如何猜測單詞或短語的含義 新課標 人教

Thefirstliesinourbeliefthattheworld

makessenses---thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens.Withadiameterof1,200km,itishalfthatofPluto---unusuallylargeforamooninrelationtoitsprimary.…China’sentrytotheWTOalsocreateshurdlesforincomerises…Thereisanexplanationforeverythingintheword.planetdifficulties編輯ppt如何猜測單詞或短語的含義編輯ppt知識構(gòu)建大綱要求：根據(jù)上下文判斷某些詞匯和短語的意義。測試方式：一是閱讀理解中有3%的生詞（不包括根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法可以推斷詞義的詞），可能會對正確理解文意造成障礙；二是閱讀理解設(shè)題中設(shè)有猜測詞義題，所設(shè)的詞匯或短語可能是熟悉的，也有可能是不熟悉的。編輯ppt考查形式1.Thephrase“…”inthe“…”couldbereplacedby

.2.Theword“…”inthethirdparagraphrefersto

.3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“…”？5.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans.編輯ppt能力提升生詞本身內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系針對性解釋經(jīng)驗常識編輯ppt生詞本身點撥：有些英語單詞是根據(jù)英語構(gòu)詞法的一些規(guī)則構(gòu)成的，根據(jù)學(xué)過的詞法知識可以推測出他們所構(gòu)成的新詞的詞義。例如：Thispossibilitywas unforeseeable，becauseitalmost neverhappened.分析：unforeseeable編輯ppt

分析unforeseeable

unforeseeableunforeseeable

不先、前、預(yù)看見能…的；可以…的不可預(yù)見的編輯ppt注意一些表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的詞和短語：though,as,although,despite,while,inspiteof,still,but,yet,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand,unlike,not,instead等。1、根據(jù)對比關(guān)系推測詞義點撥：對比是描述和說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是相反的，因此根據(jù)對比或反義關(guān)系可從已知推出未知。編輯ppt例1：Agoodmanagercanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.分析：句子前后是對比關(guān)系，即把熟練工人和非熟練工人區(qū)別開。分析：beahasslebeabasketoffun例2：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.(02NMETE)

A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests√編輯ppt2、根據(jù)同類關(guān)系推測詞義

例1：Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.分析：作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代，由此可以推知其詞義。點撥：同類關(guān)系指在句中作同一成分且詞義屬于同一范疇的近義詞或同義詞。這時可以從熟悉的詞語中推出新詞的含義。可以表示同類關(guān)系的常用詞有as,or,similarly,like,justas,also等。編輯ppt3、根據(jù)同位語推測詞義分析：由or引出的同位語推測為“電容量”。例如：Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectriccharge,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits（電路）.點撥：為了強調(diào)某個重點或把某事敘述的更明白，作者有時運用不同的詞語或語句來表達同一概念，構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。同位語兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號、引號和括號等。同位語前常有or,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。編輯ppt4、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義分析：以因果關(guān)系為線索，可確定engrossed的意思為“被吸引，全神貫注”。例1：Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.點撥：在句子或段落中，若兩個事物或現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞的詞義。這種生詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系的句子中，引導(dǎo)詞有because,since,as,for,so,therefore,so/such…that,sothat等。編輯ppt例2：Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60to90centimetershigh.Pruningisimportanttothegrowthoftendershoots,ofyoungleaves.A.regularcuttingoftheplantsB.frequentwateringC.regularuseofchemicalsD.growingtheplanthighinthe mountain√編輯ppt5、根據(jù)舉例推測詞義分析：由后文引出的warsandgreatscientificdiscoveries可以猜出epochal的大致意義是“重要的”，這與其確切意義“劃時代的”十分接近。例1：Theresultsofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotlimitedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.點撥：作者為了說明或證實某事，經(jīng)常會在文章中舉例。這些例子可以幫助我們推測詞義常用詞有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like等。編輯ppt例2：Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Weknowthatifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.(04北京D)

A.stillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.stillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach√編輯ppt6、根據(jù)上下文推測詞義分析：archaeologist為“考古學(xué)家”。例1:Ourearthisveryold.Itholdsmanysecretsaboutlifeinthepast.Archaeologistsdiginthegroundandbringoutthesesecrets.Theydiscoverobjectsthousandsofyearsoldthatinformusabouthowpeoplelivedlongago.點撥：閱讀材料中的每個詞或短語與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著相互制約的關(guān)系，可以利用語境推測和判斷某些詞語的含義。編輯ppt分析：根據(jù)第二個句子的意思，可推測“Whereisthebeef?”之意為“證據(jù)在哪里

？”例2：OneofthenewestAmericanexpressionis“Whereisthebeef?”Itquestionsifitisasgoodorashonestasitclaimstobe.編輯ppt

1、根據(jù)定義推測詞義分析：由定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“困境”。例1：Inslang(俚語)theterm“jam”referstoastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.點撥：有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞給予定義。定義句的謂語動詞通常為be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等。編輯ppt例2：“ecopassages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghurtbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.(05浙江,B)A.anundergroundpathforcarsB.afencebuiltforthesafetyofthearea

C.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariverD.apassforanimalstocrosstheroad√編輯ppt2、根據(jù)定語從句推測詞義分析：根據(jù)生詞SAD后面的定語從句whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder可以推斷出SAD的含義為“季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。例1：KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,which isshortforseasonalaffective disorder.點撥：定語從句是對先行詞的修飾、限定、解釋或說明。介于此，我們可以推測出詞義。編輯ppt分析：arestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood例2：HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(04,福建E)編輯ppt經(jīng)驗常識分析：因為“年輕的胡佛去世了”，所以根據(jù)我們的常識可推測funeral意為“葬禮”。例1：YoungHooverdied.Overathousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.點撥：根據(jù)上下文的語言環(huán)境，運用生活常識和邏輯推理能力猜測生詞的詞義也是一種行之有效的方法。編輯ppt√例2：…Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.(05上海B)A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet編輯ppt例3：…saidEmilyCornette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.(05NMETB)A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onepartofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodinasociety’shistory√編輯ppt鞏固訓(xùn)練1、Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.2、Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashy,unsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends.3、Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.4、Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.5、ThereweresomanypeopleintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.突出（構(gòu)詞法）愛交際的（對比關(guān)系）語義學(xué)（同位語）有害的（同類關(guān)系）擠過（因果關(guān)系）編輯ppt6、Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsofmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.7、Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.8、ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.9、14,000sanitationworkerscarryoff,yearly,threemilliontonsofrefuseandkeep7,500milesofstreetscleanandfreeofsnow.（家用）電器（舉例）人類學(xué)（定義）（門窗等的）過梁（經(jīng)驗常識）環(huán)衛(wèi)工人（上下文）編輯ppt√上下文10、“Whydidn’tyoukeepthemoney?”askedthethief.Theprofessorrelied,“Icouldn’tbecauseitisnotmine.”Thenhewalkedoff,spurningthethief’sofferofareward.(02上海春季A)A.acceptingB.claimingC.rejectingD.canceling11、OneofBritain’sbravestwomentoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspectedpolicekillerDavidBieber—andwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidthatshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto￡30,000rewardmoney.(04湖南E)A.getB.bepaidC.askforD.own12、ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.Butadrugcalled ARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheir symptoms(癥狀).(04湖北B)A.amedicinetocureAlzheimer’sB.amedicinetodelaysignsofagingC.amedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sD.amedicinetocurebraindamage√生活常識√轉(zhuǎn)折編輯ppt13.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butinapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolation(隔離、孤立)hasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplelovetoexperierce.(05重慶D)

A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret14.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.(05廣東B)A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed15.RainforstsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.(05福建C)A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout√√√轉(zhuǎn)折對比常識編輯ppt編輯ppt編輯ppt9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202212:49:59PM11、以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Dec-2219-Dec-2212、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202213、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202214、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。19十二月20222022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1915、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十二月222022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202216、行動出成果，工作出財富。。2022/12/192022/12/1919December202217、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/199、沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。2022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202210、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202212:49:59PM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點點小小努力的積累。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Dec-2219-Dec-2212、世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202213、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202214、意志堅強的人能把世界放在手