必修五unit1知識點總結(jié)

1.have1）havesb/sthdosth讓某人“/物做某事”,賓語sb/sth和賓補do之間為主動.如：Mumoftenhasmehelpdosomehousework.2）havesb/sthdoingsth讓某人“/物一直/總是做某事”,賓語sb/sth和賓補do之間為主動,且強調(diào)動作一直進行.如：Don'thavethemachineworkingallthetime.3）havesb/sthdone讓某“人/物被...賓”,語sb/sth和賓補do之間為被動關(guān)系.如：Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.2.get1）getsb/sthtodosth使得某“人/物去做某事”,賓語sb/sth和賓補do之間為主動關(guān)系,且動作尚未發(fā)生.如：Canyougetustodotheexperiment?你能讓我們做這個試驗嗎 ?2）getsb/sthdoingsth使得某“人/物正在做某事”,賓語sb/sth和賓補do之間是主動關(guān)系,且動作正在發(fā)生.如：Hehasgotthecarstarting.3）getsb/sthdone使得“某人/物被...賓”,語sb/sth和賓補do之間是被動關(guān)系.如：Imustgetmybikerepaired.3.makemakesb/sthdosth使得“某人/物做某事”,賓語sb/sth和賓補do之間是主動關(guān)系.如：Hisjokemadeusalllaugh.Unit1Greatscientists?1.(v.)檢查(inspect,check)2.(vt.&vi.)推斷出，結(jié)束3.(vt.)分析(n.analysis)4.(vt.&n．)打敗；戰(zhàn)勝，使受挫；失敗(beat)5.(vt.)出席，護理，照顧，參加6.(vt.)暴露，揭露，使曝光(uncover,unmask,undress,reveal)7.(vt.&n．)治愈，治療；痊愈8.(v.)控制9.(vt.)吸收，吸引；使專心10.(vt.&n)責(zé)備，譴責(zé)；過失，責(zé)備(criticize,scold,accuse反praise)11.(adv.)立即12.(n.&v．)把手；處理，操縱(dealwith)13.(vt.&vi.)貢獻，捐獻，捐助14.(v.)完成(finish)15.(vt.)拒絕，拋棄，不接受(refuse/abandon)16.(n.)特征，特性17.(adj.)嚴重的(serious)，嚴厲的，劇烈的18.(adj.)積極的，肯定的，確實的(同active/optimistic/supportive)(反negative,passive/pessimistic/opposed/objectto)19.(adj.)熱情的，熱心的(n.enthusiasm)20.(adj.)小心的，謹慎的(n.caution)(be~about)1．得出結(jié)論2．提出3．另外,除了4．應(yīng)受到責(zé)備5．對??嚴格的6．將??和??聯(lián)系或連接起來7．導(dǎo)致8．講得通，有意義9．使顯露，暴露有助于，導(dǎo)致全神貫注于1．So manythousandsof terrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.5thline)此處 everytime引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當于 whenever,指“每當........狀元”(橋P116-117)可作連詞用的名詞詞組1，The+瞬間名詞（instant,minute,moment)2，The+序數(shù)詞（first,second.......)+time,3，不定代詞（each,every,any)+time4，The day(week,month,year,........)此外，有些副詞，如 directly，instantly，immediately也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句 ,意為“一.......就....... ”Exercise:1._______________________________tohishometown(每次他回到家鄉(xiāng)）,hewillvisithisteacher.（come）2.————————————————(第一次我見到她），Ifellinlove withher.see)3.________________________________你(一按按鈕）, the machine willstart.(moment)4.Hevisitedhisoldfriend___________________他(到達的那一天）（arrive）5.He turnedontheTV____________________他(一回到家）（immediately)關(guān)于time的其他用法：1.forthefirsttime是介詞短語，作時間狀語，而thefirsttime是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句如：I methiminthepartyforthefirsttime.2.It/This/Thatis/wasthefirsttimethat.......如果用is,則從句用現(xiàn)在完成時，如果用was,則用過去完成時如：Itisthefirsttimethat——————(我來到中國）Itwasthefirsttimethat——————（我見到他）3.Itis(high/abouttime)that.......從句用一般過去時如：It ishightimethat—————————（我們采取措施） toprotect ourenviroment.(measure)measure)2.It seemedthatthewaterwastoblame.(25thline)表達“好像，似乎”的句型Itseems/appearsthat.........Itseems/appears/looksasif........（真實/虛擬）Sb/sthseems/appearstodo/be..........sb/sthseems/appears+adj/n.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Exercise:他似乎很聰明1,_________________heisclever.He_____________________.He______________________.2,Itseemsasif___________________天(要下雨了）.3,Itseemedasifthepen（斷了）whenweputitinthewater，butactuallyitwasn’t.(break)(2012湖北真題）4,Thingsaren’talways（appear）.事情往往不是它們看上去那樣。4,Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.(5thline)Neither..........nor.........既不.........也不.........謂語遵循就近原則，類似的還有：either........or.........Notonly.......butalso...........,not.......but.........,Therebe..........,neither/nor為否定詞，置于句首時句子要部分倒裝Exercise:狀(元橋P116）5,Ifyoudon’ttakepartinthemeeting,我也(不參加）.(neither)6,Infact,Ididn’knowthistotalincome.______________________我(也不在乎）howhismoneywasspent.(neither)7,Neithertheplayersnorthecoach_________________victory,whichmaybethereasonfortheirloss.(confident).8,A woman,who..........., liked the waterfromthepumpsomuchthat shehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(42nd line)So/such.......that........如此.......以致于.......So/such置于句首時要用部分倒裝如：————————————(這個地方如此美麗）thatIwouldneverforgetit.(beautiful)have sth done:讓某事被做 或表示遭遇如：1.-----whereisyourcomputer?--------___________________我(送去修了）inthecomputershop.(repair)2. 我的錢包被偷了。___________________(steal)JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.(46thline)常用（should）+do在名詞性從句中構(gòu)成虛擬語氣的動詞一堅持：insist二命令：order ,command三建議：advise, suggest,propose四要求：request,require,demand,desire,(urge)如：1.Theteacher requestedthat alltheexampapers_________________(上交）tomorrow.(hand)Itwasadvisedthat_________________________(他保持健康的飲食）longtimeago,buthedidn ’tlisten.(keep)concludevt.&vi.斷定，推斷；使結(jié)束，終止；達成，締結(jié)（con全部+clude→全部關(guān)掉→結(jié)論）includev包括（in進入+clude→關(guān)進去→包括）conclusionn．結(jié)束，結(jié)論inconclusion最后，總之=inaword=inshort/briefarriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論cometotheconclusionthat...所得結(jié)論是?1.Richardson_______fromhisstudiesthatgenderequalityisstillalongwayoff.(狀元橋P114）Aaccounted BconcludedC resulted Dconfirmed2.___________________theearthquakeledtothegreatdisasterinJapan.(conclude)(狀元橋P114）結(jié)論是那次地震造成了日本的巨大災(zāi)難。2.defeatvt. 打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n． 失敗.( de去掉+feat功績→打?。?狀元橋P114）de-表示"去掉，變壞，離開，變慢，向下 "等destruction破壞（de+struct結(jié)構(gòu)；建造＋ion→弄壞結(jié)構(gòu)→破壞）=destroydesalt除去鹽分（de+salt鹽→去掉鹽分）dehydration 脫水（de+hydration水分→脫水）deforest砍伐森林（de+forest森林→去掉森林）devalue降低價值（de+value價值→去掉價值）depress壓制，壓抑（de+press壓→向下壓→壓制）decode破譯（de+code密碼→去掉密碼）defame誹謗，中傷（de+fame名聲→名聲變壞→誹謗）1,BeforeIdotheexperiment,theproblem______meWhetherIshouldturntoBobforhelpbecausehemadesomeexperimentalmistakes,nearlyleadingtoafirelasttime.狀(元橋P114）Aovercame BdefeatedCremoved Dconquered,exposevt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面臨ex- 表示"出，出去“expose暴露（ex+pose放→放出去→暴露）exclude排外（ex+clude關(guān)閉→關(guān)出去→排外）exhale呼氣（ex+hale氣→出氣→呼氣）(1)exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)顯露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己(2)exposedadj.(指地方)無遮蔽的；不遮擋風(fēng)雨的beexposedto暴露于??1,---whyareyousoangrywithme?----You areacually______yourlittleboytopossibledangersbylettinghimplayfootballinthestreet.Adevoting BrelatingCapplying Dexposing2,Wewantto______thekidsA causeCexpose

toasmuchartandcultureaspossible.BattachDlink (狀元橋P114）_____________________暴(露于陽光下）fortoolongwilldoharmtoyourskin.(expose)______________________暴(露于陽光下）fortoolong,hisskingotburnt.(expose)attendvt.出席，照顧，護理，參加(1)attendameeting參加會議attendschool/class上學(xué)/上課attendalecture/amovie聽演講/看電影attendto處理；注意傾聽，專心于；照料(2)attendancen．出席，到場；出席人數(shù)Exercise:Imaybelate—Ihavegotoneortwothingsto________________要(處理)．a(chǎn)ttend，join，takepartin/participatein(1)attend一般指參加會議、婚禮等；也可指上學(xué)、聽報告等。Mr.Wangattendedourclassmeeting.王老師參加了我們的班會。(2)join通常指加入某個組織，成為其中的一員；或用于句型joinsb.indoingsth.表示參與某項正在進行的活動。HejoinedthePartyin1950.他在1950年入了黨。(成為一名黨員)(3)takepartin/participatein常指參加一些群體性的、大型的、嚴肅的活動或體育活動。ShewasinvitedtotakepartinaTVdebate.她被邀請參加一場電視辯論。blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把??歸咎于n．過失；責(zé)備(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人頭上betoblame(for)應(yīng)受責(zé)備(2)get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...對??負責(zé)lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人身上1,Thejudgelaidthe____fortheaccidentonthedriverofthecar.Awrong bblameCmistake dpunishment2.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,____________________應(yīng)(受到責(zé)備）ofthegoldenchance.

fortheloss3.Neverbefore_________________hismistakes,butthistimeitisveryserious.之前我從未因他的錯誤而責(zé)備他，但這次錯誤太嚴重了。absorbvt.吸引，吸收，使專心于ab-,abs-表示"相反，變壞，離去”absorb吸收（ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉）abnormal反常的（ab+normal正常的→反常的）abuse濫用（ab+use用→用壞→濫用）absent缺席的（ab+sent出現(xiàn)→沒有出現(xiàn)→缺席的）abstract抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉→拉開→抽象的心不在焉）(1)beabsorbedindoingsth專.心做某事beburied/occupied/caught/trapped/o...把??吸收進??(2)absorbedadj.全神貫注的，一心一意的absorbentadj.可吸收的，容易被吸收的Exercise:_______________________專(心于他的工作）,hedidn’noticeIwascoming.（absorb)contributevt.&vi.捐款；貢獻；捐助Con-前綴表示全部contribute(con-tribute貢金,貢物→貢獻）conclude結(jié)束；總結(jié)(con+clude關(guān)閉→全部關(guān)閉→結(jié)束)confirm堅定；證實(con+firm堅定)condense凝結(jié)；濃縮(con+dense濃密的)consolidate鞏固，加強(con+solid堅固+ate→鞏固，加強）Conflict沖突（con+flict打→一起打斗→沖突）(1)contribute...to...把??貢獻給??contributeto...導(dǎo)致??；向??投稿；有助于??(2)contributionn．貢獻；捐款；稿件makeacontributionto（介詞)對??作出貢獻makeachievementstoBrestoredDcured治愈某人的疾病；矯正某人的不良行為治療??的方法；對策thedoctorhas______thepaininmyshoulder.IcandoeverythingProperrestandenoughsleep_______togoodhealth.Aappeal B applyCcontribute Daccustom2.Many people contributed money to the

poor

boy

，which__________________________________(contribute)許多人給這個可憐的小男孩捐錢 ,使他重新回到了校園．curen．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療；解決Cureapatient/adisease治愈病人、疾病curesb.ofacureforsth.1,Itisluckythatnow.AendedC prevented辨析 cure/treat/heal/recover(1)cure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于用藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣。Thatpillcuredmyheadache那.藥治好了我的頭疼。(2)treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動。(3)heal意為“治愈(傷口);醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的患部，使傷口愈合，不用于治療感冒等疾病。Thewoundonmyarmhashealed我.胳膊上的傷已治好了。(4)recover意為“痊愈；復(fù)原”，主要是指從病中痊愈，常與 from連用。He'snowfullyrecoveredfromhisbadcold.他現(xiàn)在已從重感冒完全康復(fù)了。putforward提出（comeup)，建議；推薦；將??提前(狀元橋P115）putaside節(jié)省，儲蓄，儲存putaway放好，積蓄putback放回，撥回putdown記下，鎮(zhèn)壓putin放入，加進putoff延期，推遲(delay)Put on穿上，上演Putout撲滅，熄滅，出版Putup 舉起，張貼，公布，搭建，掛起Putupwith=stand/bear/tolerate忍受putthrough接通電話1.---Whyishefeelingdowntoday?---Becausethesuggestionhe_____hasbeenturneddown.AputoutCputdown

BputoffDputforward2.Thecitizensexpectsomenewplans_____________________提(出）bythelocalauthoritiestosolvetheproblemsoftrafficjam.(put)第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該題涂黑。Italwaysseemsthathavingtraditionsisagoodthing.Theycreate41thatwilllastalifetime.Sowhenourchildren,DavidandDarla,werepreschoolerswestartedafamilyChristmas42.Itwasourtree-trimming(裝飾)partyanditwouldbecompletewitheggnog(蛋奶酒)andpfeffernüssecookies.Thekidswere43aswepulledthefreshly-cuttreeintothehouse.Itsmelledsogood.WewouldturnontheChristmas44andthetreetrimmingwouldbegin.Ourheartsseemedto45totherhythmoftheChristmassongs.Thekids’eyestwinkledwithexcitement.Itwasaheartwarming46.Whenfinished,wewouldsitenjoyingtheeggnogandpfeffernüssecookies.Yearslater,whenmydaughter,Darla,washomefromcollege,she47tohelptrimthetree.Iwasso48.Beforewe49it,thetreetrimmingwasfinished.Itwasabeautifultreeandits50smellfilledtheroom.Aswehaddoneeveryyearbefore,Ibroughtouttheeggnogandthepfeffernüssecookiesforourtraditional51.Then,amidstthelaughter,Darlasuddenlygotvery52andsaidshehadsomethingtotellme.Fromher53andbodylanguage,Iknewshewas54it.Shesatdownnexttome.Thenvery55andcaringly,Darlalookedatmeintheeyeandsaid,“Mom,I’56velikedpfeffernüssecookies.”ThenIrealizedtheabsoluteimportanceofwhatshehadjustsaid.Whydidn’tsheevertellme?Inallthosechildhoodyears,ratherthan57Mom’sfeelingsandspoilMom’stradition,shehadenduredthecookies58.Fromachild’sheart,yearafteryearafteryearshehadgivenmethegiftof59!Mydaughtertaughtmeaveryimportantlessoninlife:Thebest60aren’talwaysfoundundertheChristmastree.41.A.wondersB.situationsC.memoriesD.interests42.A.partyB.meetingC.habitD.tradition43.A.excitedB.curiousC.helpfulD.naughty44.A.lightsB.songsC.channelsD.programmes45.A.appealB.speakC.talkD.dance46.A.mealB.greetingC.eveningD.end47.A.offeredB.refusedC.neededD.remembered48.A.apologeticB.regretfulC.puzzledD.grateful49.A.cutB.knewC.recalledD.asked50.A.strangeB.commonC.pleasantD.unusual51.A.dinnerB.solutionC.behaviorD.celebration52.A.annoyedB.inspiredC.seriousD.impolite53.A.hesitationB.relaxationC.confidenceD.attention54.A.expectingB.fearingC.makingD.discovering55.A.urgentlyB.patientlyC.humorouslyD.gently56.A.everB.yetC.neverD.really57.A.careB.hurtC.readD.express58.A.silentlyB.painfullyC.graduallyD.unfairly59.A.lifeB.sightC.loveD.forgiveness60.A.cookiesB.relativesC.storiesD.gifts第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Mydearhusband,Iamsendingyouthisletterbye-mailsothatyouwillbesuretoreadit.Pleaseforgiveusforleaving,butIthinkyoushouldknow61hashappenedathomesinceyourcomputerenteredourlivestwoyearsago.Youjustspendalldayplayinggamesor62(chat)online.Afterall,boththekidsandIneedanormallifesowechosetoleave.Thechildrenaredoingwell.Tommyissevennowandheisabrightandhandsomeboy.Hehasdeveloped63greatinterestinarts.Youshouldbeveryproud64him.LittleJenniferturnedfiveinSeptember.65isanattractivechildandquitesmart.Shestillrememberstheday66youspentthewholeafternoonwithusonherbirthday.Nowwe67(take)atripandIhavetodothepacking.Ihavehiredahousekeepertotakecareofthingswhileweareaway.Ibelieveshecanputthings68order,fillyourcoffeecupandbringyourmealstoyourdesk,justthewayyoulikeit.Ihopeyouandthecomputerwillhavea69(love)timewhilewearenotathome.Tommy,JenniferandIwillmissyouoften.Trytorememberuswhileyourcomputerisbooting,orcallmeoncondition70youthinkwearemoreimportantthanthecomputer.Love,Yourwife第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯