【KS5U解析】上海市上海中學2020屆高三上學期期中考試英語試題 Word版含解析

上海中學2019學年第一學期期中考試英語試題Ⅰ.listeningcomprehensionsectionadirections:insectiona,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.afteryou.hearaconversationandthequestionabout.it,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyou'veheard1.a.heisangryb.heisexhaustedc.heishungry.d.heisdisappointed2.a.gooverhislessonbattendthepartyc.eatoutwithfriendsd.takethefinalexam.3.a.sheismostlikelytobearrestedb.shehasforgottentocallthepolice.c.shemayhavelostherdrivinglicense.d.sheislyingtothepoliceofficer4.a.billbrokehispromisebmumwillprobablyrewardbillc.billfailedinthetestd.mumisworriedaboutbillswork5.a.makearecoveryplatbgobacktoworkc.dropoutofschooldquitherpresentjob.6.a.shegavehimalifthomeagainb.sheofferedhimanextraroomcshetreatedhimwellatherhomedshesparedmuchtimeforhime7.a.shedoesn'thavetimetofindanewflatb.shehasnotpaidenoughrentinadc.sheisunlikelytogiveuptheniceflatd.shewantstodecoratetheflatduringtheholiday8.a.extremesports.b.travelins/lance.c.bungeejumping.d.divingsafety.9.a.shelikesphillips'singingverymuchb.sheappreciatesotherkindsofmusicalsc.sheenjoysthechangesofhismusicalsd.sheadmiresothersingers.morethanphillips10.a.americanstudentsaretootalkativeinclass.b.it'shardtolearnalotinanamericanschoolc.onecanjoininschoolingindifferentwaysd.activeparticipationisgreatlyencouragedsectionbdirections:insectionb,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheardquestions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11.aoneshouldwaitforthingstohappenbeforeleavingb.oneshouldremainsilentwhenthingsaregettinghardc.oneshouldtrytotakecontrolofthedifficultsituationd.oneshouldturntootherpeopleforinstanthelp12.a.bymotivatinghimselftotakeaction.b.byseekinghelpfromhisfriendsc.bythinkingofthemeaningoflife.d.bytakinggoodcareofhimself13.alifeisnotalwayspeacefulanditisfullofterribleaccidentsb.keepapositiveattitudeandfocusonsurvivalwhateverhappenc.advancedequipmentistheessentialfactorinsurvivingcrisesd.bereadytogetimmediateassistancewhenlostinthejungle.14.a.ln1969b.ln2012c.ln1976d.ir201615.asuggestedcreatingauniversityofscienceandtechnologyinegyptb.helpedmanyegyptianscientiststobeawardedthenobelprizec.developedcooperationwiththeuniversityofcaliforniaintheu.sd.providedexcellentegyptianstudentswithmorefinancialsupport16.a.forhisrelationshipwithegyptianpresident.b.forhisacademicperformanceintechnologyc.forhisgoodserviceintheegyptianarmyd.forhisoutstandingcontributionstoegyptquestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.a.itoffersdifferentopinionsonoldageb.itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldagec.itinvestigatesthecausesoftheagingproblem.d.itrevealsthesecretsoflivinglonger18.a.theoldarethoughttobehealthyb.theoldarereportedtobepoorbuthappyc.theoldareregardedasanunattractivegroupd.theoldareconsidereddangeroustothesociety.19.a.theyareeasytofalldownwithseriousillnessb.theyenjoytravelingandgettingnewexperiencec.theyaredifficulttoberecognizedduetothechangesd.theyhavenomorementalproblemsthanthemiddle-aged20.araisepeople'sawarenessofcaringfortheoldb.helppeopletaketheirresponsibilitiesfortheoldc.changepeople'sattitudetowardstheagedgroupd.easepeople'sfearandanxietyaboutgrowingoldⅡ.grammarandvocabularysectionbdirections:afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanksto.makethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.itisaroughworldoutthere.stepoutsideofashoppingmallandyoucouldbreakyourleg____1____(slip)onthedoormat.luckily,ifthedoormatfailedtowarnofcomingdanger,asuccessfullawsuit(官司)mightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.sincetheearly1980s,jurieshavebegunholdingmorecompaniesresponsibleforthecustomers'misfortunes.feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritinglongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.today,evenladderscarryalabelseveralincheslongthat____2____(warn)amongotherthings,thatyoumightfalloff.whilewarningsareoftennecessaryforcompanies,manystillfeeluncertainwhetherthoselabelscanprotect___3___fromlegalresponsibilityifacustomerisinjured.actually,about50%ofthecompanieslosewhen___4___(take)tocourtbytheinjuredcustomer.nowthetideappearstobeturning___5___personalinjuryclaimscontinuetogrow,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants(被告),especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.inmay,julienimmons,presidentofschuttsportssuccessfullyfoughtalawsuit___7___(involve)afootballerwhowasparalyzed(t)inagamewhilewearingaschutthelmet."wearereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,___8___helmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysnimmons.thejuryfinallyagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheinjury.meanwhile,theamericanlawinstitute,agroupofjudgesandlawyers,issuednewguidelinesstatingthatcompaniesneedn'twarncustomersofobviousdangersorannoythemwithalengthylistofpossibleones____9____informationwon'tgetburiedinaseaoftrivialities(瑣事).ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnot_____10_____aprotectionagainstlegalresponsibility.【答案】1.slipping2.warms3.them4.taken5.as6.where7.involving8.but9.so10.as【解析】本文為說明文。本文就警告牌在使用的過程中出現(xiàn)了一些危險，導(dǎo)致消費者與公司之間發(fā)生糾紛而產(chǎn)生索賠展開了討論?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：外面的世界很艱難。走出商場，你可能會在門墊上滑倒而摔斷腿。根據(jù)語境可知，此空在句中作狀語，其邏輯主語是you，二者是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。故填slipping?！?題詳解】考查主謂一致及時態(tài)。句意：今天，甚至梯子上都有一個幾英寸長的標簽，上面寫著“可能會掉下來”等警告。分析句子可知，本句是定語從句，其中定語從句修飾先行詞alabel，alabel在定語從句中作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。本句敘述的是現(xiàn)在的一個客觀事實，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填warms?！?題詳解】考查人稱代詞。句意：但許多公司仍然不確定，如果顧客受到傷害，這些標簽是否能使他們免于承擔法律責任。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，此處的主語是許多公司many(companies)，不知道這些標簽是否能使他們免于承擔法律責任?？芍?，本空指代上文中many(companies)，并在句中作動詞protect的賓語，應(yīng)使用代詞的賓格。故填them?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：事實上，當受傷的顧客把公司告上法庭時，大約有50%的公司蒙受了損失?！皌akesb.tocourt”為固定搭配，意為“把……告上法庭”。分析句子可知，本空的邏輯主語是50%ofthecompanies，二者是被動關(guān)系，此處是指公司被告上法庭，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，表被動。故填taken?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：隨著人身傷害索賠的不斷增加，形勢似乎正在轉(zhuǎn)變，一些法院開始站在被告一邊。根據(jù)語境可知，本空應(yīng)使用連接詞as“隨著”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填as?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一些法院開始站在被告一邊，特別是在警告標簽可能不會改變?nèi)魏问虑榈那闆r下。分析句子especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.可知，本句是定語從句，其中的先行詞為cases，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此處指“尤其是在這樣的案件中”。故填where.【7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：今年5月，舒特體育總裁朱莉·尼蒙斯（julienimmons）成功地打了一場官司，一名足球運動員戴著schutt頭盔而導(dǎo)致全身癱瘓的足球運動員。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定語，修飾名詞alawsuit，它與動詞involve二者是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。故填involving?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們真的很抱歉，他已經(jīng)癱瘓了，但頭盔的設(shè)計并不是為了防止這種傷害。分析句子可知，空格前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用but。故填but?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：與此同時，由法官和律師組成的美國法律研究所(americanlawinstitute)發(fā)布了新的指導(dǎo)方針，稱公司不必提醒客戶注意顯而易見的危險，也不必用一長串可能的危險來惹惱他們，因此信息就不會被淹沒在一大堆瑣碎的小事中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知，此處使用連詞so“因此”連接上下語境。故填so?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這些產(chǎn)品的信息可能實際上是為了客戶的利益而提供的，而不是作為對法律責任的保護。分析語境可知，本空缺少一個介詞，根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)使用介詞as“作為”。故填as。sectioncdirections:completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.theabilitytowritewellisnotagift.sure,thespecialsomethingsettingapartshakespeareortolstoyisatalent____11____ofdisposition(性情),experienceandcommitment.butjustbeingabletocommunicateclearlywithwrittenwordsisalearnedskill.becausethewordsweusetowritewitharethesamewordsweusetothinkwith,learningtowritewellhasimplicationsgoingbeyondthemerelytechnical.asweimproveourwritingability,weimproveourabilitytothink--tobuildanargument,toframeissuesinforcefulways,to___12___seeminglyunrelatedfactsintoacoherentwhole.anddespitetherecurringpessimisticopinionsaboutthe"endofliteracy"andthe"deathofthe___13___word",therealityisthatwewritemorethaneverthesedays.whileit'sararepersonwhositsdownwithpenandpaperinhandandwritesalettertoafriendorlovedone,we___14___emailsatanastoundingrate.wealsofrequentlywriteletters,proposals,memos,speechesanddozensofmore___15___typesofdocumentsinaword,weare___16___writingcreatures.it'snowonderthatbusinessesrepeatedlycite"communicationskills"asthesinglemost___17___traitinnewemployees.theproblem,though,isthatweareasasociety___18___badatwriting.thatisagreatdanger.outclassroomisfilledwithunmotivatedstudentswhocouldcarelessaboutwriting.butbeingabletowritewellvastlyimprovesstudents'potentialforsuccessasithelpsthemtothinkthroughproblemsandexpresstheirideasmoreeffectivelythegoodnewsisthatwritingwellisnotagift___19___forthefewbutasetofskillsthatcanbemasteredbyanyone.herearesometipstohelpyoumovefrombeing___20___capabletobeinganexcellentwriter.first,startajournalorablogtogetyouwritingregularly.thenreaditsothatyoucanfindtheawkwardparts.finally,beopentoothers'commentssoifyouworryaboutyourwritingability,commityourselfnow.tobecomingasolidwriterintheyeartocome.【答案】11.ad12.d13.ab14.a15.bc16.ac17.bd18.ae19.c20.b【解析】本文為說明文。本文敘述了寫作能力不是天賦的。寫作不僅是可以學習到的一種技術(shù)，可以讓你變成一個優(yōu)秀的作家，也提高了我們思考的能力?！?1題詳解】考查語境及固定搭配。句意：寫得好不是天賦。當然，莎士比亞和托爾斯泰的獨特之處在于他天然的性格、經(jīng)驗和他的奉獻。但是，僅僅能夠用文字清晰地交流是一種可以學習的技能?！癰ornof”為固定搭配，意為“出生于，天生的?！贝颂幨侵赋錾鷷r就有的，填born。故選ad?！?2題詳解】考查語境及謂語動詞的時態(tài)。句意：隨著我們寫作能力的提高，我們思考的能力也在提高---確立一個論據(jù)，用有力的方式來闡述問題，把看似無關(guān)的事實組織成一個連貫的整體。根據(jù)前一句可知，寫作及思考能力的提高，我們就能把看似無關(guān)的事實“組織/編織（weave）”成一個連貫的整體。由于本句敘述的是事實，且本空是動詞不定式，填原形，故填weave。故選d?！?3題詳解】考查語境及過去分詞作定語。句意：盡管對“讀寫能力的終結(jié)”和“印刷文字的消亡”的悲觀看法反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但現(xiàn)實是，我們?nèi)缃竦膶懽髁勘纫酝魏螘r候都多。根據(jù)“l(fā)iteracy”以及“word”,可知，此處“出版的文字”，文字與出版二者是被動關(guān)系，要填printed。故選ab?！?4題詳解】考查語境及動詞。句意：雖然很少有人會坐下來手里拿著紙和筆給朋友或愛人寫信，但我們卻會以驚人的速度發(fā)送電子郵件。根據(jù)語境可知，此處我們會不斷發(fā)送郵件，“pour”意為“不斷涌現(xiàn)”，空前是不定式符號，應(yīng)使用動詞原形。故選a?！?5題詳解】考查語境及形容詞作定語。句意：我們還經(jīng)常寫信、寫建議、寫備忘錄、寫演講，以及寫幾十種更專業(yè)的文件，分析句意可知，根據(jù)“writeletters,proposals,memos,speeches”以及后面的“typesofdocuments”可知，這些東西相對比較專業(yè)。形容詞“specialized”，意為“專業(yè)的”。故選bc?！?6題詳解】考查語境及副詞。句意：總之，我們實際上是在書寫的生物。根據(jù)語境可知，此處修飾整個句子，要用副詞“actually”。故選ac?！?7題詳解】考查語境及形容詞作定語。句意：難怪企業(yè)反復(fù)強調(diào)“溝通技巧”是新員工最值得擁有的特質(zhì)。分析句子可知，此處在句中作定語，修飾名詞trait。根據(jù)語境可知，“溝通技巧”是新員工值得擁有的（desirable）。故選bd?！?8題詳解】考查語境及副詞。句意：但問題是，我們整個社會都不擅長寫作。這是一個巨大的危險。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指程度，修飾形容詞bad，表示“極其，非?！?。而“incredibly”。故選ae【19題詳解】考查語境及語態(tài)。句意：好消息是，寫作好不是少數(shù)人擁有的天賦。根據(jù)語境可知，天賦是被擁有（reserve），二者是被動關(guān)系，要填reserved故選c。【20題詳解】考查語境及副詞作狀語。句意：這里有一些建議可以幫助你從僅僅是一個有能力的人變成一個優(yōu)秀的作家。此處修飾形容詞“capable”，應(yīng)使用副詞merely“僅僅”。故選b。Ⅲ.readingcomprehensionsectionaclozeifyouexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerinthelastwordcuptournament,youwillmostlikelyfindtheexcellentplayerswerebornintheearliermonthsoftheyear.ifyouthenexaminetheeuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheworldcup,youwillfindthisphenomenonevenmore___21___.whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?someguessacertainastrologicalsign(星座)____22____superiorsoccerskills;othersmaintainthatwinter-bornbabieshavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina(itt).butandersonericsson,a58-year-oldprofessorwhoiscalledtheexpertonexperts,believesinneither.hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involved___23___trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."withthefirstsubjectafter20hoursoftraining,hisdigitalspanroseto20,ericssonrecalls,"andafterabout200hoursoftraininghecouldrepeatupto80numbersthissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitselfisnot___24___determined,ledericssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesare____25____byhowwelleachpersonencodestheinformation.andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownas____26____practice.itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask___27___playingac-minorscale100timeshittingtennisservesuntilyourshoulderpopsoutofitssocket.___28___itinvolvessteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone,settingspecificandwell-definedgoals,focusingon___29___areasofexpertise,obtainingimmediatefeedbackfromprofessionalsandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyinghighachieversinawiderangeof____30____includingsoccer,golf,chess,pianoplayinganddarts.theygatherallthedatatheycanandmakearathershockingstatement:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly____31____,andyes,expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade.ericsson’sformulaseemsappealingtomanytigerparents:"practicemakesperfect"isnaturally____32____togeneticdeterminism.by____33____innateabilityasinsignificant,manyareconfidenttheycanmakeaconcert-levelpianistoranolympicfigureskateroftheirkidsaslongastheypushthemhardenough.ericsson,____34____believeswhatparentsshouldlearnfromthescienceofexpertiseisnottheeffectofloggingthousandsofhours,buthowtogetkidsto.____35____theimportanceandchallengeofeffectivepractice21.a.understandable b.misleading c.appealing d.noticeable22.a.promises b.improves c.compromises d.masters23.a.numbers b.subjects c.memory d.practice24a.physically b.genetically c.fundamentally d.psychologically25.a.overshadow b.demonstrated c.strengthened d.produced26.a.enormous b.deliberate c.desperate d.persistent27.a.onaverage b.moreimportantly c.forinstance d.inparticular28.a.besides b.nevertheless c.therefore d.rather29.a.various b.comprehensive c.targeted d.minor30.a.pursuits b.occupations c.performances d.assumptions31.a.underestimate b.overrated c.flexible d.demanding32.a.equal b.inferior c.preferable d.beneficial33.a.dismissing b.lacking c.recognizing d.highlighting34.a.likewise b.therefore c.besides d.however35.a.study b.practice c.reflect d.embrace【答案】21.d22.a23.c24.b25.a26.b27.c28.d29.c30.a31.b32.c33.a34.d35.d【解析】本文為說明文。本文通過對足球、高爾夫、國際象棋、鋼琴演奏和飛鏢等領(lǐng)域取得高成就的人進行研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)天才并非是天生的，是后天通過練習創(chuàng)造的，即熟能生巧。【21題詳解】考查形容詞作表語。句意：如果你接著調(diào)查世界杯和職業(yè)比賽的歐洲國家青年隊的話，那么你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象甚至更明顯。a.understandable可理解的；b.misleading誤導(dǎo)的；c.appealing有吸引力的；d.noticeable明顯的。上文說“你調(diào)查所有的運動員的話，有可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)……”，可知“如果你接著調(diào)查的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象更明顯（noticeable）”，上下文兩句進行對比之后更明顯。故選d。【22題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：有人猜測某種星座的人具備更高的足球技能。a.promises使很可能，預(yù)示；b.improves提高，改進；c.compromises妥協(xié)；d.masters掌握。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指某種星座預(yù)示（promises）某人可能具備的才能。故選a。【23題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：他的第一個實驗涉及到記憶訓練，讓一個人聽到并重復(fù)一系列隨機的數(shù)字。a.numbers數(shù)字；b.subjects主題；c.memory記憶；d.practice練習。根據(jù)后面的“trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.”以及后面的“thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitself”可知，進行的記憶訓練（memorytraining）。故選c?！?4題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：這一成功，連同后來的實驗證明了記憶本身不是由遺傳決定。a.physically身體上；b.genetically遺傳上；c.fundamentally基本上；d.psychologically心理上。根據(jù)本句后的“theactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferences”即記憶過程是一種認知練習，而不是一種本能練習，可知，這不是由遺傳（genetically）決定的。故選b?！?5題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：換句話說，無論兩個人在記憶力能力上可能存在怎樣的天生差異，這些差異都會被每個人恰當?shù)亍敖庾x”所記的信息所掩蓋。a.overshadow掩蓋，遮蔽；b.demonstrated描述，顯示；c.strengthened加強，強化；d.produced生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容即是這些差異，會被人后來的理解所掩蓋（overshadow）。故選a?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：埃里克森認為，了解如何有意義地解讀信息的最佳方法是一種被稱為刻意練習的過程。a.enormous許多的；b.deliberate故意的；c.desperate沮喪的；d.persistent執(zhí)著的，不屈不撓的。根據(jù)“itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，這里涉及到反復(fù)的背誦，背誦就是刻意的、故意的（deliberate）。故選b。【27題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：它不僅僅是簡單地重復(fù)一個任務(wù)，例如彈100次c小調(diào)，練習擊球一直到肩膀脫臼。a.onaverage平均；b.moreimportantly更重要的是；c.forinstance例如；d.inparticular尤其，特別。后面的100次彈奏就是一個事例。故選c?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：更確切地說，它涉及到走出你的舒適區(qū)，設(shè)定具體和明確的目標，專注于有針對性的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，從專業(yè)人士那里獲得即時的反饋，關(guān)注技術(shù)和結(jié)果。a.besides此外；b.nevertheless盡管如此，不過；c.therefore因此；d.rather(糾正所說的話或提供更確切的信息)更確切地講，更準確地說。根據(jù)前面的“involvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，涉及的不僅僅是單純的重復(fù)，下面提供更確切的信息，即更確切地說（rather）。故選d。【29題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：設(shè)定具體和明確的目標，專注于有針對性的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識……a.various不同的；b.comprehensive綜合的，全面的；c.targeted有針對性的；d.minor次要的，較小的。根據(jù)空前空后的“specificandwell-definedgoals”，“areasofexpertise,”可知，本空指應(yīng)該是有針對性的（targeted）。故選c?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：因此，埃里克森和他的同事們開始尋找在足球、高爾夫、國際象棋、鋼琴演奏和飛鏢等廣泛領(lǐng)域取得高成就的人。a.pursuits尋找，追求；b.occupations職業(yè)；c.performances表現(xiàn)；d.assumptions假設(shè)。根據(jù)后面的賓語可知，此處是尋找（pursuits）人。故選a。【31題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：人震驚的結(jié)論：我們通常所說的天賦特征被嚴重高估了。a.underestimate低估的；b.overrated高估的；c.flexible靈活的；d.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)后面一段“expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade”可知，“專家級的表演都是制造出來的”可推斷出“天賦被高估了（overrated）”，故選b?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：埃里克森的公式對于許多“虎爸虎媽”來說是可取的。“熟能生巧”自然比基因決定論更受歡迎。a.equal平等的；b.inferior較低的；c.preferable更可取的；d.beneficial有益的。后一句“熟能生巧”對于想培養(yǎng)好孩子的父母來說，自己的孩子不夠聰明，可通過后面的訓練來實現(xiàn)。因此這一點自然比基因決定論更受歡迎，可知，對“虎爸虎媽”來說是更可取的（preferable）。故選c。【33題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：很多人認為先天的能力并不重要，但他們相信，只要努力，就能把孩子培養(yǎng)成鋼琴演奏家或奧運會花樣滑冰選手。a.dismissing摒棄，對……不屑一提；b.lacking缺乏；c.recognizing意識到；d.highlighting強調(diào)。他們認為只要努力就能把孩子培養(yǎng)好，所以他們對于先天的能力不重視，即不屑一提（dismissing）。故選a?！?4題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：然而，埃里克森認為，父母應(yīng)該從這門專業(yè)科學中學到的不是重復(fù)數(shù)千小時工作的效果。a.likewise同樣地，類似的；b.therefore因此；c.besides此外；d.however然而。根據(jù)本空前后的句子可知，此處是指轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，要用however。故選d。【35題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：而是如何讓孩子去做。讓孩子樂于接受有效的實踐是重要的，也是挑戰(zhàn)。a.study研究；b.practice練習；c.reflect反思；d.embrace擁抱，欣然接受，樂意采納(思想、建議等)。根據(jù)語境可知，讓學生知道如何努力，要接受（embrace）成功在于有效的實踐。故選d。sectionb.passages(a)iwasatthefuneralofmydearestfriend-mymother.shefinallyhadlostherlongbattlewithcancer.thehurtwassointense;ifoundithardtobreatheattimes.alwayssupportive,motherclappedloudestatmyschoolplays,heldtheboxoftissueswhilelisteningtomyfirstheartbreak,comfortedmeatmyfather'sdeath,andprayedformemyentirelifewhenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher.icounteditanhonor.myplacehadbeenwithourmother,preparingher.meals,takinghertothedoctor,readingthebibletogether.nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalonedeepinsorrow,suddenly,iheardadooropenandslamshutatthebackofthechurch.quickfootstepshurriedalongthecarpetedfloor.ayoungmanlookedaroundbrieflyandthensatnexttome.hefoldedhishandsandplacedthemonhislap.hiseyesstartedtobefilledwithtears."i’mlate”,heexplained,thoughnoexplanationwasnecessary."afterseveraleulogies(悼詞),heleanedoverandcommented,"whydotheykeepcallingmarybythenameofmargaret?"because,thatwashername,margaret.nevermary.”iwhispered,wonderingwhothestrangerwasanyway."isn'tthisthelutheranchurch?""no,thelutheranchurchisacrossthestreet.""ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneralsir."thesolemnness(莊重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermourners(x4)onlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.ipeekedattheconfused,misguidedmanseatedbesideme.hewaslaughingtoo,asheglancedaround,decidingitwastoolateforanuneventfulexit.iimaginedmotherlaughing.atthefinal'amen,werushedoutadoorandintotheparkinglot."idobelievewe'llbethetalkofthetown.bytheway,mynameisrick.hesmiledthatafternoonbeganalifelongjourneyformewiththismanwhoattendedthewrongfuneral,butwasintherightplace.ayearafterourmeeting,weweremarriedatacountrychurch.thistimewebotharrivedatthesamechurch,rightontime.inmytimeofsorrow,godgavemelaughter.inplaceofloneliness,godgavemelove.thispastjune,wecelebratedourtwenty-secondweddinganniversary.wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaven36.onlyauthorcouldtakecareofhermommainlybecause________.a.shewastheonlychildinthefamilyb.alovelybabycameintoherbrother’sfamilyc.shewastheonlychildwithoutanewfamily’sburdend.hermomlovedhermuchmorethanotherchildren37.whatcanweinferfromthepassage?a.theauthorandrickmet22yearsagoforthefirsttimeb.theauthorwassupposedtohavebeeninlutheranchurchc.margaretshouldbethenameofrick’saunt.d.themournersconsideredtheauthor’sjoyimproper.38.whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?a.hoperemainingatthefuneralb.aheavenlyencounterc.twofuneralsatonetimed.seekinggod'severlastinglove【答案】36.c37.d38.b【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。作者的朋友在媽媽的葬禮上，遇到一個走錯教堂的陌生人，他們由此相識并在一年后結(jié)了婚。作者認為是上帝在她悲傷的時候，上帝給了她歡笑，上帝給了她愛。天堂的媽媽介紹他們認識的，是天作之合。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”這句是說“當母親的病被診斷出來的時候，我姐姐剛生了一個孩子，我哥哥剛和他青梅竹馬的戀人結(jié)婚，所以照顧她的責任落在了我這個27歲的老二身上。送走了母親，我是獨自一人”以及最后一段作者說她和走錯路的人結(jié)成夫妻，由此可推斷出當時姐姐和哥哥都有家庭負擔，只有我是獨自一人，沒有家庭負擔，因此我承擔了照顧母親的責任。分析選項可知c項符合題意。故選c?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第九段“ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneral,sir.”和第十段“thesolemnness(莊重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermournersonlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.”此處是指有一個人走錯了教堂，參加錯了葬禮，作者認為這種嚴肅的場合，出現(xiàn)了這種錯誤，作者笑出來。其他悼念者用犀利眼神看著我，可推知，“媽媽的葬禮自己笑出來”是不恰當?shù)?。故選d。【38題詳解】主旨大意題。本文敘述作者的朋友在母親葬禮上，遇到了一個人走錯了教堂，參加錯了的葬禮，由此兩人認識了。一年后，他們結(jié)婚了。尤其是最后一段最后一句“wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaver”可知，作者認為他們倆的相識是媽媽和瑪麗阿姨（這兩人當時已在天國）介紹我們認識，真是天堂般的邂逅。可知，b項aheavenlyencounter（這是天堂般的邂逅）符合題意。故選b。?！军c睛】推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。根據(jù)事實細節(jié)，推斷合理信息。第一題屬于推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”這句是說“當母親的病被診斷出來的時候，我姐姐剛生了一個孩子，我哥哥剛和他青梅竹馬的戀人結(jié)婚，所以照顧她的責任落在了我這個27歲的老二身上。送走了母親，我是獨自一人”以及最后一段作者說她和走錯路的人結(jié)成夫妻，由此可推斷出當時姐姐和哥哥都有家庭負擔，只有我是獨自一人，沒有家庭負擔，因此我承擔了照顧母親的責任。分析選項可知c項符合題意。故選c。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù),推論有理,忠實原文。切忌用自己的觀點代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。(b)thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthatlanguagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.differentlanguagessegmentnaturalphenomenadifferently.wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orangeandred.speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour,asdidturkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.thereisnothinginnaturetodemonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagivenlanguage,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsoflanguageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeintheworldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactionschangesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.todaygasolinetrucksaregenerallylabeled"flammable(易燃的)".thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",wherein-meansnot".itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.theword"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable"thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however,determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto“flammable"suchobservationsledwhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseoftensesinthelanguageofeurope.tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.englishandothereuropeanlanguagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:itisraining;past:itrained;orfuture:itwillrain.bycontrast,manylanguages,suchasthehopilanguageofnewmexico,lackexpressionfortense.nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.inhopionecannotcountdays,minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.everydayexpressionslike"threeyearswentby"areimpossibleinhopi.comparingsuchlanguages,whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeisfavorabletohistoricityset)andtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."thatistosay,becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinenglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintainrecordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearnswhiletherelativityhypothesis(假設(shè))hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.alargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofhopi-speakingchildrenversusenglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.itremainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.butwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourview