安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件

SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillu1常用術(shù)語危險(xiǎn)：hazard安全：safe事故：accident風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：risk災(zāi)害：disaster系統(tǒng)：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safetyanalysis安全評價(jià)：safetyevaluation常用術(shù)語危險(xiǎn)：hazard2Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理論Safetymanagement安全管理Physicalconditions物質(zhì)條件Lossprevention損失預(yù)防Topmanagement高層管理人員Humanerrors人因失誤Hazardcontrol危險(xiǎn)控制Corporateculture企業(yè)文化

Riskingtaking冒險(xiǎn)行為Accidentcausationmodels事故致3Safetyofficer安全官員Safetycommittee安全委員會Unionizedcompany集團(tuán)公司

Safetyprinciple安全規(guī)則

Statusreview狀態(tài)審查Supervisorylevel監(jiān)督層Implementplan執(zhí)行計(jì)劃Hazardidentification危險(xiǎn)辨識Safetyperformance安全性能Safetyofficer安全官員4Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.

ⅡSystemEngineeringSystemsengineeringisaninte5Systemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.

Systemsengineeringdealswith6Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Thesystemsengineeringproces7Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整體性Relativity—相關(guān)性O(shè)bjective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—環(huán)境適應(yīng)性Dynamic—?jiǎng)討B(tài)性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件8ClassificationofsystemNaturalandHuman-MadeSystem

自然系統(tǒng)和人工系統(tǒng)PhysicalandConceptualSystem

實(shí)體系統(tǒng)和抽象系統(tǒng)StaticandDynamicSystem

靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)和動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)ControlandBehaviorSystem

控制系統(tǒng)和行為系統(tǒng)OpenandClosedSystem

開放系統(tǒng)和封閉系統(tǒng)ClassificationofsystemNatur9SystemengineeringmethodEngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearchSystemengineeringmethodEngin10Systemengineeringprinciple系統(tǒng)原理整分合原理反饋原理彈性原理封閉原理能級原理動(dòng)力原理激勵(lì)原理SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral-divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprincipleSystemengineeringprinciple系統(tǒng)11ⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem系統(tǒng)性開放性確定性與非確定性有序與無序的統(tǒng)一體突變性或畸變性SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegenerationⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Fe122.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition

安全系統(tǒng)工程是運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)工程方法，識別、分析、評價(jià)系統(tǒng)壽命周期中的危險(xiǎn)性，根據(jù)其結(jié)果調(diào)整工藝、設(shè)備、操作、管理、生產(chǎn)周期和投資等因素，控制可能發(fā)生的事故，使系統(tǒng)處于最佳安全狀態(tài)。2.SafetySystemEngineeringDe13DefinitionSafetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.DefinitionSafetysystemengine14Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.Researchobjectofsafetysystemengineering3.Researchobjectofsafetysy15Thesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa"human-machine-environment"system.Analysis,evaluation,control"human-machine-environment"systemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.Thesethreeinterrelat16安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件174.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.

Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.4.Researchcontentsofsafety18ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis

Throughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis19maincontentInvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrolmaincontentInvestigateandan20Commonmethod預(yù)先危險(xiǎn)性分析（PHA）安全檢查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影響分析（FEMA）危險(xiǎn)和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件樹分析(ETA)事故樹分析（FTA)系統(tǒng)可靠性分析（ＳＲＡ）原因-后果分析（CCA)Commonmethod預(yù)先危險(xiǎn)性分析（PHA）21PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysisPreliminaryHazardAnalysis22Classification

InductionQualitativeanalysisQuantitativeanalysisDeductionClassificationInductionQualit23PreliminaryHazardAnalysis(PHA)，是在每項(xiàng)工作活動(dòng)之前，對系統(tǒng)存在的危險(xiǎn)類型、來源、出現(xiàn)條件、到事故后果及相關(guān)措施，作一概略分析。總之，即在行動(dòng)之前作一安全分析，以避免考慮不周造成的各種損失。安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件241、MaincontentofPHA識別危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)備、零部件并分析其發(fā)生的可能性和條件；Identifydangerousequipment,partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence;分析系統(tǒng)中各子系統(tǒng)，各元件的交接面及其相互關(guān)系與影響；

Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem,thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship&influence;1、MaincontentofPHA識別危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)備、零25分析物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性（MSDS，相關(guān)的檢測）；Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工藝過程危險(xiǎn)性(含裝置存在的危險(xiǎn)性)；Analyzetheprocesshazard(includingthepresenceofthedevice)人、機(jī)關(guān)系(操作、維修等)Human-machinerelationship環(huán)境條件危險(xiǎn)性分析；Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防護(hù)措施和安全保障分析。Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis.分析物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性（MSDS，相關(guān)的檢測）；262、advantages

分析工作在行動(dòng)之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危險(xiǎn)；Earlyelimination,reductionandcontrolofhazards;系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、檢修等過程的分析結(jié)果，可以作為應(yīng)遵循的注意事項(xiàng)和指導(dǎo)方針；Guidelines可為制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范提供必要資料；

可以作為安全教育的教材。Safetyeducation2、advantages分析工作在行動(dòng)之前，可以及早排除27

Generalsteps

PreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages:preparation,review,andtheresultssummary

28確定系統(tǒng)對象；資料調(diào)查收集；系統(tǒng)功能分解；分析辨識危險(xiǎn)；確定危險(xiǎn)等級；制定措施；實(shí)施措施。Determinethesystemobject;Datacollection;Systemfunctiondecomposition;Analysisandidentificationofhazards;Determinethehazardlevel;Developmeasures;Implementingmeasures.確定系統(tǒng)對象；Determinethesystemob29分析、辯識危險(xiǎn)

DangerousandharmfulfactorsInherentriskOccupationaldiseaseRiskofstorage分析、辯識危險(xiǎn)

Dangerousandharmful301、SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater

熱水器用煤氣加熱，裝有溫度和煤氣開關(guān)連鎖，當(dāng)水溫超過規(guī)定溫度時(shí)，連鎖動(dòng)作將煤氣閥門關(guān)??；如果發(fā)生故障，則由泄壓安全閥放出熱水，防止事故發(fā)生。為了防止煤氣漏出和爐膛內(nèi)滯留煤氣．在熱水器內(nèi)設(shè)有燃?xì)獍踩刂葡到y(tǒng)，由長明火、熱電偶和電磁閥組成。由于長明火存在，即使溢出煤氣也不會發(fā)生爆炸。若長明火滅了，熱電偶起作用，通過電磁閥將煤氣關(guān)閉，防止事故發(fā)生。1、SafetyAnalysisofHousehold31Waterheaterheatingby

coalgas.Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain,whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature,thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve;Ifthefaultoccurs,accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention,thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention.Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfire,thermocoupleandelectromagneticvalve.Duetotheexistenceofeverlastingfire,explosionwillneverhappenevenifthegasleak.Ifthefireisoff,thethermocoupleworkandturnoffgasbyelectromagneticvalveforpreventingaccidents.Waterheaterheatingbycoalga32安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件33安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件34安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件35FaultTreeAnalysisFaulttreeanalysis(FTA)isatopdown,deductivefailureanalysisinwhichanundesiredstateofasystemisanalyzedusingBooleanlogictocombineaseriesoflower-levelevents.FaultTreeAnalysisFaulttree36FaultTreeAnalysis

Thisanalysismethodismainlyusedinthefieldsofsafetyengineeringandreliabilityengineeringtounderstandhowsystemscanfail,toidentifythebestwaystoreduceriskortodetermine(orgetafeelingfor)eventratesofasafetyaccidentoraparticularsystemlevel(functional)failure.FaultTreeAnalysis

Thisanaly37FaultTreeAnalysisThebasicsymbolsusedinFTAaregroupedasevents,gates,andtransfersymbols.FaultTreeAnalysisThebasics38FailuremodeandeffectsanalysisFailuremodeandeffectsanalysis(FMEA)—also"failuremodes",plural,inmanypublications—wasoneofthefirsthighlystructured,systematictechniquesforfailureanalysis.Failuremodeandeffectsanaly39RiskisthecombinationofEndEffectProbabilityAndSeverityRiskisthecombinationofEnd40安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件41激勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的名言格言220、每一個(gè)成功者都有一個(gè)開始。勇于開始，才能找到成功的路。221、世界會向那些有目標(biāo)和遠(yuǎn)見的人讓路（馮兩努——香港著名推銷商）

222、絆腳石乃是進(jìn)身之階。223、銷售世界上第一號的產(chǎn)品——不是汽車，而是自己。在你成功地把自己推銷給別人之前，你必須百分之百的把自己推銷給自己。224、即使爬到最高的山上，一次也只能腳踏實(shí)地地邁一步。225、積極思考造成積極人生，消極思考造成消極人生。226、人之所以有一張嘴，而有兩只耳朵，原因是聽的要比說的多一倍。227、別想一下造出大海，必須先由小河川開始。228、有事者，事竟成；破釜沉舟，百二秦關(guān)終歸楚；苦心人，天不負(fù)；臥薪嘗膽，三千越甲可吞吳。

229、以誠感人者，人亦誠而應(yīng)。

230、積極的人在每一次憂患中都看到一個(gè)機(jī)會，而消極的人則在每個(gè)機(jī)會都看到某種憂患。231、出門走好路，出口說好話，出手做好事。232、旁觀者的姓名永遠(yuǎn)爬不到比賽的計(jì)分板上。

233、怠惰是貧窮的制造廠。234、莫找借口失敗，只找理由成功。（不為失敗找理由，要為成功找方法）235、如果我們想要更多的玫瑰花，就必須種植更多的玫瑰樹。236、偉人之所以偉大，是因?yàn)樗c別人共處逆境時(shí)，別人失去了信心，他卻下決心實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。237、世上沒有絕望的處境，只有對處境絕望的人。238、回避現(xiàn)實(shí)的人，未來將更不理想。239、當(dāng)你感到悲哀痛苦時(shí)，最好是去學(xué)些什么東西。學(xué)習(xí)會使你永遠(yuǎn)立于不敗之地。240、偉人所達(dá)到并保持著的高處，并不是一飛就到的，而是他們在同伴們都睡著的時(shí)候，一步步艱辛地向上爬241、世界上那些最容易的事情中，拖延時(shí)間最不費(fèi)力。242、堅(jiān)韌是成功的一大要素，只要在門上敲得夠久、夠大聲，終會把人喚醒的。

243、人之所以能，是相信能。244、沒有口水與汗水，就沒有成功的淚水。245、一個(gè)有信念者所開發(fā)出的力量，大于99個(gè)只有興趣者。

246、環(huán)境不會改變，解決之道在于改變自己。247、兩粒種子，一片森林。248、每一發(fā)奮努力的背后，必有加倍的賞賜。249、如果你希望成功，以恒心為良友，以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為參謀，以小心為兄弟，以希望為哨兵。250、大多數(shù)人想要改造這個(gè)世界，但卻罕有人想改造自己。激勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的名言格言42SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillu43常用術(shù)語危險(xiǎn)：hazard安全：safe事故：accident風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：risk災(zāi)害：disaster系統(tǒng)：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safetyanalysis安全評價(jià)：safetyevaluation常用術(shù)語危險(xiǎn)：hazard44Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理論Safetymanagement安全管理Physicalconditions物質(zhì)條件Lossprevention損失預(yù)防Topmanagement高層管理人員Humanerrors人因失誤Hazardcontrol危險(xiǎn)控制Corporateculture企業(yè)文化

Riskingtaking冒險(xiǎn)行為Accidentcausationmodels事故致45Safetyofficer安全官員Safetycommittee安全委員會Unionizedcompany集團(tuán)公司

Safetyprinciple安全規(guī)則

Statusreview狀態(tài)審查Supervisorylevel監(jiān)督層Implementplan執(zhí)行計(jì)劃Hazardidentification危險(xiǎn)辨識Safetyperformance安全性能Safetyofficer安全官員46Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.

ⅡSystemEngineeringSystemsengineeringisaninte47Systemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.

Systemsengineeringdealswith48Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Thesystemsengineeringproces49Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整體性Relativity—相關(guān)性O(shè)bjective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—環(huán)境適應(yīng)性Dynamic—?jiǎng)討B(tài)性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件50ClassificationofsystemNaturalandHuman-MadeSystem

自然系統(tǒng)和人工系統(tǒng)PhysicalandConceptualSystem

實(shí)體系統(tǒng)和抽象系統(tǒng)StaticandDynamicSystem

靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)和動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)ControlandBehaviorSystem

控制系統(tǒng)和行為系統(tǒng)OpenandClosedSystem

開放系統(tǒng)和封閉系統(tǒng)ClassificationofsystemNatur51SystemengineeringmethodEngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearchSystemengineeringmethodEngin52Systemengineeringprinciple系統(tǒng)原理整分合原理反饋原理彈性原理封閉原理能級原理動(dòng)力原理激勵(lì)原理SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral-divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprincipleSystemengineeringprinciple系統(tǒng)53ⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem系統(tǒng)性開放性確定性與非確定性有序與無序的統(tǒng)一體突變性或畸變性SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegenerationⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Fe542.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition

安全系統(tǒng)工程是運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)工程方法，識別、分析、評價(jià)系統(tǒng)壽命周期中的危險(xiǎn)性，根據(jù)其結(jié)果調(diào)整工藝、設(shè)備、操作、管理、生產(chǎn)周期和投資等因素，控制可能發(fā)生的事故，使系統(tǒng)處于最佳安全狀態(tài)。2.SafetySystemEngineeringDe55DefinitionSafetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.DefinitionSafetysystemengine56Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.Researchobjectofsafetysystemengineering3.Researchobjectofsafetysy57Thesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa"human-machine-environment"system.Analysis,evaluation,control"human-machine-environment"systemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.Thesethreeinterrelat58安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件594.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.

Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.4.Researchcontentsofsafety60ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis

Throughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis61maincontentInvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrolmaincontentInvestigateandan62Commonmethod預(yù)先危險(xiǎn)性分析（PHA）安全檢查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影響分析（FEMA）危險(xiǎn)和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件樹分析(ETA)事故樹分析（FTA)系統(tǒng)可靠性分析（ＳＲＡ）原因-后果分析（CCA)Commonmethod預(yù)先危險(xiǎn)性分析（PHA）63PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysisPreliminaryHazardAnalysis64Classification

InductionQualitativeanalysisQuantitativeanalysisDeductionClassificationInductionQualit65PreliminaryHazardAnalysis(PHA)，是在每項(xiàng)工作活動(dòng)之前，對系統(tǒng)存在的危險(xiǎn)類型、來源、出現(xiàn)條件、到事故后果及相關(guān)措施，作一概略分析?？傊?，即在行動(dòng)之前作一安全分析，以避免考慮不周造成的各種損失。安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)課件661、MaincontentofPHA識別危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)備、零部件并分析其發(fā)生的可能性和條件；Identifydangerousequipment,partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence;分析系統(tǒng)中各子系統(tǒng)，各元件的交接面及其相互關(guān)系與影響；

Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem,thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship&influence;1、MaincontentofPHA識別危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)備、零67分析物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性（MSDS，相關(guān)的檢測）；Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工藝過程危險(xiǎn)性(含裝置存在的危險(xiǎn)性)；Analyzetheprocesshazard(includingthepresenceofthedevice)人、機(jī)關(guān)系(操作、維修等)Human-machinerelationship環(huán)境條件危險(xiǎn)性分析；Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防護(hù)措施和安全保障分析。Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis.分析物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性（MSDS，相關(guān)的檢測）；682、advantages

分析工作在行動(dòng)之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危險(xiǎn)；Earlyelimination,reductionandcontrolofhazards;系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、檢修等過程的分析結(jié)果，可以作為應(yīng)遵循的注意事項(xiàng)和指導(dǎo)方針；Guidelines可為制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范提供必要資料；

可以作為安全教育的教材。Safetyeducation2、advantages分析工作在行動(dòng)之前，可以及早排除69

Generalsteps

PreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages:preparation,review,andtheresultssummary

70確定系統(tǒng)對象；資料調(diào)查收集；系統(tǒng)功能分解；分析辨識危險(xiǎn)；確定危險(xiǎn)等級；制定措施；實(shí)施措施。Determinethesystemobject;Datacollection;Systemfunctiondecomposition;Analysisandidentificationofhazards;Determinethehazardlevel;Developmeasures;Implementingmeasures.確定系統(tǒng)對象；Determinethesystemob71分析、辯識危險(xiǎn)

DangerousandharmfulfactorsInherentriskOccupationaldiseaseRiskofstorage分析、辯識危險(xiǎn)

Dangerousandharmful721、SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater

熱水器用煤氣加熱，裝有溫度和煤氣開關(guān)連鎖，當(dāng)水溫超過規(guī)定溫度時(shí)，連鎖動(dòng)作將煤氣閥門關(guān)?。蝗绻l(fā)生故障，則由泄壓安全閥放出熱水，防止事故發(fā)生。為了防止煤氣漏出和爐膛內(nèi)滯留煤氣．在熱水器內(nèi)設(shè)有燃?xì)獍踩刂葡到y(tǒng)，由長明火、熱電偶和電磁閥組成。由于長明火存在，即使溢出煤氣也不會發(fā)生爆炸。若長明火滅了，熱電偶起作用，通過電磁閥將煤氣關(guān)閉，防止事故發(fā)生。1、SafetyAnalysisofHousehold73Waterheaterheatingby

coalgas.Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain,whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature,thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve;Ifthefaultoccurs,accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention,thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention.Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfi