2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十三　閱讀補全(七選五)-高考真題

2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)第四部分閱讀補全（七選五）專題十三閱讀補全（七選五）Passage1（2021北京）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.]Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.2However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.3Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.4Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants9stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.5Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.答案語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主題語境為人與社會，主題語境內(nèi)容為音樂。文章介紹了音樂對于健康的益處。1.F解題指導(dǎo)設(shè)題在段中,考查過渡句。解析空格前說“音樂對很多人來說是一種消遣娛樂的方式”，空格后說“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音樂對心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），可推斷空格處應(yīng)說明音樂對人精神健康的作用o這與F選項中的“alsohighlypopular”和“theindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety”照應(yīng)。故選F項。2.B解題指導(dǎo)設(shè)題在段首,考查細(xì)節(jié)句。解析空格后說“However,fdrthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，如果一個人處于痛苦中，音樂是非常有益的）,However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對音樂的負(fù)面評價,這與B選項中“musiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud”呼應(yīng)。故選B項。.D解題指導(dǎo)設(shè)題在段中,考查細(xì)節(jié)句。解析空格前說“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺前聽些輕松的音樂），這與D選項中“calmingthebrainenoughtosleep”相呼應(yīng)。故選D項。.G解題指導(dǎo)設(shè)題在段中,考查過渡句。解析空格后說“Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants,stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit”（另一方面，當(dāng)音樂放緩時,參與者的壓力和焦慮水平就會降低，對心率的影響似乎也隨之降低），根據(jù)Ontheotherhand可推斷空格處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與歡快的音樂和心率加快有關(guān)，這與G選項中“themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere”相照應(yīng)。故選G項。.E 解題指導(dǎo)設(shè)題在段首,考查主旨句。解析空格后說"Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，開著收音機還可以對一系列其他的健康問題有益，這就是音樂如此有價值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂對身體總的好處，這與E選項“音樂對整體健康的影響令人印象深刻''相吻合。故選E項。難句分析原句:Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculationthatit'snotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為:thereisspeculation□When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,第一個that引導(dǎo)名詞speculation的同位語從句。在同位語從句中使用了強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)句子的主語thetempo。譯文:說到心臟健康，人們推測不是音樂的風(fēng)格，而是節(jié)奏對你的心臟健康如此有益。Passage2（2019課標(biāo)全國1H）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.1WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic（邏輯）ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.Do*s2Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus（教學(xué)大綱）andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn'thidinginplainsight.Participateindiscussionfbrums（論壇）,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.3Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.Don*tsDon*tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor._4_Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.5Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Tumtoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddonftsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。文章針對如何與在線課程教授溝通為學(xué)生提出了一些建議。.E過渡句。設(shè)空處前提出與在線(online)課程教授有著良好的溝通很重要，下文介紹了該做的和不該做的事情，因此答案為E項。.G主旨句。根據(jù)Dob和Donis中各段首句的特點可知，設(shè)空處為主題句并且是祈使句,設(shè)空處后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞Quesiiens身因此答案為G項。.A細(xì)節(jié)句。由設(shè)空處前面的句子Participateindiscussionforums,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.中的關(guān)鍵信息可知.A項中的That指代dialogue.they指代discussionforums,blogsandotheropen:ended&mms,因此答案為A項。.C細(xì)節(jié)句。本段建議學(xué)生不要和教授聊個人話題，你在說完后，如果有必要，教授會進(jìn)一步向你提問，因此答案為C項。.F細(xì)節(jié)句。本段建議學(xué)生如果對教授的課程有意見,不要公開發(fā)表不滿,F項提到每個人都曾經(jīng)上過不太好的課,與前后文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)，因此答案為F項。Passage3(2018課標(biāo)全國III)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.］WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,^saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa."Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.^Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages,"Teachingdanceiswonderful.2 It*sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it*sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife/93"Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,saysBridges.fc4They*relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.4"So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.5Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI*malive.^^A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。主題語境為人與社會。作者首先描述了跳舞在美國的受歡迎程度，接著描述了自己一生為跳舞瘋狂的生活。1.B本句為主旨句?？崭裎挥诙问?，空格后描述跳舞在美國的流行程度，由此可知到處都能看到美國人在跳舞，與B項吻合。.D本句為過渡句?？崭袂白髡哂弥苯右Z的方式描述了“教舞蹈簡直太美妙了空格后句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞them指代的就是Bridges所教的學(xué)生。22贓的旗世電1曲甌相對應(yīng)，所以答案為D項。.A本句為主旨句?？崭裎挥诙问?，后面以一對年輕夫妻為例說明了跳舞給他們帶來的好處,回答了A項（那么，我們?yōu)槭裁匆枘?）的問題。.F本句為細(xì)節(jié)句?？崭袂懊枋鲞@對夫妻剛來到舞蹈班時情緒低落，當(dāng)他們離開的時候臉上露出了微笑。這與F項（舞蹈好像徹底改變了他們的情緒。）相符。.E本句為過渡句?？崭袂懊枋鲞@么多年來Hillier想跳得越來越好?？崭窈竺枋鯤illier發(fā)現(xiàn)自己就是停不下來,跳舞讓Hillier知道自己還活著。這與E項（即使當(dāng)我非常累的時候我還在練習(xí)跳舞。）相符。Passage4（2018浙江）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.］Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty（房產(chǎn)）neat,clean,andingoodrepair.2Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk,takealongasmallgarbagebag.3Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowthatyouaretheretohelpinanywaythatisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.D.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.F.Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。搬了新家有了新鄰居，想要鄰居喜歡你嗎?按照文章中作者提供的建議嘗試一下吧！.G文章從第二段開始給讀者提供了幾個建議，因此第一段的最后一句起到總領(lǐng)全文的作用,應(yīng)選擇G項。.F設(shè)空處前句中的tokeepyourpropertyneat,clean,andingoodrepair以及設(shè)空處后句中的keeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape都與F項中的keepingeverythingin與eirstreetfreshandinviting有聯(lián)系,故選擇F項。.E設(shè)空處前句提到散步時帶一個垃圾袋，與Jg頸生的3聯(lián)用遁冬塾山氏BieklkUBL相近應(yīng)，故選E項。.BB選項中的helpoutinsmallways與本段的主旨一致，整段內(nèi)容都是在講你可以在鄰居需要幫助時及時提供一些幫助,故選擇B項。5.C最后一段的功能為總結(jié)全文，也是對第一段中提到的文章主旨（如何成為一個好鄰居）進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)，故選擇C項。Passage5（2017課標(biāo)全國I）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.］Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.2Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.3Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.答案［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文。主題語境為人與自我。文章講述了作者由討厭露營到喜歡露營的過程。.D過渡句。本空位置在第一段的結(jié)尾。設(shè)題處前面的句子表明作者三年前對露營的抵觸心理,后面的段落描述了露營的經(jīng)歷。由此看出本題對應(yīng)的句子起到承上啟下的作用，而且具有轉(zhuǎn)折的功能。D選項中的關(guān)鍵信息sincethen和however起到明顯的銜接作用,故為正確答案。.C概括句。前面的句子指出作者的朋友們帶他參加了一次露營;后面的句子較詳細(xì)地描寫了那次露營的經(jīng)歷，但多是比較艱苦的體驗。根據(jù)上下文可知，本句應(yīng)該是一個概括句,總體說明這次露營的狀況。C項史的?SX與前面旗退發(fā)應(yīng),rough可以概括這次露營的特征，所以是正確答案。.A細(xì)節(jié)句。本空所在段落描述了一次愉快的露營經(jīng)歷，本空后面的副詞Instead是一個重要的銜接標(biāo)志詞,表明本空后面的內(nèi)容與本空的信息相反。A選項中的notent與camper照應(yīng)。故選A。.F過渡句。設(shè)空處在段首，引出一個新話題。本空后面的代詞We是一個很強的銜接標(biāo)志詞，表明本空對應(yīng)的句子中應(yīng)該有包括作者在內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)人群。根據(jù)這個線索，選項目史的皿魚血以與』?愴妊對應(yīng),故答案為F項。.E總結(jié)句。設(shè)空處在最后一段（結(jié)語段）的段首，是全文的概括，又起到承上啟下的作用。選項E中的關(guān)鍵信息cometoenjoycamping既是對前面幾段的概括總結(jié)，也能夠順暢地銜接下句內(nèi)容，即希望別人也能親近大自然。Passage6（2017課標(biāo)全國II）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.1,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let'stakealookatthemnow.2.Tellthepersonyou'resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou'llfindthemthen.3.Itcanhelptoeliminate（消除）futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don'tdoitinyourownoffice.4,it'smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.5.Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you'renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou'rebusy,don'tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou'reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicareaE.It*simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou'reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou*renot答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。文章介紹了在工作中避免被干擾的四種方法。1.B細(xì)節(jié)句?？崭裉帪閺木?，空格后的部分為主句，只有B項和D項符合要求。主句指出“有幾種可以解決問題的方法”,B項內(nèi)容符合語境要求。D項內(nèi)容與主句所述內(nèi)容不一致。.A主旨句。上一段最后一句為:現(xiàn)在讓我們看看這些應(yīng)對方法。由此可見，第二段應(yīng)介紹應(yīng)對打擾的第一種方法?？瞻滋幒蟮木渥犹岬健案嬖V這個人你很抱歉并解釋……選項A“如果你很忙，不要為拒絕他人而感到難為情”符合語境。.E過渡句。上文指出，別人要干擾你時，你要設(shè)定好時間，讓別人知道什么時候再來找你或你什么時候去找他們。下文指出,這樣有助于消除后續(xù)的干擾，解釋了前一句所說內(nèi)容的原因。結(jié)合上下文可知,E項“讓他們知道你什么時候有空很重要''符合語境。.D細(xì)節(jié)句。這一段講的是與他人談話的地點的選擇問題。上文指出,你需要和他人談?wù)剷r，不要在自己的辦公室做這件事?？瞻滋帒?yīng)填入從句。D項是一個if引導(dǎo)的從句，意為“如果你在對方的辦公室或公共區(qū)域”,此項涉及地點，符合上下文語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求。.G過渡句。door為關(guān)鍵詞。本段主要講述如何利用辦公室的門，以避免忙時被打擾。上文指出，如果辦公室有一扇門的話，要充分利用。G項意為“有空交談時就開著門，反之則關(guān)上門”,it指代前一句中的dQQTo故選G。Passage7（2017北京）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.]Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（力口強）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofapericxiofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi*stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight*ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters,“Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It*sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.”Sleepisthepricewepayfbrlearning,saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然。研究表明,睡眠期間腦細(xì)胞之間的關(guān)聯(lián)會減弱，從而使大腦為新的記憶騰出空間，但是對于重要的記憶，大腦則會對其加以保護(hù)。.C細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出，當(dāng)不允許實驗室的老鼠睡覺時，它們在一個月之內(nèi)就死去了。本句是上句的延伸，由動物轉(zhuǎn)移到了人類。C項符合語境，意為“同樣，人幾天不睡覺的話也會生病”。.E細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出睡眠有助于加強新的記憶，下文對此進(jìn)行了解釋。本句應(yīng)該是對這個觀點的回應(yīng),E項“那也就是為什么學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)之后如果有機會睡覺的話，他們就會考得更好”符合語境。.F過渡句。下段首句指出“現(xiàn)在我們有最直接的證據(jù)證明他是正確的“，由此可知本句應(yīng)指出某人的觀點。結(jié)合本段提出的“睡覺期間神經(jīng)元之間的關(guān)聯(lián)減弱，從而為第二天要形成的新記憶騰出空間”，可以判斷F項符合語境。.G過渡句。下句中的synapses以及themice為關(guān)鍵線索。下文指出了老鼠在睡完一覺后和睡覺前“syn叩ses”的不同，所以本句應(yīng)該指出本次試驗的內(nèi)容，故G項符合語境。.B細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出，研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)某些神經(jīng)突觸似乎得到了保護(hù),并未發(fā)生變化，這正是對某些重要記憶的保護(hù)，故B項正確。Passage8（2017浙江）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.1Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.?Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?"2Hitthestreetswithconfidence.3Sav/4Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic/Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowannuptoyou.Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don'tgetdiscouraged.4Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon'tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.5Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don'tleaveworkwithoutthem.A.Limityourtime.B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C.Ifyoudon'townacamera,youcanbuyone.D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana"Yes"or"No"reply.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與自我。文章就“如何做好街頭采訪”給出了一些建議。1.D過渡句。該空的前句引入“街頭采訪”這一話題，此空表示“對于新記者來說，這似乎是一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)”,引出下文的建議。.G細(xì)節(jié)句。此段落的建議是“事先準(zhǔn)備好問題”，并舉例進(jìn)行了說明。G項中的this指代上句舉出的問題,很好地契合了上文。.B過渡句。此段的建議主要圍繞采訪時的態(tài)度展開。從空后的“Excuseme”可知，接近被采訪者時要有禮貌。故B項符合題意。.A主旨句。此空下句說“每次采訪的時間不要超過10分鐘”，所以此處選A。.F細(xì)節(jié)句。此空上文提到“采訪時需要得到不同的答案，進(jìn)行大約六到十次采訪更穩(wěn)妥些”，而F項“這一采訪數(shù)量應(yīng)該能給你你想要的答案''正好能與上文密切連接。Passage9（2017課標(biāo)全國III）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.］Here'showtomakeone.2Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.3That'saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.4Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.5Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.答案［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文,介紹了制訂計劃從而可以輕松起床的一些訣竅。短文分為五段:第一段提出許多人感到起床比較困難，指出良好的計劃有助于這一問題的解決，引出下文內(nèi)容;第二段講起床的訣竅之一是找到合適動機;第三段指出要重新考慮早晨的安排;第四段講周末應(yīng)該保持一貫的作息時間;第五段講作記錄并每周進(jìn)行評估。1.C過渡句。本題前面的內(nèi)容說許多人感到早上起床困難，將之歸咎于鬧鐘，事實上輕松早起的關(guān)鍵在于重新設(shè)定你的生物鐘。后面說如何制訂一個（計劃）。由此可以判斷,C項Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.符合題意。2.B主旨句。本題位于第二段段首。后面說，為了改變,你需要決定它為什么重要。及時起床是為了與家人一起吃早飯?鍛煉身體?還是做好一天的安排?一旦明確了原因,就告訴家人或室友你想要作出的變化。由此可知，本段的關(guān)鍵詞是早起的原因或動機。B項Findtherightmotivation.是對本段內(nèi)容最好的概括。.G細(xì)節(jié)句。本題位于第三段中。后一句說如果你買一臺帶定時器的咖啡機，你就會多出一刻鐘的睡覺時間。G項意為“重新考慮你在咖啡館排隊買咖啡時所花的15分鐘時間?！?，與后一句完全契合。.F細(xì)節(jié)句。本題所在段落講的是周末應(yīng)該保持一貫的作息時間。F項意為“無論哪一天，都堅持固定的睡覺和醒來時間?！?，符合語境。故正確選項為F。.E過渡句。本題在段落中間。前一句說新方法試用一周之后,要看一看你的記錄。后一句說如果不行,再看一看你可以嘗試的別的方法。由此可以判斷,E項符合語境。Passage10（2016課標(biāo)全國II）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Agardenthat'sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum（，總和）ofitsparts?1.Butitdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.?2Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（月巴料）._3_.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.?Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhafsimportant.4-howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.5.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。介紹了如何種植和經(jīng)營好自己的花園和菜園。.F過渡句。上句提到了氛圍,F項中thatkindofmagicalquality指代上句中的內(nèi)容，故選F項。.A主旨句。本段列舉了一些人的觀點之后，提到otherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden,由此可以推斷出本段的主旨就是:你要知道自己為什么要種植花木。.E細(xì)節(jié)句。根據(jù)本段中的Somepeoplemaythinkthat...Othersareconcernedabout...可推斷出此處應(yīng)該是:Stillothersmay...。.C過渡句。上句提到:但是那并不重要。本句應(yīng)為:重要的是我們自己種植花木的經(jīng)歷。matters=isimportant,故選C項。.G過渡句。上句提到:通過花費時間回想你青年時期的園子開始吧。本句應(yīng)為:為記憶中的每一個園子,寫下你最深刻的記憶。引出下文:然后走出去，制訂一個計劃把你小時候的記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為你成年后的園子。Passage11（2016課標(biāo)全國I）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Secretcodes（密碼）keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.1Codebreakingneverlags（落后）farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.2Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels^spelloutthehiddenmessage44Meetme.”3Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Lefsnumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme^wouldread44135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.4Forexample,"bridge^mightstandfbr"meet"and"out''mightstandfbr“me''.Themessaget4Bridgeout^wouldactuallymean€tMeetme.^^ 5However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.nanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandfbrspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。介紹了密碼的用途、歷史以及三種密碼方式。.D過渡句。上句提到:人們使用密碼已經(jīng)幾千年了。下句提到:密碼的破解從未太落后于密碼的設(shè)定。由此可知D項符合語境，意為“只要有密碼，人們就會盡力去破解它們?！?E過渡句。上句提到:有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式。下句提到:例如,“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels^^的首字母就拼出了“Meetme”這一隱藏起來的信息。由此可知本句應(yīng)該為一種密碼的設(shè)定方式，根據(jù)下句舉到的例子可知E項正確，意為“你可以用每個單詞的首字母拼寫出一條信息，以此來隱藏它?！?G主旨句。上段指出有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式,并且已經(jīng)提到了一種，本段應(yīng)該指出另外一種。下文舉例說明了用數(shù)字來代替字母的密碼方式，由此可知G項能起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)本段的作用，意為“另外一種隱藏信息的方式就是用符號來代替字母表中特定的字母。”.F細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出:要解讀某個真實密碼的信息,你必須要有密碼本。本句是對上句的解釋說明,結(jié)合下文舉到的例子，可推斷出本句主要解釋如何利用密碼本來破解隱藏起來的信息。F項符合語境，意為“擁有了密碼本，你也許就能寫出代表其他單詞的單詞?！?A細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出了利用密碼本來破解密碼的方式。A項是總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容得出的結(jié)論，意為“沒有密碼本就很難破解密碼”,而且根據(jù)下句“...itisalsohardto...”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)也可得知A項符合語境。高級詞塊l.codebreaking密碼破譯2.cryptography/krlp'toDrafi/n.密碼學(xué) 3.substitute...for...用……代替……Passage12（2016課標(biāo)全國HI）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.1Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.2Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.3Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.4Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.5First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices（調(diào)料）.Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.（Alargeronewilltakemoretime.）Then,it'sreadytoserve.A.Donotbuyit.B.Theeasiestistosteamit.C.Thisishowyoucandoit.D.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.G.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文，介紹了買魚和烹飪魚的小竅門。.G細(xì)節(jié)句。上句提到吃魚對人的健康有益,本句是對上句的解釋說明,G項符合語境，意為“人們認(rèn)為魚的脂肪有助于預(yù)防心臟病?！?D細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出:購買、儲存和烹飪魚并不是難事。本句承接上句,D項符合語境，意為“它只需要一點兒知識.F主旨句。下文指出了新鮮的魚和不新鮮的魚都有什么氣味，由此可判斷F項為主題句，意為“買魚時應(yīng)該先聞聞味道.A細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出有腥味或者味兒很大的魚不新鮮，本句承接上句，指出不要購買這樣的魚，故A項正確。.B過渡句。上文指出做魚的方法有很多種，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的steam可知此處講述了清蒸的方法，故B項正確，意為“最簡單的方法就是清蒸”。Passage13（2015課標(biāo)全國I）根據(jù)短文