現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)詞匯表

abbreviation縮寫法acculturation語言文化移入acousticphonetics聲學(xué)語言學(xué)acronym詞首字母縮略詞addressterm稱謂語addresser發(fā)話人addressee受話人adjacency毗鄰AdjacencyCondition毗鄰條件AdjacencyParameter毗鄰參數(shù)Affix詞綴Affixation加詞綴法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亞語系agreementrule一致關(guān)系規(guī)則allophone音位變體alveolar齒齦音alveolus齒齦angulargyrus角形腦回antonymy反義現(xiàn)象antonym反以詞apocope詞尾音脫落aphasia失語癥aphasic失語癥患者appliedlinguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué)arbitrariness任意性argument論元articulatoryphonetics發(fā)音語音學(xué)articulatoryvariable發(fā)音變項aspiration送氣assimilation同化approximation近似化auditoryphonetics聽覺語音學(xué)Austronesian…語系Babbling咿呀學(xué)語back-formation逆向構(gòu)詞法backvowel后元音Behaviorism行為主義Behavioristlearningtheory行為主義學(xué)習(xí)理論BehavioristPsychology行為主義心理學(xué)Bilabial雙唇音Bilingualism雙語現(xiàn)象BlackEnglish黑人英語Blending混合法Borrowing借用boundmorpheme黏著語素brainlateralization大腦左右半球側(cè)化branchingnode分叉點broadtranscription寬式音標Broca’sarea布羅卡區(qū)caretakerspeech保姆語case格CaseCondition格條件casemarking格標志causativeverb使役動詞centralvowel中元音cerebralcortex大腦皮層cerebralplasticity大腦彈性channel渠道classicallanguage古典語言clipping略寫法closedclassword封閉類詞code代碼code-switching代碼切換cognate同源詞co-hyponyms并列下義詞coinage創(chuàng)新詞colorword色彩詞combinationalrule組合規(guī)則commissives承諾類communicativecompetence交際能力comparativereconstruction比較重建法competence語言能力complement補語complementconstruction補足語complementarity互補性反義現(xiàn)象complementarydistribution互補分布complexsentence復(fù)合句componentialanalysis成分分析法componentsofmeaning意義成分compoundword復(fù)合詞compounding復(fù)合法computationallinguistics計算語言學(xué)concept概念conceptualistview意念觀consonant輔音constituent成分constituentstructure成分結(jié)構(gòu)constraint制約construction結(jié)構(gòu)contentword實詞context語境;上下文contextualism語境論ContrastiveAnalysis對比分析法conversationalimplicature會話含義co-operativeprinciple合作原則coordinatesentence并列句creativity創(chuàng)造性criticalperiod關(guān)鍵期;臨界期culturaltransmission文化傳播declaration宣告類deepstructure深層結(jié)構(gòu)dental齒音derivation派生法derivationalmorpheme派生語素derivative派生詞descriptivelinguistics描寫語言學(xué)designfeature識別特征determiner限定詞diachroniclinguistics歷時語言學(xué)diacritics變音符號dialect方言dialectalsynonym方言同義詞dichoticlisteningtest兩耳分聽測試diglossia雙言現(xiàn)象diphthong復(fù)合元音DirectionaliltyParameter方位參數(shù)Directives指令類Displacement不受時空限制的特性distinctivefeature區(qū)別性特征D-structure深層結(jié)構(gòu)dualityofstructur結(jié)構(gòu)二重性edoublearticulation結(jié)構(gòu)二重性embeddedclause子句emotivemeaning表情意義entailment含義entity實體epenthesis插入音ErrorAnalysis錯誤分析法euphemism委婉語evaluativemeaning評價意義expressives表達類factivepredicate敘述性謂詞familytree譜系樹featuresymbol特征標記featuresofmeaning意義特征finiteclause定式字句finiteverb定式動詞formalize形式化fossilization語言僵化framework框架freemorpheme自由語素fricative擦音frontvowel前元音functionword虛詞functionalshift功能性轉(zhuǎn)換functorelement起功能作用成分gender性GenerativeGrammar生成語法GenerativeSemantics生成語義學(xué)geneticpredispotion基因先天條件geneticrelationship親緣關(guān)系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis聲門graddablopposites可分等級的反義詞grammaticality語法性grammaticalmeaning語法意義GreatVowelShift元音大變位hardpalate硬腭head核心詞hemisphericdominanceforlanguage大腦半球的語言優(yōu)勢hierarchicalstructure層次結(jié)構(gòu)highvariety高層次變體historicalcomparativelinguistics歷史比較語言學(xué)historicallinguistics歷史語言學(xué)holophrasticsentence獨詞句homography同形homonymy同音異義；同形異義homophony同音異義hyponymy下義關(guān)系hyponym下義詞idiolect個人語言特點illocutionaryact言外形為inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印歐語系infinitivemarker不定式標記inflection曲折變化inflectionalmorpheme曲折語素input輸入instrumentalmotivation工具性學(xué)習(xí)動機intake接受integrativemotivation介入性學(xué)習(xí)動機interference干擾interlanguage語際語internalize內(nèi)在化InternationalPhoneticAlphabet國際音標interpersonmalcommunication人際交際intuition語調(diào)labeled(unlabeled)treediagram加標記樹形圖labial唇音LAD語言習(xí)得機制languageacquisition語言習(xí)得languagebehavior語言行為languagecenter語言中樞l(wèi)anguagefaculty語言機制languagefamily語系languageperception語言感知languageplanning語言規(guī)劃languagevariation語言變異larynx喉laxvowel松元音level層；平面leveloflanguage語言層次lexicalcategory詞類lexicalstructure詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)lexicology詞匯學(xué)lexicon詞匯linearstructure線性結(jié)構(gòu)linguisticcompetence語言能力linguisticdeterminism語言決定論linguisticlateralization語言側(cè)化linguisticperformance語言運用linguisticrelativism語言相對論linguisticrepertoire全部語言變體linguistictaboo禁忌語linguistics語言學(xué)liquid流音loanword外來詞localization定位locutionaryact言內(nèi)行為lowvariety低層次變體mannerofarticulation發(fā)音方法matrixclause主句maximofmanner方式準則maximofquality質(zhì)量準則maximofquantity數(shù)量準則maximofrelation關(guān)聯(lián)準則meaning意義meaningfulness有意義meaningrelation意義關(guān)系mentalism心理主義mentalistictheory精神論message信息metathesis語音變位MiddleEnglish中世紀英語minimalpair最小對立對ModernEnglish現(xiàn)代英語Monophthong單元音Morpheme詞素morphlogicalrule形態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)則morphology形態(tài)學(xué)mothertongue母語Moveα移動α規(guī)則movementrule移位規(guī)則namingtheory命名論narrowtranscription嚴式音標narrowingofmeaning詞義縮小nasalcavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化naturalrouteofdevelopment自然發(fā)展軌道negator否定詞neurolinguist神經(jīng)語言學(xué)家neuron神經(jīng)元no-placepredication空位述謂結(jié)構(gòu)object賓語OldEnglish古英語one-placepredication一位述謂結(jié)構(gòu)optimumage最佳學(xué)習(xí)年齡oralcavity口腔overextension擴展過度overgeneralization概括過度overtthought有聲思維palatal腭音paralinguistic副語言學(xué)的parameter參數(shù)performance語言運用performanceerror語言運用錯誤perlocutionaryact言后行為pharyngealcavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemiccontrast音位對立phoneticfeature語音特征phonetics語音學(xué)phonologicalrule音位規(guī)則phonology音位學(xué)phrasalcategory詞組類phrasestructurerule短語結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則pidgin洋涇浜語placeofarticulation發(fā)音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多義性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics語用學(xué)predicate謂語predication述謂結(jié)構(gòu)predicationanalysis述謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析prefix前綴presprictive(grammar)規(guī)定語法presupposition前提proposition命題prepositionalcontent命題內(nèi)容protolanguage原始語psycholinguistics心理語言學(xué)puberty青春期qualifyingpredication修飾性述謂結(jié)構(gòu)ReceivedPronunciation標準發(fā)音Recursiveness循環(huán)性Reference所指語義referringexpression所指名詞register語域relationalopposites關(guān)系反義詞representation表達；呈現(xiàn)representatives闡述類response反應(yīng)retroflex卷舌音rewriterule重寫規(guī)則roundedvowel圓唇元音SAE標準美國英語sapir-Whorfhypothesis…假設(shè)secondlanguageacquisition第二語言習(xí)得segment切分成分semanticanomaly語義異體semanticdeviation語義變異semanticbroadening語義廣義化semanticnarrowing語義狹義化semanticshift語義演變semantics語義學(xué)semanticstructure語義結(jié)構(gòu)semantictriangle語義三角sense意義sequentialrule序列規(guī)則setting背景；環(huán)境sexistlanguage性別歧視語sibilant咝音simplesentence簡單句Sino-Tibetan漢藏語系situationaldialect語域方言sociolect社會方言sociolinguistics社會語言學(xué)softpalate軟腭species-specificcapacity物種特有能力specifier指示語spectrograph頻譜儀speechact言語行為speechcommunity言語社區(qū)speechvariety言語變體S-structure表層結(jié)構(gòu)standardlanguage標準語stem詞干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structuralconstituency結(jié)構(gòu)成分性structurallinguistics結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言學(xué)subject主語subordinatepredication主從述謂性結(jié)構(gòu)subscript下標subvocalpredication無聲言語suffix后綴superordinate上坐標詞sup