(word完整版)外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修三Module1-Europe基本知識(shí)

Allaresilent.所有的人都不做聲。(all指代人或物時(shí)，是復(fù)數(shù))(5)none做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指代可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)均可以；若指代不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。(6)“halfofpartof,mostof,eightypercentof,onethirdof,therestof+名詞/代詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)后面的名詞或代詞而定。eg.Mostofthepeopleagreewithus.Mostofthemoneyisspentonclothes.(7)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意義而定eg.Allmeanshavebeentried.Everymeanshasbeentried.(8)在四則運(yùn)算中，加 (add/plus)、乘(times/multiply)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可，減(minus/subtract)、除(divide)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。eg.Threeplusthreemakes/makesix.Thirty-fivedividedbyfiveisseven.(四)謂語(yǔ)與相鄰的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致(就近原則)(1)either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso，not...but，or等連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)須與靠近的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。eg.EitheryouorIamwrong.Areneitheryounorhefortheplan?(2)在hereis，thereis或其他狀語(yǔ)提前的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式也適用鄰近原則。eg.Hereisapenandtwopiecesofpaperforyou.5．主謂一致的其他情況(1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)詞一致。eg.ItisIwhoamtoanswerforhersafety.(2)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上應(yīng)與先行詞一致。eg.Doyouknowthegirlswhoaresoldiers?【注】：①當(dāng)先行詞為“oneof名詞復(fù)數(shù)”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.Sheisoneofthegirlswhohavepassedtheexam.(先行詞為girls)②當(dāng)先行詞為“the(only)oneof名詞復(fù)數(shù)”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。eg.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.“manya/morethan0rle單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。eg.ManyastudenthasjoinedtheLeaguerecently.“thenumberof名詞復(fù)數(shù)”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。譯為“…的數(shù)量”“anumber。件名詞復(fù)數(shù)”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。譯為“大量的”eg.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolislargerthanthatintheirschool.Anumberofpeopleareagainsttheproposal.主謂一致練習(xí)：Largequantitiesofwater everydayherewhileitisingreatneedinsomefarawayarea.A.arebeingwastedB.iswastedC.havebeenwastedD.waswastedThewriterandactor invitedtogiveusareportyesterday.A.areB.havebeenC.wasD.wereZhang’sfamily ratherbigandhisfamily fondofmusic.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifths;areC.Twofifth;areD.Twofifths;isThreehours___enoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.wereHiscattle veryfat.A.isB.haveC.hasD.areTheaudience largeandtheaudience enjoyingeveryminuteoftheplay.A.are,isB.is,haveC.ishasD.isareWhere myjeans?Ican’tfindthem.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThesurroundings uglyanddirty.Idon ’tliketolivehere.A.was B.wereC.isD.areThere awatchandchainonthetable.A.haveB.hasC.areD.isSkatingandswimming myfavoritesportswhenIwasyoung.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereAll readyfortheChristmaspartyandall eagertoenjoytheball.A.was,isB.iswereC.is,areD.are,isNotonlyhischildrenbutalsohiswife tovisitthezoo.A.likesB.likeC.haslikedD.havelikedNeitheryou,norI,noranyoneelse willingtodothiswork.A.areB.isC.amD.hasBob,asmuchashisbrothers, responsiblefortheaccident.A.wasB.wereC.hadD.areTom,morethananyoneelse, anxioustogotoChinaagain.A.isB.areC.hasbeingD.havebeingJaneisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho bytheirteacher.A．a(chǎn)repraised B．ispraised C．praisedD．praiseMr.Smith,alongwithhisassistants,__ontheprojectalldaytomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworkingWhenIcamein,hisfamily watchingTV.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasManyastudent theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.A.haverealizedB.hasrealizedC.havebeenrealizedD.hasbeenrealized15Part2ThePassiveVoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式：1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化am/is/are+done過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2)has/havebeendone＜在完成時(shí)5)7)5)7)am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)shall/willbedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)6)8)was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)should/wouldbedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式be+過(guò)去分詞1)be+過(guò)去分詞eg.Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些動(dòng)詞可以有 兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。eg.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。eg.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役動(dòng)詞 have,make,let以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。eg.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞 ”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。eg.ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：-ing形式及不定式 todo也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg.Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by短語(yǔ) )。eg.Mybikewasstolenlastnight.借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。eg.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.為了更好地安排句子。eg.Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了)Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型 “吁be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”或主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+todosth.有：1)Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)…2)Itisreportedthat?據(jù)報(bào)道…3)Itisbelievedthat??大家相信…4)Itishopedthat大家希望… 5)Itiswellknownthat眾所?周知…Itisthoughtthat大家詼為… 7)Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議?…四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義 ,主語(yǔ)通常是物。eg.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.【注】：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．(指門本身有毛病)Thedoorwon'tbelocked．(指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門,指“門沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因)表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行 ”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。eg.Howdothenewspaperscomeout彷些報(bào)紙是如何印出來(lái)的呢？系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式 ,但有些表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。eg.Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞(doing)和不定式(todo)的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。即needdoing=needtobedoneeg.Thehouseneedsrepairin(gtoberepaired)．這房子需要修理。形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。eg.Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading. (=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)在某些“形容詞＋不定式 ”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。eg.Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了 forme).4.在too-to?結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。eg.Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)：Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsent D.hadbeensentHervoice sobeautifulthateverybodypresentwasattractedbyhersong.17A.soundedB.wassoundedC.