浙江省部分地方2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題精選匯編：閱讀理解專題

浙江省部分地方2020-2021年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題精選匯編閱讀理解專題浙江省嘉興市2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.AAlbrechtDurerwasborninNurembergin1471,inpresentdayGermany.Hewasapainter,writerandengraver(雕刻師),buthisfirstandprobablygreatestartisticinfluencewasinthemediumofprintmaking.Albrecht’sfatherwasagoldsmith(金匠)andtheyoungAlbrechtnaturallybecamehisstudent,learningshapingandengravingjewelry.HealsostartedlearningfromalocalartistMichaelWolgemut,whospecializedinartisticwoodcutsforbooks.Durer’sfirstcontactwithartwasinthewoodcutprintingrange,soitislittlewonderthathewentontobecomeexpertinthisfield.Heactuallyexpandedthecraftofproducingpicturesforprinting,givingitmoredepth,andheraisedprint-makingintoanart-form.Towardstheendofthecentury(1497—1500),Durerproducedanimpressiveseriesofreligiouswoodcuts.Indeed,itwasin1513—1514thatDurerproducedthethreeextraordinaryengravings(“Knight,DeathandDeviP”;“Melencolia”;“SaintJeromeinhisCell”)thathadastronginfluenceontheartworldandcametobeknownastheMasterEngravings.Durer’ssuccessasaprintmakerrapidlyspreadacrossEurope.Hewashighlyawareofhisartisticimageandauthorship,whichisobviousinhisremarkablesignature.Ashisartbecameincreasinglyvaluable,Durer’ssignaturewasalwayscopied,whichevenledhimtoaccusetheengraverMarcantonioRaimondiofrepeatedlycopyinghisworksandsignatureandsellingthemoffasoriginals.Intheend,thecourtruledthatRaimondicouldcontinuemakingcopiesofDurer’s,aslongashedidn’treproducetheartist’ssignature.Durerdiedin1528andwasburiedinNuremberg.LikemostfamousItalianartists,Durerprobablyfelthimselftobean“artist-king”,andhisself-portraits(自畫像)seemundoubtedlytoshowamansureofhisowngift.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAlbrechtDurer?A.Open-minded. B.Generous. C.Easy-going. D.Talented.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDurer’sthreegreatengravings?A.Theyweremadewiththehelpofhisfather.B.Theywerecreatedintheearly16thcentury.C.Theywererecognizedasanewwayofpainting.D.Theywereinfluencedbytheartworldofhistime.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Durergotangrywiththecourt.B.Durer’ssignaturewaseasytocopy.C.Durer’sreputationasaprintmakerwashigh.D.DurerhadagoodrelationshipwithRaimondi.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了著名畫家，作家和雕刻家AlbrechtDurer的生平事跡，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了他在雕刻藝術(shù)方面的天賦和影響力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容對(duì)于AlbrechtDurer的描述“Hewasapainter,writerandengraver,buthisfirstandprobablygreatestartisticinfluencewasinthemediumofprintmaking.(他是一位畫家、作家和雕刻家，但他的第一個(gè)可能也是最大的藝術(shù)影響是在版畫的媒介上。)”可知，他在藝術(shù)方面的成就很大，且根據(jù)文章第二段“Heactuallyexpandedthecraftofproducingpicturesforprinting,givingitmoredepth,andheraisedprint-makingintoanart-form.(實(shí)際上，他擴(kuò)大了為印刷而制作圖片的工藝，賦予了它更大的深度，并將印刷術(shù)提升為一種藝術(shù)形式。)”可知，他在藝術(shù)方面很有自己的特點(diǎn)，由此可推知，他是一個(gè)有藝術(shù)天賦的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Indeed,itwasin1513—1514thatDurerproducedthethreeextraordinaryengravings(“Knight,DeathandDeviP”;“Melencolia”;“SaintJeromeinhisCell”)thathadastronginfluenceontheartworldandcametobeknownastheMasterEngravings.(事實(shí)上，正是在1513—1514年，杜勒創(chuàng)作了三幅非凡的版畫（“騎士、死亡和德維普”；”“梅蘭科利亞”；“圣杰羅姆在他的牢房”），對(duì)藝術(shù)界產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)大的影響，并成為著名的雕刻大師。)”可知，這三幅作品是在1513年至1514年期間創(chuàng)作的，即，16世紀(jì)早期。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Ashisartbecameincreasinglyvaluable,Durer’ssignaturewasalwayscopied,whichevenledhimtoaccusetheengraverMarcantonioRaimondiofrepeatedlycopyinghisworksandsignatureandsellingthemoffasoriginals.(隨著Durer的作品越來(lái)越有價(jià)值，他的簽名總是被模仿，他甚至指責(zé)雕刻師MarcantonioRaimondi反復(fù)模仿他的作品和簽名，然后當(dāng)真品出售。)”可知，Durer的作品很有價(jià)值，以致于雕刻師MarcantonioRaimondi模仿他的作品和簽名進(jìn)行出售，由此可推知，作為版畫家，Durer享有很高的聲譽(yù)。故選C項(xiàng)。B“Won'tyoubemyneighbor?”isafamoussongfromMisterRogers'Neighborhood,apopularchildren'stelevisionshow.Theshow,broadcastfor31yearsandendingin2001,soughttoteachAmericanchildrentheimportanceofkindnessandunderstandingtowardsothers.ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.ThatmaybedestroyingAmericanscommunities.MarcDunkelmanwroteabookcalled“TheVanishingNeighbor”.Init,heexaminedhowAmericancommunitieshavechangedovertime.DunkelmansaidmostAmericanshavethreelevelsofrelationships:Theinnercircleincludesfamilyandclosefriends.Themiddlecircleismorecasualrelationships.Peopleinthiscircleincludeneighborsandpeopleincommunitygroups.Theoutercircleincludespeoplewholivefarawaybutshareacommoninterest.Inhisbook,Dunkelmanarguedthatpeoplespendmostoftheirtimeandattentionontheinnerandoutercircles.Buthesaidthemiddle-circleisnecessarytostrengtheninglocalcommunities.Relationshipswithneighborsareimportantfordebate,hearingdifferentideasandfindingcompromise.Americansusedtohavemoremiddle-circlerelationships.Face-to-facecommunicationwasunavoidablewithoutcellphonesortheinternet.Peoplealsofeltmoreofadutytojoincommunityorganizations.Dunkelmanarguedthatmodernlifehasmademiddle-circlerelationshipslessimportant.Hesaidglobalization,educationandmorewomenintheworkforcehaveresultedinlessmiddle-circlecommunication.Americansmaybelosingwhatitmeanstobeagoodneighbor,asFredRogersofMisterRogersNeighborhoodtaught.However;doinggoodforaneighborishealthy“notjustforourneighborbutforourselvesaswell,”Dunkelmansaid.“Learninghowtobeagoodcitizencanbelostwhenwedefertheproblemtosomebodyelse.”4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"refertoinparagraph1?A.Thelackofclosetieswithneighbors. B.Thepopularityofchildren'sTVshows.C.Thewayofteachingchildrentobekind. D.Thepreviousknowledgeofcommunities.5Whatisabenefitofhavingmiddle-circlerelationships?A.Preventingdigitalharm. B.Sharingopinionswithothers.C.Bearingmorefamilyresponsibilities. D.Raisingawarenessofhealthproblems.6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoGetAlongwithNeighbors? B.TheInner-circleortheMiddle-circle?C.WhyareAmericansBecomingDistant? D.AreAmericanCommunitiesDisappearing?【答案】4.A5.B6.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了越來(lái)越少的美國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)他們的鄰居，這一情況可能正在摧毀美國(guó)人的社區(qū)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。文章介紹了《消失的鄰居》一書(shū)的作者對(duì)此的看法，以及這一現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致的影響?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.”以及后文“maybedestroyingAmericanscommunities”可知，最近越來(lái)越少的美國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)他們的鄰居，即與鄰居缺乏親密關(guān)系可能正在摧毀美國(guó)人的社區(qū)。故畫線詞指的是“與鄰居缺乏親密關(guān)系”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buthesaidthemiddle-circleisnecessarytostrengtheninglocalcommunities.Relationshipswithneighborsareimportantfordebate,hearingdifferentideasandfindingcompromise.(但他說(shuō)，中間圈子對(duì)于加強(qiáng)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)是必要的。與鄰居的關(guān)系對(duì)于辯論、聽(tīng)取不同意見(jiàn)和尋求妥協(xié)都很重要)”可知，擁有中間圈子的關(guān)系可以與他人分享意見(jiàn)。故選B。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.ThatmaybedestroyingAmericanscommunities.(但是最近越來(lái)越少的美國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)他們的鄰居。這可能正在摧毀美國(guó)人的社區(qū))”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了越來(lái)越少的美國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)他們的鄰居，這一情況可能正在摧毀美國(guó)人的社區(qū)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。文章介紹了《消失的鄰居》一書(shū)的作者對(duì)此的看法，以及這一現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致的影響。可知，D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)社區(qū)正在消失嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。CInanageofonlineshopping,commercialalgorithmsandstreamedentertainment,mostofusrarelyfaceuptothingsthathavenotbeendigitallymatchedtoourpreviousinterestsorprejudices.Fewwillhaveavoidedthesuggestion“ifyou'veenjoyedX,thenyou'lllikeYandZ”astheysurftheinternetlookingforbooks,filmsormusic.”Butnowthereareeffortstofightbackagainstit.Inboththeartsandthemedia,aseriesofnewprojectsarecelebratingtheimportanceofcomingacrosstheunexpected.Anewself-helpbookbyNeilFarber;anAmericanacademicanddoctorfocusesonthevitalrolethatchanceplaysinenrichingourlivesandthoughts.Anunconventionalservice,TradeJournalCooperativeisofferingtosendarandompublicationdirecttoyourdoorfourtimesayear,fromProfessionalPastatoAmericanFuneralDirectororPlumberMagazine.Anewradioapp,Stack,deliberatelydeliversmusicchosenbysomeoneelse.Stackhasbeensetupinresponsetothevastareasofunknownmusicavailabletodownload.ThemusiconStackisinsteadchosenbyanumberofDJsandmusiciansand,importantly,listenerscannotinfluencewhatitplays.“It'snotdesignedaroundyourusage,”saysWigram,whoisanartdealer.“Butitremovestheanxietyofhavingto'like',or'liking'somethingbymistake,andsuddenlybeingrecommendedtracksthatyoudon'tevenlike.Algorithmsreducediversityandchance.Andit'sthatelementofchance,ofdiscoveringanewtrack,thatanalgorithmcan'tcompetewith.Idobelievethathumanbeingscandoitbetterthanalgorithms.”Sothehopeforaninterestingfuture,accordingtoWigram,dependsuponagoodmixofblindchanceandtrustedhumanrecommendations—abitliketheshelvesoftheoldindependentrecordstoresandbookshops.7.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1?A.Adilemmafacinginternetusers.B.Asuggestiongivenbyinternetproviders.C.Anonlinephenomenonrelatedtopreference.D.Anopendiscussionconcerningonlineshopping.8.Whyaretheexamplesinparagraph3mentioned?A.Toindicatetheinfluenceofthemedia. B.Toexplaintheoperationofnewprojects.C.Toprovethesuccessofacreativeservice. D.Toshowthesignificanceofchanceinlife.9.HowdoestheappStackhelplistenerschooseasong?A.Byofferingexpertrecommendations. B.Bymakinguseofalgorithms.C.Byremovingtheanxietyofmusicians. D.Byprovidingplentyofsongs.10.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteahealthydigitallifestyle.B.Togivehelpfultipsonhowtomakechoices.C.Toadvocateanewwayoutofalgorithms'control.D.Tointroducedifferenttypesofmarketingservices.【答案】7.C8.D9.A10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了如今在一個(gè)充斥著在線購(gòu)物、商業(yè)算法和流媒體娛樂(lè)的時(shí)代，我們中的大多數(shù)人很少會(huì)面對(duì)那些與我們以前的興趣或偏見(jiàn)不相符的數(shù)字事物，但現(xiàn)在有人在努力反擊，提出了一種擺脫算法控制的新方法，文章就這種方法舉出了具體的例子?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inanageofonlineshopping,commercialalgorithmsandstreamedentertainment,mostofusrarelyfaceuptothingsthathavenotbeendigitallymatchedtoourpreviousinterestsorprejudices.Fewwillhaveavoidedthesuggestion“ifyou'veenjoyedX,thenyou'lllikeYandZ”astheysurftheinternetlookingforbooks,filmsormusic.(在一個(gè)充斥著在線購(gòu)物、商業(yè)算法和流媒體娛樂(lè)的時(shí)代，我們中的大多數(shù)人很少會(huì)面對(duì)那些與我們以前的興趣或偏見(jiàn)不相符的數(shù)字事物。當(dāng)他們上網(wǎng)尋找書(shū)籍、電影或音樂(lè)時(shí)，很少有人會(huì)避免這樣的建議：“如果你喜歡X，那么你就會(huì)喜歡Y和Z”)”可知，第一段主要講了一個(gè)與偏好相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Anewself-helpbookbyNeilFarber;anAmericanacademicanddoctorfocusesonthevitalrolethatchanceplaysinenrichingourlivesandthoughts.Anunconventionalservice,TradeJournalCooperativeisofferingtosendarandompublicationdirecttoyourdoorfourtimesayear,fromProfessionalPastatoAmericanFuneralDirectororPlumberMagazine.(NeilFarber的一本新自助書(shū)；一位美國(guó)學(xué)者兼醫(yī)生專注于機(jī)會(huì)在豐富我們的生活和思想中所起的重要作用。這是一項(xiàng)非傳統(tǒng)的服務(wù)，行業(yè)雜志合作社每年提供四次隨機(jī)的出版物直接送到你家門口，從《專業(yè)意大利面》到《美國(guó)殯儀館主任》或《管道工雜志》)”可推知，提到第三段的例子是為了表明生命中機(jī)會(huì)的重要性。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThemusiconStackisinsteadchosenbyanumberofDJsandmusiciansand,importantly,listenerscannotinfluencewhatitplays.(Stack上的音樂(lè)是由許多DJ和音樂(lè)家選擇的，重要的是，聽(tīng)眾不能影響它播放什么)”可知，Stack應(yīng)用程序通過(guò)提供專家建議，幫助聽(tīng)眾選擇歌曲。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Algorithmsreducediversityandchance.Andit'sthatelementofchance,ofdiscoveringanewtrack,thatanalgorithmcan'tcompetewith.Idobelievethathumanbeingscandoitbetterthanalgorithms.(算法減少多樣性和機(jī)會(huì)。正是這種偶然的因素，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條新賽道，這是算法無(wú)法匹敵的。我確實(shí)相信人類能比算法做得更好)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了如今在一個(gè)充斥著在線購(gòu)物、商業(yè)算法和流媒體娛樂(lè)的時(shí)代，我們中的大多數(shù)人很少會(huì)面對(duì)那些與我們以前的興趣或偏見(jiàn)不相符的數(shù)字事物，但現(xiàn)在有人在努力反擊，提出了一種擺脫算法控制的新方法，文章就這種方法舉出了具體的例子?？赏浦?，作者寫這篇文章的目的是提倡一種擺脫算法控制的新方法。故選C。浙江省寧波市九校2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié):(共15小題:每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInmanyrespectsonecouldcallJohnBeltzertheworld'smostsuccessfulsongwriter.Everysongthathewritesisguaranteedtobearealhitnotonthepopularitycharts,butinachild’sheart.ThereasonforthisisthateverysongthatBeltzerwritesisforaseriouslyillchild.Thesongsneverfailtomakethechildrensmileandtoraisetheirspirits.Theyalsoplaythemoverandover.ThismeansmorebyfartoBeltzerthanbeingrankedhighonthepopularitycharts.Thirty-eightyearoldBeltzeristhefounderandpresidentofSongsofLove,anonprofitgroup.Thisgroupcombinesthevolunteereffortsofmusicians,songwriters,singers,andstudiotechnicianstocreateunique,happysongsthatreflectachild'spersonality.Beltzerbelievesthatmusicisveryhealing.Whenanadultlistenstoafavoritesong,itmakeshimfeelgood:thuswhenalittlechildlistenstoasongwrittenjustforhim,theresultisveryuplifting.Sinceitsfoundingin1996,SongsofLovehasbeenresponsibleforthecomposition,tapingandsendingmorethan780songstochildreninlife-threateningconditions,allforfree.Unmarriedwithnochildrenofhisown,Beltzerhadneverthoughtmuchaboutwritingsongsforchildren.Hesaysthatonedaywhilehewaswalkingdownthestreettheideacametohimandheinstantlyfeltthathecouldmakeasuccessofit.HewenthomeandcalledStJude'sChildren'sResearchHospitalinMemphis,Tennessee.Hetoldthemhewantedtowritesongsforseriouslyillchildren,andwrotesixsongsinfourdays.Uponreceivingthesongs,thehospitalcalledhimwithhighpraise.Soonafterthatthemotherofalittlegirlwithcancercalledhimtothankhimandthenthelittlegirlherselfdidso.Atthatpointheknewthatthiswashis“calling”.Asistruewithmostcharitableventures,SongsofLoveisalmostalwaysinneedofmoney.Tohelpinthisrespect,Beltzerhasmovedbackhometolivewithhisretiredparents,whoalsohelpsupporthiswork.Hislong-termgoalistoofferSongsofLovetopatientsofallages,includingnursinghomeresidentsandthementallyill.Amongothereffortstoraisemoney,BeltzersellsCDsandtapes,expectingmuchbiggersales.Meanwhile,BeltzerhimselfcontinuestobethemostproductivewriterinSongsofLove,makingsurethatallrequestsforsongswrittenforcriticallyillchildrenwillbemet.1.WhyisJohnBeltzer,tosomeextent,calledtheworld'smostsuccessfulsongwriter?A.Everysonghecomposestendstobeahit.B.Allsongsareplayedoverandoveragain.C.Hissongsareintendedspeciallyforthoseunluckychildren.D.Heaswellashissongsalwaysenjoysagrandpopularity.2.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“uplifting”inparagraph3?A.Satisfactory. B.Adequate.C.Inspirational. D.Appropriate.3.Whatcanweinferfromthewholepassage?A.Beltzerhadhadtheideaofwritingsongsforseriouslyillchildrenlongbeforeactuallydoingso.B.ThehospitalinTennesseedidn'trespondtoBeltzer'srequestimmediatelyandpositively.C.SongwritingistheonlysourceofincomeforSongsofLove.D.RunningcharitableactivitiesmakesBeltzer'sfinancereallytight.4.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJohnBeltzer?A.Socialandintelligent. B.Compassionateandconsiderate.C.Conventionalandpatient. D.Confidentandambitious.【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。38歲的Beltzer是非營(yíng)利組織“愛(ài)之歌”的創(chuàng)始人和主席，他寫的每首歌都是寫給重病兒童的，受到孩子們的熱烈歡迎。文章講述了Beltzer的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Everysongthathewritesisguaranteedtobearealhitnotonthepopularitycharts,butinachild’sheart.ThereasonforthisisthateverysongthatBeltzerwritesisforaseriouslyillchild.(他寫的每首歌都保證會(huì)成為真正的熱門，不是在流行排行榜上，而是在孩子們的心中。原因是，Beltzer寫的每首歌都是寫給重病兒童的)”可知，因?yàn)樗母枋菍ｉT為那些不幸的孩子們寫的，所以JohnBeltzer在某種程度上被稱為世界上最成功的作曲家。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Beltzerbelievesthatmusicisveryhealing.(貝爾茨認(rèn)為音樂(lè)具有治愈作用)”和第二句“Whenanadultlistenstoafavoritesong,itmakeshimfeelgood(當(dāng)一個(gè)成年人聽(tīng)喜歡的歌曲。這讓他感覺(jué)很好)”可知，此處是指小孩子聽(tīng)到專門為自己寫的歌曲，結(jié)果是令人振奮的。由此推知，劃線詞uplifting意為“令人振奮的”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句和第二句“Asistruewithmostcharitableventures,SongsofLoveisalmostalwaysinneedofmoney.Tohelpinthisrespect,Beltzerhasmovedbackhometolivewithhisretiredparents,whoalsohelpsupporthiswork.(正如大多數(shù)慈善事業(yè)一樣，“愛(ài)之歌”幾乎總是需要錢。在這方面，Beltzer搬回家和他退休的父母住在一起，他們也幫助支持他的工作)”可知，經(jīng)營(yíng)慈善活動(dòng)使Beltzer的財(cái)政非常緊張。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thirty-eightyearoldBeltzeristhefounderandpresidentofSongsofLove,anonprofitgroup.(38歲的Beltzer是非營(yíng)利組織“愛(ài)之歌”的創(chuàng)始人和主席)”可知，Beltzer經(jīng)營(yíng)著為不幸的孩子寫歌的非營(yíng)利組織，所以他很有同情心，根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Hislong-termgoalistoofferSongsofLovetopatientsofallages,includingnursinghomeresidentsandthementallyill.(他的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是把“愛(ài)之歌”獻(xiàn)給所有年齡段的病人，包括療養(yǎng)院的居民和精神病患者)”可知，Beltzer不僅關(guān)心重病的孩子，也關(guān)心所有年齡段的病人，所以他是一個(gè)很體貼的人。故選B。BWhydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn'tdestiny,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.5.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis________.A.toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanB.toexplainone'slifestyleinfluencestheirhealthC.toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeD.toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity6.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?A.Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglifeB.PersonalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimesC.Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevityD.Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity7.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?A.Children'spersonalitycharacteristicsarealwaysdeterminedbytheirmothers.B.PeoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesoonerC.Mothers'influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathersD.Mothers'negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren'slifespans【答案】5.A6.C7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，長(zhǎng)壽不僅與身體健康有關(guān)，而且也與精神健康有關(guān)，研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)壽的人更開(kāi)朗，生活更積極，而母親的性格也會(huì)影響孩子的壽命?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.(《美國(guó)老年病學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究對(duì)246名活到100歲以上的老人的子女的性格特征進(jìn)行了研究，以此來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題)”，其中thisquestion即此項(xiàng)研究的目的，指代的是上文“butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?(但是你的性格對(duì)你的壽命有什么影響呢?某些性格會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)壽嗎?)”可知，這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《美國(guó)老年醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上的研究的目的是看看人們的性格是否會(huì)影響他們的壽命。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.(然而，有趣的是，其他你可能認(rèn)為有利的特征對(duì)研究參與者是否可能更長(zhǎng)壽沒(méi)有影響。例如，那些更自律的人活到很老的可能性不會(huì)更高)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)自律等人格特征對(duì)壽命沒(méi)有影響，這可能有些出乎我們的意料。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.(這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了近2.8萬(wàn)名挪威母親，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些較為焦慮、抑郁和生氣的母親更有可能給孩子喂不健康的飲食。當(dāng)我們成年后，兒童時(shí)期的飲食習(xí)慣在成年后很難改變，這可能意味著抑郁母親的孩子最終會(huì)更早死亡)”可知，最近對(duì)挪威母親的研究表明了母親的消極人格特征可能會(huì)影響孩子的壽命。故選D項(xiàng)。CPeoplehavebeenpaintingpicturesforatleast30,000years.Theearliestpictureswerepaintedbypeoplewhohuntedanimals.Theyusedtopaintpicturesoftheanimalstheywantedtocatchandkill.PicturesofthiskindhavebeenfoundonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpain.Nooneknowswhytheywerepaintedthere,Perhapsthepaintersthoughtthattheirpictureswouldhelpthemtocatchtheseanimals.Orperhapshumanbeingshavealwayswantedtotellstoriesinpictures.About5,000yearsago,theEgyptiansandotherpeopleintheNearEastbegantousepicturesaskindofwriting.Theydrewsimplepicturesorsignstorepresentthingsandideas,andalsotorepresentthesoundsoftheirlanguage.Thesignsthesepeopleusedbecameakindofalphabet.TheEgyptiansusedtorecordinformationandtotellstoriesbyputtingpicturewritingandpicturestogether.Whenanimportantpersondied,scenesandstoriesfromhislifewerepaintedandcarvedonthewallsoftheplacewherehewasburied.Someofthesepicturesarelikemoderncomicstripstories.IthasbeensaidthatEgyptisthehomeofthecomicstrip.But,fortheEgyptians,picturesstillhadmagicpower.Sotheydidnottrytomaketheirwayofwritingsimple.Theordinarypeoplecouldnotunderstandit.Bytheyear1,000BC,peoplewholivedintheareaaroundtheMediterraneanSeahaddevelopedasimplersystemofwriting.Thesignstheyusedwereveryeasytowrite,andtherewerefewerofthemthanintheEgyptiansystem.Thiswasbecauseeachsign,orletter,representedonlyonesoundintheirlanguage.TheGreeksdevelopedthissystemandformedthelettersoftheGreekalphabet.TheRomanscopiedtheidea,andtheRomanalphabetisnowusedallovertheworld.Thesedays,wecanwritedownastory,orrecordinformation,withoutusingpictures.Butwestillneedpicturesofallkinds:drawing,photographs,signsanddiagrams.Wefindthemeverywhere:inbooksandnewspapers,inthestreet,andonthewallsoftheplaceswhereweliveandwork.Pictureshelpustounderstandandrememberthingsmoreeasily,andtheycanmakeastorymuchmoreinteresting.8.PicturesofanimalswerepaintedonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpainbecause________.A.thehuntersappreciatedthepictures.B.thepaintersadvocatedprotectinganimalsC.thepaintershadsuperbtalentandimagination.D.thepictureswereconsideredhelpful9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TheEgyptiansignslaterbecameaparticularalphabetB.TheEgyptianslikedtowritecomicstripstoriesC.TheRomanalphabetwasdevelopedfromtheEgyptianone.D.TheGreekscopiedtheirwritingsystemfromtheEgyptians10.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Atraveljournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Asciencereport.【答案】8.D9.A10.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了圖畫和文字的發(fā)展和對(duì)我們生活的影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“PicturesofthiskindhavebeenfoundonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpain.Nooneknowswhytheywerepaintedthere,Perhapsthepaintersthoughtthattheirpictureswouldhelpthemtocatchtheseanimals.Orperhapshumanbeingshavealwayswantedtotellstoriesinpictures.(在法國(guó)和西班牙的洞穴墻壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)了這類畫。沒(méi)有人知道它們?yōu)槭裁幢划嬙谀抢?，也許畫這些畫的人認(rèn)為這些畫可以幫助他們捕捉這些動(dòng)物?；蛘咭苍S人類一直想用圖片來(lái)講述故事)”可知，在法國(guó)和西班牙，人們?cè)诙囱▔Ρ谏袭媱?dòng)物，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為這些畫會(huì)幫助他們捕捉這些動(dòng)物。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theydrewsimplepicturesorsignstorepresentthingsandideas,andalsotorepresentthesoundsoftheirlanguage.Thesignsthesepeopleusedbecameakindofalphabet.(他們畫簡(jiǎn)單的圖畫或符號(hào)來(lái)代表事物和思想，也代表他們語(yǔ)言的聲音。這些人使用的符號(hào)變成了一種字母表)”可知，埃及符號(hào)后來(lái)成為一種特殊的字母表。故選A項(xiàng)。10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peoplehavebeenpaintingpicturesforatleast30,000years.(人類畫畫至少有3萬(wàn)年的歷史了)”，第二段中“About5,000yearsago,theEgyptiansandotherpeopleintheNearEastbegantousepicturesaskindofwriting.(大約5000年前，埃及人和近東的其他人開(kāi)始使用圖畫作為一種書(shū)寫方式)”，第三段中“Bytheyear1,000BC,peoplewholivedintheareaaroundtheMediterraneanSeahaddevelopedasimplersystemofwriting.(到公元前1000年，生活在地中海周圍地區(qū)的人們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種更簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)寫系統(tǒng))”以及最后一段中“Thesedays,wecanwritedownastory,orrecordinformation,withoutusingpictures.Butwestillneedpicturesofallkinds:drawing,photographs,signsanddiagrams.Wefindthemeverywhere:inbooksandnewspapers,inthestreet,andonthewallsoftheplaceswhereweliveandwork.(現(xiàn)在，我們可以寫下一個(gè)故事，或記錄信息，而不使用圖片。但我們?nèi)匀恍枰鞣N各樣的圖片：圖畫、照片、標(biāo)志和圖表)”可知，本文主要是科普知識(shí)，介紹了圖畫和文字的發(fā)展和對(duì)我們生活的影響，因此這篇文章最可能出自一本雜志。故選A項(xiàng)。浙江省湖州市2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié) 10小題;每小題2.5分，滿分25閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的和D卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AInthe1994Gump,afamousaboxofchocolates;neverknowwhatyou’regonnaThesurprisepartofthefun.Nowblindboxarebringingtheofsurpriseonlineshopping.Ablindboxtoyhiddeninsideuniformpackagingbutfromtheoutside.knowwhatbeinside,althoughthetypicallycomefrompopculture,rangingfromcomicsandcartoons.boxeshavecaughtonsincetheywereintroducedfromJapanChina2014.Accordinga2019report,themini-seriesofLabubublindbox,designedbyHongKong-bornKasingwasnamedChampionofUnitSales55,000soldjust9secondsduringtheSinglesDayshoppingevent.Mostcustomersareyoungpeopleaged1835.AccordingTheblindboxarepopularpartlybecauseoftheircuteappearances.Thetypicallycutecartooncomeminiaturemakingthemsuitablefordisplayanywhere.Evenblindboxesarenottheirtopchoicefordecorations,themysteryanduncertaintyoftheprocessalsoattractspeople.thedominantreasonwhypeoplebuyblindboxesoneafter高二英語(yǔ)試題卷高二英語(yǔ)試題卷第4頁(yè)共頁(yè)“Fearoftheunknownpartofthebox-openingprocess,”saidCao,24,wholivesandShenyang.SpeakingNews,shesaid:openalltheboxes,cannotknowwhatOpeningabl