豬人工授精新技術(shù)-施學(xué)仕博士課件

TitleGoesHereOneortwolinesasneeded豬人工授精新技術(shù)（美國南達(dá)科達(dá)州立大學(xué)供稿）

施學(xué)仕博士美國大豆協(xié)會(huì)-國際項(xiàng)目上海代表處TrainingBoarsforSemenCollection

訓(xùn)練公豬進(jìn)行采精Selectapersonwhoispatientandenjoysworkingwithanimals.選擇一個(gè)有耐心并樂于與動(dòng)物相處的人Begintrainingduringtheisolationprocessbybuildingatrustbetweenyouandtheboar.Spendafewminuteseachdayscratching,rubbingandtalkingwiththeboar.訓(xùn)練開始于隔離過程中，這時(shí)要在操作者和公豬之間建立信任，每天花幾分鐘對(duì)公豬抓癢、擦拭和“對(duì)話”Boarsvaryintheirrateofsexualdevelopment.Some7mooldboarsarereadytobetrainedandothersrequire4-6wkslonger.不同公豬的性成熟速度各異，有些7月齡的公豬就可投入訓(xùn)練，而另一些可能要晚4～6周才行。Adjustthedummysothatitisequaltoorslightlylowerthantheboarbeingtrained.調(diào)整假母豬的高度，使其等于或略高于訓(xùn)練公豬的高度。Planforshorttrainingsessions(15-20min).Someboarsmaymountthedummyimmediatelybutothersmaywanttoexplorethepenanddummyforseveralsession.每次訓(xùn)練時(shí)間應(yīng)該短些(15~20分鐘)。有些公豬會(huì)立即爬跨假母豬，而有些公豬在開始幾次訓(xùn)練中只是探究豬圈和假母豬。TrainingBoars(con’t)公豬訓(xùn)練(續(xù))Someboarsrequirecoaxing.Crouchdownnearthedummy,allowtheboartosmellyourhandandclothesandtalkinareassuringtone.Trypouringsemenfromapreviouscollectiononthedummy.對(duì)有些公豬需要哄騙。要在假母豬旁邊蹲下，讓公豬嗅聞你的手和衣服，采用使公豬安定的聲調(diào)召喚公豬。Keeptheboarfocusedonthedummy.Ifneeded,usewingedgatestokeephiminfrontofthedummy.要使公豬集中關(guān)注假母豬。需要時(shí)可用wingedgate使公豬呆在假母豬的前面。TrainingBoars(con’t)公豬訓(xùn)練(續(xù))NewTechnologies新技術(shù)Boarsemenextenders公豬精液稀釋劑Intra-uterineInsemination子宮內(nèi)輸精Sexingofboarsemen公豬精液性別化Cloningandembryotransfer克隆和胚胎移植Reasonsfordevelopingnewlong-termboarsemenextenders研制長(zhǎng)效公豬精液稀釋劑的原因Morefavorableworkhoursinboarstud增加人工授精站的有效工時(shí)Reductionoreliminationofweekendcollections減少或避免周末采精Reducedtransportationcostofsemen降低精液運(yùn)輸成本TestingofsemenforPRRSbeforeshipping/usingsemen可在精液運(yùn)輸/應(yīng)用之前測(cè)試其是否受到豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征病毒污染Longerstoragelifeof延長(zhǎng)精液儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間Fewerdiscardsatthefarm減少豬場(chǎng)中精液浪費(fèi)Intra-uterineInsemination

子宮內(nèi)輸精I(xiàn)ntra-uterine“body”insemination(IUBI)子宮內(nèi)輸精(子宮體內(nèi)輸精)Deepintra-uterine“horn”insemination(DIUHI)深部子宮內(nèi)輸精(子宮角內(nèi)輸精)PercentageofsowsinseminatedthathavebackflowwithtraditionalAI

傳統(tǒng)輸精法的精液回流情況Timeofbackflow精液回流No.sowsevaluated測(cè)試母豬數(shù)No.sowswithbackflow有回流母豬數(shù)%ofsowswithbackflow有回流母豬%DuringAI輸精中1207663.30to.5hrafterAI輸精后0～0.5小時(shí)11211098.2.5to2.5hrafterAI輸精后0.5～2.5小時(shí)807897.5Steverniketal.,AnimalReproductionScience54:109-119,1998.DeepIntra-uterineHornInsemination

深部子宮角內(nèi)輸精Surgicalprocedure外科手術(shù)法Notpracticalforcommercialuse不適合用于商業(yè)目的Fiberopticendoscope光纖內(nèi)鏡Notpracticalforcommercialuse不適合用于商業(yè)目的Flexiblecatheter柔軟導(dǎo)管Usedonnon-sedated

estrous

sows用于非呆立發(fā)情的母豬Practicalforcommercialuse適合用于商業(yè)目的FirFlex?Catheter(PatentedbyUniversityofMurcia)FirFlex?輸精管(專利權(quán)Murcia大學(xué))MarketedinEuropebyMAGAPOR(Spain,Portugal,Hungary)由MAGAPOR公司在歐洲銷售(西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利)DeepIntra-uterine“Horn”ArtificialInsemination深部子宮角內(nèi)輸精DNAdifferencesbetweenX-&Y-chromosome-bearingspermatozoa

X精子和Y精子之間的差異Vole田鼠–12.5%Chinchilla南美栗鼠

–7.5%Sheep綿羊–4.2%Dog狗–3.9%Cattle牛–3.8%Elk]麋鹿

–3.8%Horse馬–3.7%Pigs豬–3.6%Elephant象–3.4%Camel駱駝–3.3%Rabbit兔–3.0%Human人–2.8%Possum負(fù)鼠–2.3%Turkey火雞–0.0%L.A.Johnson.AnimalReproductionScience60-61:93-107,2000.L.A.Johnson.Reproduction,Fertility,andDevelopment7:893-903,1995.Currentproblemswithsexingboarsemen:公豬精液性別化中的問題Sortingprocessistooslow性別鑒定過程太慢6millionperhourforX每小時(shí)6百萬個(gè)X精子6millionperhourforY每小時(shí)6百萬個(gè)Y精子11millionperhourwhensortingforonlyX僅僅選擇X精子可達(dá)每小時(shí)1100萬Decreasedreproductiveperformance降低繁殖性能Stimulating/PrimingUterus

刺激/敏化子宮Addingoxytocintoeachdoseofsemen在每份精液中加入催產(chǎn)素Addingprostaglandintoeachdoseofsemen在每份精液中加入前列腺素“Inserting”MR-APredilpriortoinsemination輸精前加入人工合成的精漿制品MR-APredilMatinggiltswithsterileboar用不育的公豬與小母豬交配Inseminatinggiltswithdeadsemen用死精給小母豬輸精AddingLutalysetoadoseofsemenincreasedfarrowingrateandlittersize

在精液中加入律胎素可提高分娩率和窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)Item項(xiàng)目Lutalyse律胎素Control對(duì)照Difference差異Numberofsow&gilts母豬頭數(shù)1575155223Farrowingrate,%分娩率(%)83.8080.613.19Littersize窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)10.1510.08.07FI85181338.5to1.0mLLutalyse(PGF2a)perdoseofsemen每份精液加入0.5～1.0毫升律胎素(PGF2a，前列腺素)MR-APredilincreasedfarrowingrateandlittersizeofgilts

[Summaryofthreestudies]合成精漿MR-APredil可提高分小母豬的娩率和窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)(三個(gè)研究綜述)Item項(xiàng)目Predil合成精漿Control對(duì)照Difference差異Numberofgilts小母豬數(shù)29632428Farrowingrate,%分娩率%86.8082.07+4.73Littersize窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)10.2810.04+.24Matinggiltsatpubertywithavasectomizedboarincreasedlittersize用輸精管切除的公豬與初情期小母豬交配可提高窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)Study研究Giltsmatedtosterileboaratpuberty用不育公豬與初情期小母豬交配Giltswerenotmated不與小母豬交配Difference差異1(n=265)9.99.50.42(n=192)10.49.60.83(n=98)10.99.31.64(n=34)10.99.51.4Note:Giltswerematedtofertileboaratsecondestrus.用第二情期小母豬與有生育力公豬交配PregnancyDiagnosis妊娠診斷Bloodtests(23to30days)驗(yàn)血(23～30天)Progesterone

(RIAprocedure)孕酮(放射免疫法)

Estronesulphate硫酸雌酮Estroneglucuronide葡(萄)糖苷酸雌酮Estradiolglucuronide]葡(萄)糖苷酸雌二醇Fe