機(jī)，動(dòng)力n.generate=produce=bringintoexistence=make=manufacture產(chǎn)生v.couplewith=and=accompany=with伴隨v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient因素n.unique=havethedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special獨(dú)特的adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase進(jìn)步n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector領(lǐng)域n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.like=suchas=forexample=forinstance例如resource=material=source資源，來(lái)源n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.$?D?F?°?D?ò?D吁d吁f吁N崁n崁6?6昀6稀6閥6刀>刀\刀t刀.挀°挀a攙X攀?攀:昀n昀&最|最*梔èinvolve=relyon=contain=comprise包含，牽涉v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特別的，獨(dú)有的adj.drawon=absorb=dowith吸收v.settleon=makechoiceof=decideon選定v.superiority=advantage=edge=highquality優(yōu)勢(shì)n.accompany=when=keepcompany=beassociatedwith陪伴，伴隨v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception觀點(diǎn)n.artificialintelligence=reasoninginmachine人工智能n.involvewith=associatewith=linkto=relateto與?有關(guān)聯(lián)v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver發(fā)行，發(fā)表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困難的adj.task=job=work=labour任務(wù)，工作n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.react=respond反應(yīng)v.relateto=dependon=linkto=associatewith=involvewith與?有關(guān)系v.subjectviews=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individualopinions主觀觀點(diǎn)n.distort=tochangetheappearance,sound,orshapeofsomethingsothatitisstrangeorunclear;toreportsomethinginawaythatisnotcompletelytrueorcorrect=misinterpret扭曲，歪曲v.figureout=settle=decide=tell=understand理解，想出v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment評(píng)估，估計(jì)v.emerge=appear=comeforth出現(xiàn)v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育v.overtake=catchup=sweepover趕上，壓倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，開(kāi)始的adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5TEST3outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence結(jié)果，后果n.overcome=win=getover=exceed克服，戰(zhàn)勝v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit開(kāi)始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，設(shè)想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense發(fā)覺(jué)，覺(jué)察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent障礙，困難n.peer=thepeoplewhoareatthesameageasyou,orwhohavethesametypeofjob,socialclassetc.同齡人，伙伴n.positive=optimistic=uplifting

積極的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform執(zhí)行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financialresource資金，基金eract=ifpeopleinteractwitheachother,theytalktoeachother,worktogetheretc.互動(dòng)v.irrigation=thesupplementoflandorcropswithwater灌溉n.sedimentation=thenaturalprocessbywhichsmallpiecesofrock,earthetc