英文標點符號用法(句號分號冒號問號感嘆號)(課堂)課件

。FullstopAperiod(AmericanEnglish)orfullstop(BritishEnglish)isthepunctuationmarkcommonlyplacedattheendofsentences.Youuseitlikeaknifetocutthesentencestotherequiredlength.Generally,youcanbreakupthesentencesusingthefullstopattheendofalogicalandcompletethoughtthatlooksandsoundsrighttoyou.1。FullstopAperiod(AmericUsethefullstoptomarktheendofasentencewhichisnotaquestionoranexclamation.RomeisthecapitalofItaly.IwasborninAustraliaandnowliveinIndonesia.Notes：

（1）Hehasonlybeentheretwoorthreetimes.（陳述句）（2）Putthedictionaryontheshelf.（祈使句）

（3）Don’tcry.（用句號）Lookout!（用感嘆號）（4）Willyouweightit,please.（表請求）

2Usethefullstop22.toindicateanabbreviation（縮略詞）Iwillbeinbetween6a.m.and7p.m.kg.千克c.c.（或cc.）立方厘米a.m.上午n.名詞

i.e.即etc.等等No.第…Mr.先生（可不用）Mrs.太太（可不用）

在當代英語里，有些指集體的縮略詞常不用省略句號，如：

UN聯(lián)合國USA美國UK聯(lián)合王國CPC中國共產(chǎn)黨32.toindicateanabbreviation3.specialcase-threedotsThisindicatesthatonlypartofthesentenceortexthasbeenquotedorthatitisbeingleftuptothereadertocompletetherestofthesentence.TheLord'sPrayerbegins,“OurFatherwhichareinHeaven...”4.fullstopafterasingleword

Sometimesasinglewordcanformthesentence.Inthiscaseyouplaceafullstopafterthewordasyouwouldinanyothersentence."Goodbye.""Stop."43.specialcase-threedots4?

questionmark

UseaquestionmarkAttheendofalldirectquestions.Becarefulnottoputaquestionmarkattheendofanindirectquestion.Whatisyourname?You'reSpanish,aren'tyou?Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Iaskedmysisterifshehadadate.5?questionmarkUseaquestionNote：Sometimesaquestionmarkcanbeplacedwithinasentence.Thereiscauseforconcern-isn'tthere?-thatthecurrentworldeconomicbalanceissofragilethatitmayleadtoaglobaleconomicdownturn.6Note：62.Rhetoricalquestions(askedwhenananswerisnotreallyexpected)arequestionsanddeservetoendwithaquestionmark:Howelseshouldweendthem,afterall?WhatifIsaidtoyou,"You'vegotarealproblemhere"?

Sometimesaquestionwillactuallyendwithaseriesofbriefquestions.Eachofthelittlequestionscanbeginwithalowercaseletterandendwithaquestionmark.Didshebuymilk?butter?beef?eggs?72.Rhetoricalquestions(askedIfaquestionmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethatthequestionmarkisalsoitalicized:MyfavoritebookisWhereDidHeGo?

Ifthequestionmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,don'titalicizethequestionmark:DidhesingtheFrenchnationalanthem,

laMarseillaise?8IfaquestionmarkispartofWhenaquestionendswithanabbreviation(縮略詞),endtheabbreviationwithaperiodandthenaddthequestionmark.Didn'theusetoliveinWashington,D.C.?6.

Whenaquestionconstitutesapoliterequest,itisusuallynotfollowedbyaquestionmark.

WillyouwritemeagainifIcanbeoffurtherservice.

9WhenaquestionendswithanaNote:

Itisconsideredbadformtouseaquestionmarkincombinationwithothermarks,althoughthatisoftendoneininformalproseinanattempttoconveycomplextones:

Hetoldyouwhat!?

Thatcombination(orsimilarcombination)ofpunctuationmarksissometimescalledaninterrobang(疑問感嘆號),buttheinterrobangcurrentlyhasnoroleinacademicprose(學術(shù)文章).1010Useanexclamationmark

Theexclamationmarkisusedtoexpressshame,astonishmentorsurpriseortoemphasiseacommentorshort,sharpphrase.Help!Help!That'sunbelievable!Getout!Anexclamationmarkmaybeusedtoclosequestionsthataremeanttoconveyextremeemotion,asinWhatonearthareyoudoing!Stop!！exclamationmark11Useanexclamationmark！exclaAnexclamationmarkcanbeinsertedwithinparentheses（括號）toemphasizeawordwithinasentence.Wehavesomereally(!)low-pricedrugsonsalethisweek.Ifanexclamationmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethattheexclamationmarkisalsoitalicizedorunderlined:MyfavoritebookisOh,thePlacesYou'llGo!

Iftheexclamationmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,don'titalicizetheexclamationmark:I'veaskedyounottosinglaMarseillaise!12AnexclamationmarkcanbeinsYoucanalsouseittomarkaphraseashumourous,ironic（反諷的）

orsarcastic（挖苦的）.Whatalovelyday!(whenitobviouslyisnotalovelyday)

Thatwasclever!(whensomeonehasdonesomethingstupid)6.

Don’toverusetheexclamationmark.Don'tincludeaseriesofexclamationmarks.I'llnevergetitright!!!!Note：

Inacademicprose,anexclamationpointisusedrarely.“Whataniceday,”shesaid.No!13Youcanalsouseittomarka；SemicolonUsingSemicolons

Asemicolonismostcommonlyusedtolinktwoindependentclausesthatarecloselyrelatedinthought.Whenasemicolonisusedtojointwoormoreideas(parts)inasentence,thoseideasarethengivenequalpositionorrank.14；SemicolonUsingSemicolons14Linktwoindependentclausestoconnectcloselyrelatedideas.Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.Icannotimaginehimlyingdown;Icanhardlyimaginehimsittingdown.Linkclausesconnectedbyconjunctiveadverbs（連接副詞）ortransitionalphrases（過渡短語）toconnectcloselyrelatedideas.IrealizeIneedexercise;however,I’llliedownfirsttothinkaboutit.Busesarealwayscrowded;hencehepreferstocycle.15LinktwoindependentclausestLinklistswheretheitemscontaincommastoavoidconfusionbetweenlistitems.

Therearebasicallytwowaystowrite:withapenorpencil,whichisinexpensiveandeasilyaccessible;orbycomputerandprinter,whichismoreexpensivebutquickandneat.Linklengthyclausesorclauseswithcommastoavoidconfusionbetweenclauses.

Somepeoplewritewithawordprocessor,typewriter,oracomputer;butothers,fordifferentreasons,choosetowritewithapenorpencil.16LinklistswheretheitemsconNotes:Avoidusingacommawhenasemicolonisneeded:Incorrect:Thecowisbrown,itisalsoold.Correct:Thecowisbrown;itisalsoold.

Incorrect:Ilikecows,however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.Correct:Ilikecows;

however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.

Commasplice!（逗號粘連）Nocoordinatingconjunction?。]有并列連接詞）17Notes:Commasplice!NocoordinaIncorrect:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood,theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood,andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.Correct:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood;theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood;andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.unclear!Avoidusingasemicolonwhenacommaisneeded:

Incorrect:Thecowisbrown;butnotold.

Correct:Thecowisbrown,butnotold.Incorrect:Becausecowssmell;theyoffendme.

Correct:Becausecowssmell,theyoffendme.

18Incorrect:unclear!Avoidusing：colon

Useacolonbeforealistoranexplanationthatisprecededbyaclausethatcanstandbyitself.Thinkofthecolonasagate,invitingonetogoon.19：colonUseacolonbeforeUsethecolonafteracompletesentencetointroducealistofitemswhenintroductorywordssuchasnamely,forexample,orthatisdonotappear.

*Iwantthefollowingitems:butter,sugar,andflour.*Iwantanassistantwhocandothefollowing:(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.Iwantanassistantwhocan(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.20UsethecolonafteracompleteNOTE:

Withlists,youmayuseperiodsafternumbersandlettersinsteadofparentheses(括號).

Thesearesomeofthepoolrules:

1.Donotrun.

2.Ifyouseeunsafebehavior,reportittothelifeguard.

3.Havefun!

21NOTE:21Acolonisusedafterthesalutationofaformalletterorabusinessletter.(Acommafollowsthesalutationofafriendlyletteroraninformalletter.)

DearMs.Lee:

3.

Ifaquotedpassageisformal,long,orparagraphedseparately,acolonisusedtoseparatetheintroductorystatementfromthequotationthatfollows.

JohnF.Kennedyissuedthisstirringchallenge:"Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry."22Acolonisusedafterthesalu4.Acolonisusedtoseparatethetitleofabookorarticlefromitssubtitle."HighRisk:ChildrenWithoutaConscience"5.Thecoloniscommonlyusedtointroducespeechinadialogue(suchasascript).Teacher:Whydidyouuseacolonhere?Student:Ithoughtitlookedgood.6.

用于數(shù)字時間的表示，如16:45或4:45p.m.

在涉及賽事比分的時候用來區(qū)分兩隊比分

ChinabeatJapan3:2inthewomen’svolleyballtournament.

演講稿中放在對主席和聽眾的稱呼之后

Mr.Chairman,ladiesandgentlemen:234.AcolonisusedtoseparateCOMMONMISUSESOFTHECOLON

Donotuseacolontoseparateaprepositionfromitsobjects.WRONG

Shewasinchargeof:registration,cabinassignments,andclean-up.CORRECT

Shewasinchargeofregistration,cabinassignments,andclean-up.24COMMONMISUSESOFTHECOLONDo2.Donotuseacolontoseparateaverbfromitsobjects.

WRONG

Iliketoplay:soccer,racquetball,andicehockey.CORRECT

Iliketoplaysoccer,racquetball,andicehockey.252.Donotuseacolontosepar3.Donotuseacolonafter"suchas".WRONG

Ienjoyplayingphysicallydemandingsportssuchas:soccer,racquetball,andicehockey.CORRECT

Ienjoyplayingphysicallydemandingsportssuchassoccer,racquetball,andicehockey.

263.Donotuseacolonafter"sQuiz1.Idon‘texpecttobehomeuntilafter_____callmeuntilafterthattime.A6:30,don'tB6:30;don'tC6:30:don't2.Iwaslateformy_____Iranoutofgasonmywaythere.Aappointment;becauseBappointmentbecause,Cappointmentbecause3.Thisiswhatyou'llneed_____anotebook,aboxofdiskettes,andsomepaper.Atobuy,Btobuy:Ctobuy;27Quiz274._____I'mnotsureIbelievethat.AReally—BReally:CReally?5.He'slivedin_____.ALosAngeles,California,Portland,Oregon,andDallas,TexasBLosAngeles,California.Portland,Oregon.andDallas,TexasCLosAngeles,California;Portland,Oregon;andDallas,Texas6.Thisis_____Ihavenoroomforitinmyhouse.Atooexpensive.moreover,Btooexpensive;moreover,Ctooexpensive,moreover,284._____I'mnotsureIbeliev。FullstopAperiod(AmericanEnglish)orfullstop(BritishEnglish)isthepunctuationmarkcommonlyplacedattheendofsentences.Youuseitlikeaknifetocutthesentencestotherequiredlength.Generally,youcanbreakupthesentencesusingthefullstopattheendofalogicalandcompletethoughtthatlooksandsoundsrighttoyou.29。FullstopAperiod(AmericUsethefullstoptomarktheendofasentencewhichisnotaquestionoranexclamation.RomeisthecapitalofItaly.IwasborninAustraliaandnowliveinIndonesia.Notes：

（1）Hehasonlybeentheretwoorthreetimes.（陳述句）（2）Putthedictionaryontheshelf.（祈使句）

（3）Don’tcry.（用句號）Lookout!（用感嘆號）（4）Willyouweightit,please.（表請求）

30Usethefullstop22.toindicateanabbreviation（縮略詞）Iwillbeinbetween6a.m.and7p.m.kg.千克c.c.（或cc.）立方厘米a.m.上午n.名詞

i.e.即etc.等等No.第…Mr.先生（可不用）Mrs.太太（可不用）

在當代英語里，有些指集體的縮略詞常不用省略句號，如：

UN聯(lián)合國USA美國UK聯(lián)合王國CPC中國共產(chǎn)黨312.toindicateanabbreviation3.specialcase-threedotsThisindicatesthatonlypartofthesentenceortexthasbeenquotedorthatitisbeingleftuptothereadertocompletetherestofthesentence.TheLord'sPrayerbegins,“OurFatherwhichareinHeaven...”4.fullstopafterasingleword

Sometimesasinglewordcanformthesentence.Inthiscaseyouplaceafullstopafterthewordasyouwouldinanyothersentence."Goodbye.""Stop."323.specialcase-threedots4?

questionmark

UseaquestionmarkAttheendofalldirectquestions.Becarefulnottoputaquestionmarkattheendofanindirectquestion.Whatisyourname?You'reSpanish,aren'tyou?Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Iaskedmysisterifshehadadate.33?questionmarkUseaquestionNote：Sometimesaquestionmarkcanbeplacedwithinasentence.Thereiscauseforconcern-isn'tthere?-thatthecurrentworldeconomicbalanceissofragilethatitmayleadtoaglobaleconomicdownturn.34Note：62.Rhetoricalquestions(askedwhenananswerisnotreallyexpected)arequestionsanddeservetoendwithaquestionmark:Howelseshouldweendthem,afterall?WhatifIsaidtoyou,"You'vegotarealproblemhere"?

Sometimesaquestionwillactuallyendwithaseriesofbriefquestions.Eachofthelittlequestionscanbeginwithalowercaseletterandendwithaquestionmark.Didshebuymilk?butter?beef?eggs?352.Rhetoricalquestions(askedIfaquestionmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethatthequestionmarkisalsoitalicized:MyfavoritebookisWhereDidHeGo?

Ifthequestionmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,don'titalicizethequestionmark:DidhesingtheFrenchnationalanthem,

laMarseillaise?36IfaquestionmarkispartofWhenaquestionendswithanabbreviation(縮略詞),endtheabbreviationwithaperiodandthenaddthequestionmark.Didn'theusetoliveinWashington,D.C.?6.

Whenaquestionconstitutesapoliterequest,itisusuallynotfollowedbyaquestionmark.

WillyouwritemeagainifIcanbeoffurtherservice.

37WhenaquestionendswithanaNote:

Itisconsideredbadformtouseaquestionmarkincombinationwithothermarks,althoughthatisoftendoneininformalproseinanattempttoconveycomplextones:

Hetoldyouwhat!?

Thatcombination(orsimilarcombination)ofpunctuationmarksissometimescalledaninterrobang(疑問感嘆號),buttheinterrobangcurrentlyhasnoroleinacademicprose(學術(shù)文章).3810Useanexclamationmark

Theexclamationmarkisusedtoexpressshame,astonishmentorsurpriseortoemphasiseacommentorshort,sharpphrase.Help!Help!That'sunbelievable!Getout!Anexclamationmarkmaybeusedtoclosequestionsthataremeanttoconveyextremeemotion,asinWhatonearthareyoudoing!Stop!！exclamationmark39Useanexclamationmark！exclaAnexclamationmarkcanbeinsertedwithinparentheses（括號）toemphasizeawordwithinasentence.Wehavesomereally(!)low-pricedrugsonsalethisweek.Ifanexclamationmarkispartofanitalicizedorunderlinedtitle,makesurethattheexclamationmarkisalsoitalicizedorunderlined:MyfavoritebookisOh,thePlacesYou'llGo!

Iftheexclamationmarkisnotpartofasentence-endingtitle,don'titalicizetheexclamationmark:I'veaskedyounottosinglaMarseillaise!40AnexclamationmarkcanbeinsYoucanalsouseittomarkaphraseashumourous,ironic（反諷的）

orsarcastic（挖苦的）.Whatalovelyday!(whenitobviouslyisnotalovelyday)

Thatwasclever!(whensomeonehasdonesomethingstupid)6.

Don’toverusetheexclamationmark.Don'tincludeaseriesofexclamationmarks.I'llnevergetitright!!!!Note：

Inacademicprose,anexclamationpointisusedrarely.“Whataniceday,”shesaid.No!41Youcanalsouseittomarka；SemicolonUsingSemicolons

Asemicolonismostcommonlyusedtolinktwoindependentclausesthatarecloselyrelatedinthought.Whenasemicolonisusedtojointwoormoreideas(parts)inasentence,thoseideasarethengivenequalpositionorrank.42；SemicolonUsingSemicolons14Linktwoindependentclausestoconnectcloselyrelatedideas.Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.Icannotimaginehimlyingdown;Icanhardlyimaginehimsittingdown.Linkclausesconnectedbyconjunctiveadverbs（連接副詞）ortransitionalphrases（過渡短語）toconnectcloselyrelatedideas.IrealizeIneedexercise;however,I’llliedownfirsttothinkaboutit.Busesarealwayscrowded;hencehepreferstocycle.43LinktwoindependentclausestLinklistswheretheitemscontaincommastoavoidconfusionbetweenlistitems.

Therearebasicallytwowaystowrite:withapenorpencil,whichisinexpensiveandeasilyaccessible;orbycomputerandprinter,whichismoreexpensivebutquickandneat.Linklengthyclausesorclauseswithcommastoavoidconfusionbetweenclauses.

Somepeoplewritewithawordprocessor,typewriter,oracomputer;butothers,fordifferentreasons,choosetowritewithapenorpencil.44LinklistswheretheitemsconNotes:Avoidusingacommawhenasemicolonisneeded:Incorrect:Thecowisbrown,itisalsoold.Correct:Thecowisbrown;itisalsoold.

Incorrect:Ilikecows,however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.Correct:Ilikecows;

however,Ihatethewaytheysmell.

Commasplice!（逗號粘連）Nocoordinatingconjunction！（沒有并列連接詞）45Notes:Commasplice!NocoordinaIncorrect:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood,theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood,andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.Correct:Ilikecows:theygiveusmilk,whichtastesgood;theygiveusbeef,whichalsotastesgood;andtheygiveusleather,whichisusedforshoesandcoats.unclear!Avoidusingasemicolonwhenacommaisneeded:

Incorrect:Thecowisbrown;butnotold.

Correct:Thecowisbrown,butnotold.Incorrect:Becausecowssmell;theyoffendme.

Correct:Becausecowssmell,theyoffendme.

46Incorrect:unclear!Avoidusing：colon

Useacolonbeforealistoranexplanationthatisprecededbyaclausethatcanstandbyitself.Thinkofthecolonasagate,invitingonetogoon.47：colonUseacolonbeforeUsethecolonafteracompletesentencetointroducealistofitemswhenintroductorywordssuchasnamely,forexample,orthatisdonotappear.

*Iwantthefollowingitems:butter,sugar,andflour.*Iwantanassistantwhocandothefollowing:(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.Iwantanassistantwhocan(1)inputdata,(2)writereports,and(3)completetaxforms.48UsethecolonafteracompleteNOTE:

Withlists,youmayuseperiodsafternumbersandlettersinsteadofparentheses(括號).

Thesearesomeofthepoolrules:

1.Donotrun.

2.Ifyouseeunsafebehavior,reportittothelifeguard.

3.Havefun!

49NOTE:21Acolonisusedafterthesalutationofaformalletterorabusinessletter.(Acommafollowsthesalutationofafriendlyletteroraninformalletter.)

DearMs.Lee:

3.

Ifaquotedpassageisformal,long,orparagraphedseparately,acolonisusedtoseparatetheintroductorystatementfromthequotationthatfollows.

JohnF.Kennedyissuedthisstirringchallenge:"Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry."