英語四級新試題和答案

英語四級新試題和答案英語四級新試題970PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.WhyMinorityStudentsDon'tGraduatefromCollegeBarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin，seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2021theschoolhasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudents(blacks,Latinos(南美洲I人)，andNativeAmericans,about30percentoftheU.S.population)inenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8percentto13percent.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.Whilenineoutof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,onlysevenoutof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnonwhitestudentsareeagertograduatefromcollege一一buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollege-graduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemisnoticeableatpublicuniversities.In2021,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison―oneofthetopfiveorso\withinsixyears,butonly56percentofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15percentofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2021and25pointsin2021.\issueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,\criticsblameaffirmativeaction-studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleattopschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare\better,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit.\nocollegecreditandthenthey'11bedismissed,\schoolgetstokeepthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend.\Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.Universityadministratorsinsistthatmostofthosebikesarematchedbyincreasedscholarshipgrantsorloans,buttherecessionhasdecreasedprivateendowments（捐助）andcutintostatespendingonhighereducation.In2021thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversityequaled28percentofmedianfamilyincome,whileafourtyearprivateuniversitycost76percentofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonscores,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheyendupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookanunreasonableprideintheirdrop-outrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,\notgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear.\asatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresources

intopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothefasterpaceofauniversityclassroom,andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemaheadstartoncollege-levelcourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnonwhitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usingnewtoolslikehip-hopcompetitionstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbal（語言的）means.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinVirginia.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5percentblackandlessthan2percentLatino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90percentofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63percentby2021.\saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（師徒制）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand\pre-enrolImentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.WhatwasBarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,proudof?A:B:C:D:TheCollege'shighenrollmentrateofwhitestudents.TheCollege'shighenrollmentrateofminoritystudents.TheCollege'shighgraduationrateofwhitestudents.TheCollege'shighgraduationrateofminoritystudents.SinceAmerican1srankingraduationratedroppeddramatically,.A：morepoorandnon-whitestudentscannotentercollegeB:C:D:

B:C:D:theenrollmentrateofwhitestudentsmayincreasetheyoungmaybelesswelleducatedthantheirfathersmoremoneyandeffortwillbeputonhighereducationIntheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,what'sthegraduationrateofitsblacksin2021?A:81%.B：C:D:56%.15%.25%.Privatecollegesanduniversitieshavehighergraduationratesforminoritiespartlybecause.A：B：C：D:theirclassesareusuallylargerthanpublicIvies'theyoffermorescholarshipstominoritystudentstheminoritystudentstheyenrollaregenerallybettertheypaymoreattentiontostudent'sindividualneedThestudentsthataresentto\A：B：C：D:tendtohaveahighergraduationratedon'treceiveenoughhelpfromschoolspaylowertuitionsthantheirpeerslearnpracticalabilitytogetabetterjobWhat'stherecession'simpactonhighereducation?A：B：C:D:Universitiesreceivefewercontributionsfromindividuals.Tuitionshavebeenrisingtwicetherateofinflation.Thescholarshipgrantsorloansincreasetomatchthehike.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonneedratherthanscores.8.HowhastheUniversityofWisconsinfadisonmanagedtonarrowthe8.graduationgap?minoritygraduationgap?minoritystudents.A：IthaspouredresourcestoprovidefinancialhelptoB:C:D：Ithasorganizedprogramstohelpstudentsadaptthepaceofclasspattern.Ithasarrangedtobringminoritystudentsontocampusbeforefreshmanyear.Ithasgivenchancestolessqualifiedstudentstoenteruniversity.Beforetheminoritiesenteruniversity,PrincetonandMITarrangethemtotakepartin.WashingtonandLeeworkedtogetherwithparentsastohelpminoritiesataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoincreasethegraduationrateofminoritiesinorderto.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Overthelasttwoyears,inthePCbusinessMichaelDellhasbeenbeatenlikearentedmule.Hiscompanycontinuestolosemarket(48)particularlyintheU.S.IndustryanalystswouldsaythatDellhasdoneapoorjobofbringingout(49)andattractiveproducts.AppleMacsaleskeeprising.HP,Sony,andLenovohave(50)newproductlineswhichhavehadwarm(51).DelTscorebusinessisbeinghitbythreethings.Thefirstisthatthecompanywasfairlylateat(52)intoretailoutlets(零售店)overseas.It(53)onitsdirectsalesmodelfortoolong.Thesecondproblemisthattherecessionhas(54)Dell,ssales.Dell*sfinalproblemisthatitcannotfindtherightpeopletorunthecompany.It(55)dumpedmostoftheseniormanagementthatithiredjustoverayearago.Ittakestimefornewpeopletogetuptospeed.WordhasgottenoutthatDellplanstolaunchitsownhigh-endsmartphone.Delldoesnotdowellwhatitissupposedtodowell.IthasbecomeasecondratePCcompany.ItproposestopartiallyoffsetthatbyenteringabusinesswhichiscontrolledbyAppleandRIM,themakeroftheBlackberry.Becausesmartphonemarginsarehigh,Nokia,theworldlargestcellphonecompany,Samsung,andSonyEricssonarealso(56)intothemarket.Thetrafficjamisgoingtobe(57).SoDellcan'twininthehandsetbusiness.A:WhatitoughttodoistotrytoimproveitsPCbusiness.

A:receptionsB:dependedC：shareD:extraordinaryE：targetingF:innovativeG：launchedH:declinedI:comprehensiveJ:recentlyK：rushingL:expressionsM：expandingN:consequently0:cut6.57.Directions：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A]、[B]、[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Lookingforanewweightlossplan?Trylivingontopofamountain.Mountainaircontainslessoxygenthanairatloweraltitudes,sobreathingitcausesthehearttobeatfasterandthebodytoburnmoreenergy.Ahandfulofstudieshavefoundthatathletestrainingathighaltitudestendtoloseweight.DoctorFlorianLippioftheUniversityHospitalofLudwig-Maximilians"UniversityMunichwonderedhowthemountainairwouldaffectoverweightindividualsiftheyweren'tdoinganymorephysicalactivitythanusual.Lippiandhiscolleaguesinvited20overweightmentoanenvironmentalresearchstationabout300metersbelowthesummitofZugspitze,amountainaround2,970metersneartheAustrianborder.Theywereallowedtoeatasmuchastheyliked.Themenalsogavebloodsothatresearcherscouldtestforhormones（荷爾蒙）